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Transportation Planning and Modelling: Muhammad Zudhy Irawan Zudhyirawan - Staff.ugm - Ac.id

This document provides an introduction to transportation planning and modeling. It discusses key concepts like the four step travel demand model involving trip generation, distribution, mode choice and traffic assignment. It also covers aggregate and disaggregate modeling approaches, revealed and stated preference data, calibration, validation and use of models. Modeling helps evaluate a transportation system and indicators like access, travel patterns and environmental impacts to support planning goals. While not a replacement for planning, modeling can effectively aid decision making.

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Mohamed Ali Salem
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46 views15 pages

Transportation Planning and Modelling: Muhammad Zudhy Irawan Zudhyirawan - Staff.ugm - Ac.id

This document provides an introduction to transportation planning and modeling. It discusses key concepts like the four step travel demand model involving trip generation, distribution, mode choice and traffic assignment. It also covers aggregate and disaggregate modeling approaches, revealed and stated preference data, calibration, validation and use of models. Modeling helps evaluate a transportation system and indicators like access, travel patterns and environmental impacts to support planning goals. While not a replacement for planning, modeling can effectively aid decision making.

Uploaded by

Mohamed Ali Salem
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Transportation Planning and

Modelling

MUHAMMAD ZUDHY IRAWAN


zudhyirawan.staff.ugm.ac.id

Transportation Planning and


Modelling

INTRODUCTION – 1ST MEETING


References
• Willumsen and Ortuzar Transport Modeling

• N. Oppenheim Urban Travel Demand


Modeling: From Individual Choices to General
Equilibrium

• Y. Sheffi Urban Transportation Networks:


Equilibrium Analysis With Mathematical
Programming Methods

Course Expectations
• Homework
• Quizzes
• Projects
• Visual basic for applications (VBA)
• TFTP
• ZIN
Comprehensive Transportation
Planning Dimensions

• Economic

• Social

• Environmental

Systematic Evaluation for


Sustainability
• Can we always count on data being there?

• If we don’t have data then what can be


done?
Indicators

T Goal

Objectives of Travel Demand


Model

• Reduction in or modification of travel


behavior
• Reduction of environmental damages
• Increased land use efficiency
• Enhanced travel safety
Why Use Travel Demand Models

• A relationship between transport system


and indicators
– Access
TRAVEL
– Purpose Land use
DEMAND
Travel behavior MODEL
– Frequency
– Use
T System performance

Economic, Social, and


Environmental Dimensions

• Where do they come in to this process?

TRAVEL
DEMAND
MODEL

Evaluate
System performance Indicators progress to
goal

Other data
…through performance indicators
• For example:

– Commute speed

– Land use mix


Residential Employment
– Transport diversity

– Transport equity ResidentialEmployment

Service
Service

Example
• Model output = travel times between all points

• Indicator: Commute speed

• Indicator: Land use mix

• Indicator: Transport diversity

• Indicator: Equity
Transport Planning and
Modelling
• Transport modelling is not transport
planning
• It can only support planning, and in a few
cases it may have the most important role
in the process.

• In truth, planning and implementation have


the power to change the world and
transport modelling can only assist in this
if adopted as an effective aid to decision
making.
• A model is a simplified representation of a
part of the real world–the system of
interest–which focuses on certain
elements considered important from a
particular point of view
Aggregate and Disaggregate
Modelling
• Aggregate models were used almost
without exception in transportation
studies up to the late 1970s. they
became familiar, demanded relatively
few skills on the part of the analyst.
• However, aggregate models have been
severely (and sometimes justifiably)
criticised for their inflexibility, inaccuracy
and cost.

• Disaggregate models, which became


increasingly popular during the 1980s,
offer substantial advantages over the
traditional methods while remaining
practical in many application studies.
• However, one important problem in
practice is that they demand from the
analyst quite a high level of statistical and
econometric skills for their use (in
particular for the interpretation of results)
Cross-section and Time Series

• Cross section : several variable at the


same point in time
• Time series : several variable over a
period of time

Revealed and Stated


Preferences
• Up to the mid-1980s it was almost
axiomatic that modelling transport demand
should be based on information about
observed choices and decisions, i.e.
revealed-preference data.
• Within this approach, project evaluation
requires expressing policies in terms of
changes in attributes which ‘map onto’
those considered to influence current
behavior
• Stated-preference/intentions
techniques, borrowed from the field of
market research, offering a way of
experimenting with transport-related
choices
• Stated-preference techniques base
demand estimates on an analysis of the
response to hypothetical choices; these,
of course, can cover a wider range of
attributes and conditions than the real
system.

Model Calibration, Validation


and Use
Introduction to Travel Demand
Modeling
• What is a travel demand model
• Assignment: Discuss your knowledge
– Input data
– Trip generation
Land use TRAVEL
– Trip distribution DEMAND
– Mode choice Travel behavior MODEL

– Traffic/trip assignment

T System performance

Four Step Travel Demand Model


(FSTDM)
Demographic Step 1: Trip
Data Generation

Transportation Step 2: Trip


Network Distribution

Step 3: Mode
Choice

Step 4: Trip/ Traffic


Assignment
Trip Generation Questions

• How much do people use the transport


system?

• Why do people use the transport system?

• Where can different types of activities be


satisfied?

Trip Distribution Questions

• Given a location, where do people go to


satisfy demand for an activity type?
Mode choice Questions

• How do people use the transport system?


– What modes do they choose?

– How do they react to varying transport service


quality?

Trip / Traffic Assignment Questions

• How do people use the transport system?


– Given a mode, which route do they choose?
– Do they satisfy multiple activities in one tour?
– Which parts of the transport system do they
use?
– How do they react to varying transport
service quality?
Demographic Data
• Autos per household
• Income level
• Household size

Network Data
• Highway network

• Transit network

• Graph
Representing a Network

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