This chapter presents conclusions and recommendations from a study analyzing vitamin D levels, genetic polymorphisms, and their relationship to polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The conclusions are that women with PCOS had significantly lower vitamin D levels than controls, and lower levels correlated with poorer insulin metabolism. A genetic polymorphism (Cdx2) was not directly associated with PCOS risk but may affect disease severity and development by regulating vitamin D levels. Recommendations include further studying associations between other vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and PCOS, as well as investigating if vitamin D/calcium supplementation can improve metabolic and hormonal outcomes for women with PCOS.
This chapter presents conclusions and recommendations from a study analyzing vitamin D levels, genetic polymorphisms, and their relationship to polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The conclusions are that women with PCOS had significantly lower vitamin D levels than controls, and lower levels correlated with poorer insulin metabolism. A genetic polymorphism (Cdx2) was not directly associated with PCOS risk but may affect disease severity and development by regulating vitamin D levels. Recommendations include further studying associations between other vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and PCOS, as well as investigating if vitamin D/calcium supplementation can improve metabolic and hormonal outcomes for women with PCOS.
This chapter presents conclusions and recommendations from a study analyzing vitamin D levels, genetic polymorphisms, and their relationship to polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The conclusions are that women with PCOS had significantly lower vitamin D levels than controls, and lower levels correlated with poorer insulin metabolism. A genetic polymorphism (Cdx2) was not directly associated with PCOS risk but may affect disease severity and development by regulating vitamin D levels. Recommendations include further studying associations between other vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and PCOS, as well as investigating if vitamin D/calcium supplementation can improve metabolic and hormonal outcomes for women with PCOS.
This chapter presents conclusions and recommendations from a study analyzing vitamin D levels, genetic polymorphisms, and their relationship to polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The conclusions are that women with PCOS had significantly lower vitamin D levels than controls, and lower levels correlated with poorer insulin metabolism. A genetic polymorphism (Cdx2) was not directly associated with PCOS risk but may affect disease severity and development by regulating vitamin D levels. Recommendations include further studying associations between other vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and PCOS, as well as investigating if vitamin D/calcium supplementation can improve metabolic and hormonal outcomes for women with PCOS.
Conclusions Significantly lower levels and higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency were observed in women with PCOS compared to controls. In addition, significant negative correlations were found between serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 levels and parameters of insulin metabolism in PCOS group suggesting a role of vitamin D in metabolic and hormonal disturbance found in PCOS through impact of vitamin D on insulin secretion.
No significant difference in genotypic distribution of Cdx2
polymorphism of vitamin D receptor gene between PCOS group and controls group. Thus, Cdx2 polymorphism is not associated with PCOS susceptibility. However, increased odds ratio of G- allele of Cdx2 polymorphism compared to A-allele suggesting that G-allele may be accountable for decreasing of transcriptional activity of vitamin D receptor gene that in turn modifies several functions managed by active vitamin D.
Cdx2 polymorphism of vitamin D receptor gene has an association
with severity of clinical features seen in PCOS, but not with risk of development of the disease meaning that genetic variation are not directly linked to risk of PCOS but may indirectly affect disease development via regulation of vitamin D and/or calcium levels.
87 Chapter Five Conclusions and Recommendations
Recommendations The following are suggested for future work: 1. Asses the association between other single nucleotide polymorphism of vitamin D receptor gene such as TaqI, BsmI, FokI, and ApaI polymorphism and PCOS susceptibility.
2. Follow up study to investigate the impact of vitamin D and/or
calcium supplementation on metabolic and hormonal improvement in women with PCOS.
