This lab worksheet aims to teach students how to configure Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) on switches. The objectives are to cable a network according to a topology diagram, perform basic switch configurations, observe the default STP behavior, and observe the response to a change in the STP topology. STP elects a root switch and assigns port roles to provide a loop-free path. The lab exercises involve basic switch setup, enabling trunk ports between switches, and examining the STP configuration and response to a port shutdown.
This lab worksheet aims to teach students how to configure Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) on switches. The objectives are to cable a network according to a topology diagram, perform basic switch configurations, observe the default STP behavior, and observe the response to a change in the STP topology. STP elects a root switch and assigns port roles to provide a loop-free path. The lab exercises involve basic switch setup, enabling trunk ports between switches, and examining the STP configuration and response to a port shutdown.
This lab worksheet aims to teach students how to configure Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) on switches. The objectives are to cable a network according to a topology diagram, perform basic switch configurations, observe the default STP behavior, and observe the response to a change in the STP topology. STP elects a root switch and assigns port roles to provide a loop-free path. The lab exercises involve basic switch setup, enabling trunk ports between switches, and examining the STP configuration and response to a port shutdown.
This lab worksheet aims to teach students how to configure Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) on switches. The objectives are to cable a network according to a topology diagram, perform basic switch configurations, observe the default STP behavior, and observe the response to a change in the STP topology. STP elects a root switch and assigns port roles to provide a loop-free path. The lab exercises involve basic switch setup, enabling trunk ports between switches, and examining the STP configuration and response to a port shutdown.
• Cable a network according to the topology diagram • Perform basic configuration tasks on a switch • Observe and explain the default behavior of Spanning Tree Protocol (STP, 802.1D) • Observe the response to a change in the spanning tree topology
II. Discussion of the theory
The basic function of STP is to provide a loop free switched network; this is done by creating a topology of all participating STP switches. The best loop free path through the switched network is then determined from this topology information. The initial step taken by each STP is to elect a root switch; the root switch is used as a central point in a switched network to determine the best route through the switched network. Initially, all switches act as if they are the root switch and do this until they receive traffic from another superior switch (as determined by switch priority); this is referred to as a root switch election.
Spanning Tree Protocol Port Roles
Once the root switch is elected, each of the ports is given a role depending on its place within the STP topology; the available port roles when using 802.1D spanning tree are shown below:
• Root—The port given this role is the selected best path to reach the root switch • Designated—The port given this role is selected with the best path to a specific switched segment; there is only one designated port per switched segment. • Alternate—The port given this role is selected as a backup to the root port; if the root port should have a problem, this port would take over the root port role. • Backup—The port given this role is selected as a back to the designated port; if the designated port should have a problem this port would take over the designated port role.
Once the best path is calculated and each of the ports has been given a role, all ports with the alternate or backup STP roles will be blocked to prevent loops.
1 III. Lab Exercise
Addressing Table
2 Task 1: Lab Setup For this lab, use 24-port switch. Configure all PCs with the required IP addresses and default gateway.
Task 2: Perform Basic Switch Configurations
Configure the switch hostname as indicated on the topology. • Disable DNS lookup. • Configure an EXEC mode password of class. • Configure a password of cisco for console connections. • Configure a password of cisco for vty connections.
Task 3: Prepare the Network
Step 1: Shutdown all ports, use the range command to simplify. This is just to ensure unused ports will not be used.
S1(config)# interface range 1-24
S1(config-if)# shutdown
Step 2: Enable the switch ports facing the clients. Perform to all applicable ports.
Write the commands here you used to the rest of the client facing ports
Step 3: Enable trunk ports on S1, S2, and S3.
Only a single VLAN is being used in this lab. However trunking has been enabled on all links between switches to allow for additional VLANs to be added in the future. S1(config-if-range)#interface range fa0/1, fa0/2 S1(config-if-range)#switchport mode trunk S1(config-if-range)#no shutdown
Verify that the switches are correctly configured by pinging between them. From S1, ping the management interface on S2 and S3. From S2, ping the management interface on S3. Were the pings successful? _______________________
(If not, troubleshoot the switch configurations and try again. Do not proceed to Task 4 unless Task 3 is cleared)
Task 4: Configure Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)
Step 1: Examine the default configuration of 802.1D STP.
On each switch, display the spanning tree table with the show spanning-tree command. Root selection varies depending on the BID of each switch in your lab resulting in varying outputs.
The bridge identifier (bridge ID), stored in the spanning tree BPDU consists of the bridge priority, the system ID extension, and the MAC address. The combination or addition of the bridge priority and the system ID extension are known as the bridge ID priority. The system ID extension is always the number of the VLAN. For example, the system ID extension for VLAN 100 is 100. Using the default bridge priority value of 32768, the bridge ID priority for VLAN 100 would be 32868 (32768 + 100). The show spanning-tree command displays the value of bridge ID priority. Note: The “priority” value within the parentheses represents the bridge priority value, which is followed by the value of the system ID extension.
Answer the following questions based on the output.
1. What is the bridge ID priority for switches S1, S2, and S3 on VLAN 1? a. S1 : _______ b. S2 : _______ c. S3 : _______
2. Which switch is the root for the VLAN 1 spanning tree? ________________
3. On S1, which spanning tree ports are in the blocking state on the root switch?_________________
4 4. On S3, which spanning tree port is in the blocking state? _________ 5. How does STP elect the root switch? _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
6. Since the bridge priorities are all the same, what else does the switch use to determine the root? _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
Task 5: Observe the response to the topology change in 802.1D STP
