EXERCISES

CHAPTER 1
Q Questions Answer

1 Calculate mean, median, and standard deviation and construct a stem

and leaf diagram for the following list of values:
2.1, 3.5, 2.7, 5.4, 8.6, 4.3, 6.2, 9.9, 7.6
(i) Mean = 50.3/9=5.59
(ii) Median = 5.4
(iii) Standard deviation = ?

S 2 Calculate the variance and standard deviation of the set of values 3, 6, 7, σ2=10.6
6 8, 11 and 13. 7
σ=3.27
3 Calculate the mean, median, mode, and range for the following list of
values
8, 9, 10, 10, 10, 11, 11, 11, 12, 13

The mean is
(8 + 9 + 10 + 10 + 10 + 11 + 11 + 11 + 12 + 13) ÷ 10 = 105 ÷ 10 = 10.5
The median is the middle value. In a list of ten values, that will be the (10
+ 1) ÷ 2 = 5.5-th value. The fifth and sixth numbers are the last 10 and
the first 11, so:
(10 + 11) ÷ 2 = 21 ÷ 2 = 10.5
The mode is the number repeated most often. This list has two values
that are repeated three times; namely, 10 and 11, each repeated three
times.
The largest value is 13 and the smallest is 8, so the range is 13 – 8 = 5.

Determine mean, median, mode, variance and standard deviation for 1.9, 2, 3,
the data given; 1.24,
a) {2 3 3 1.5 0} 1.1136)
mean = (2+3+3+1.5+0)/5 1.9
arrange (0, ANSWE
median = 1.5,2,3,3) (n+1)/2=3 R: 5, 6,
mode = 3 3&9,
variance x-xbar (x-xbar)^2 64.33,
0.100 0.010 8.02)
1.100 1.210
1.100 1.210
-0.400 0.160
-1.900 3.610
6.190
varianve 1.238
s.dev 1.113
b) {10 9 3 3 9 16}
ean = 5
 variance x-xbar (x-xbar)^2
-15 225
4 16
-2 4
-2 4
4 16
11 121
386
s^2 64.33
s 8.02
5 40 concrete cubes were subjected to failure tests in a crushing machine.
Failure loads were as follows :
Load 30.6 30.8 31.0 31.2 31.4 31.6
x,(kN)
f 2 8 14 10 4 2

Calculate, mean, median, mode, variance, standard deviation.

6 Determine mean, median, mode, variance and standard (
Answer:
18 18 19 19 19 19 20 20 20
23, 22,
21 21 22 22 23 23 24 25 25 19, ,
26 26 27 27 30 31 46.12)
7 220 students were asked about the number of hours per week they
spent driving a car. With the information given in Table 1, calculate the
mean, variance and standard deviation of the hours spent driving a car
by the 220 students.

TABLE 1: Number of hours per week spent driving a car

Hours spent driving

Number of students
a car
10 to 14 2
15 to 19 12
20 to 24 23
25 to 29 60
30 to 34 77
35 to 39 38
40 to 44 8

Answer:
8 Determine mean, median, mode, variance and standard deviation using
method of frequency distribution;
Gap m
30-32 31
27-29 28
24-26 25
21-23 22
18-20 19

( (
Gap x f xf ̅ ̅ 2 ̅
30-32 31 2 62 8.25 68.06 136.13
27-29 28 2 56 5.25 27.56 55.13
24-26 25 5 125 2.25 5.06 25.31
21-23 22 6 132 -0.75 0.56 3.38
18-20 19 9 171 -3.75 14.06 126.56
24 546 346.50
22.7
mean 5 14.44
3.80

9 Determine Q1, Q2 and Q3 for the sample data given;

25 41 27 32 43 66 35 31 15 5
34 26 32 38 16 20 38 30 30 21

1 Table 1 shows weekly income for household are given in frequency ANSWE
0 distribution data. R: RM
Determine Q1, Q2 and Q3 for the data given; 207, RM
249, RM
Income (RM) frequency 279
125-149 1
150-174 3
175-199 10
200-224 8
225-249 11
250-274 14
265-299 12
300-324 5
325-349 2
1 The speed (in km/h) of 60 random vehicles were collected along
1 Persiaran Tun Ghafar Baba in UTHM. The data was then presented in the
following Table Q2(a). Calculate the 85th percentile speed (P85).

Table Q2(a): Speed of vehicles along Persiaran Tun Ghafar Baba

Speed 20 – 29 30 – 39 40 – 49 50 – 59 60 – 69
Frequenc 5 8 19 15 13
 y

Speed 20 – 29 30 – 39 40 – 49 50 – 59 60 – 69
Frequency 5 8 19 15 13
Lower
19.5 29.5 39.5 49.5 59.5
boundary
Cumulative
5 13 32 47 60
Frequency

 The 85th percentile lies in 60 – 69 speed class

( ) ( )

1 The following data are inter green time (s) for intersection in Batu Pahat
2 city:

18, 34, 76, 29, 15, 41, 46, 25, 54, 38, 20, 32, 43, 22
Summarize the data in a box-and-whiskers plot and interpret this value.

Answer:
15, 18, 20, 22, 25, 29, 32,| 34, 38, 41, 43, 46, 54, 76
Min = 15
Max = 76
Q1 = 22
Q2 = 33
Q3 = 43
IQR = Q3-Q1 = 43-22=21
[Q1-1.5IQR, Q3+1.5IQR]
[22-1.5(21), 43+1.5(21)]=[-9.5, 74.5]
76 is outliers

1 Draw box plot using the data given. (

3 ANSWE
 25 41 27 32 43 66 35 31 15 5 R: )
34 26 32 38 16 20 38 30 30 21

 Draw stem-leaf plot

Answer:

S 1 The Resilient modulus asphaltic concrete sample (in Mpa) were

5 4 determined from indirect tensile test are given as follows:

21 20 21 20 20 21 20 21 21
0 9 2 8 2 8 0 4 218 0
21 20 21 20 21 22 21 21 20
7 7 0 3 5 1 3 0 199 8

 Draw stem-leaf plot using the data given.


The stem-and-leaf diagram shows the construction period (in weeks) of
several infrastructure projects in Yong Peng:
Stem Leaf

3 2789
4 2569
5 2345688
6 255
7 15
(i) Determine the median, first quartile and third quartile.

There are 20 observations.

r = ½ (20) = 10
Median, Q2 = between 10th and 11th observation = (53 + 54) / 2 =
53.5
r = ¼ (20) = 5
Q1 = between 5th and 6th observation = (42 + 45) / 2 = 43.5

r = ¾ (20) = 15
Q3 = between 15th and 16th observation = (58 + 62) / 2 = 60

(ii) Construct a box-and-whisker plot.

Q1 = 43.5, Q2 = 53.5, Q3 = 60
Min. = 32
Max. = 75
Box-and-whisker plot:
 EQUATIONS

Mean and Variance of Ungrouped Data

∑
̅ ∑ ̅

Mean, Mode, Median, Quartile, Percentile, Decile and Variance of Grouped

Data

∑
̅ ∑
∑ ∑
∑
( )
∑

( )
( ) ( )

( )

Box and Whisker Plot

Probability
Probability Distribution of Discreet Random Variable

∑
∑

∑ ∑
[ ]

Binomial Probability Distribution ( )

 Poisson Probability Distribution

Normal Probability Distribution

Central Limit Theorem

̅
̅ ̅
√ ( )
√

∑ √ [ ] ∑

Difference Between Two Means

 ̅ ̅

̅ ̅ ̅ ̅ ̅ ̅
√

Confidence Interval

̅
̅ ̅
√ √ ⁄
√

√ √
√
√

̅ ̅
̅ ̅
( )
̅ ̅
(√ ) ̅ ̅
( ) ( )

One-Sample Hypothesis Testing (z-Test and t-Test)

̅ ̅ ̅
⁄ ⁄ ⁄
√ √ √

Two-Sample Hypothesis Testing (z-Test and t-Test)

̅ ̅ ̅ ̅

√ √

Simple Linear Regression

∑ ∑
̂
∑ ∑ ∑ ∑ ∑ ∑
∑ ∑
√[ ∑ ∑ ][ ∑ ∑ ]

∑ ∑ ∑
√

F-Test

One Way ANOVA Test

∑ ∑
∑ ∑( )

Chi-Square Test

Chi-Square Goodness of Fit Test

∑[ ]

Chi-Square Contingency Table Analysis

∑[ ]

Mann-Whitney Test

Mann-Whitney U Test

Chapter 2
1 It is known from the past record that 8% of interlocking blocks are defect in
production. Determine;

(a) The probability that any item is defect.

P(A)=8/100=2/25

(b) The probability that any item is defect acceptable.

P(B)=92/100=23/25

(c) The number of acceptable items likely to be found in a sample batch of

4500.
E=m x P(B) =4500x23/25 =4140

2 It is known from the past records that 8% of molded plastic items are defective.
Determine:
(a) The probability that any one item is (i) defective, (ii) acceptable.
(b) The number of acceptable items likely to be found in a sample batch of
4500.
(ans: 2/25; 23/25; 4140)

3 A random batch of 240 components is subjected to strict inspection and 20 items

are found to be defective.

(a) if we pick any one components at random from this sample, the change
of its being faulty is………………………….
(b) If a run of 600 components from the same machine woild be likely to
contain ………………..defects.

4 In a rolling a die, what is

(a) the probability of scoring a multiple of 3
(b) the probability of scoring a multiple of 2
So probability of scoring multiple of 3 or a multiple of 2 would seem to be…

5 Julia spins two spinners; one of which is labelled 1,2 and 3 and the other is
 labelled 4,5, and 6. See FIGURE Q2(b).

FIGURE Q2(b) : Two spinners

(a) Sketch a tree diagram for the experiment.

(b) Determine the probability that the same spinners stop at “3” and “4”?
(c) Determine the probability that the spinners do not stop at “3” and “4”.
(d) Determine is the probability that the first spinner does not stop at “1”?

6 A construction company employs 2 executive engineers. Engineer-1 does the

work for 60% of jobs of the company. Engineer-2 does the work for 40% of jobs of
the company. It is known from past experience that the probability of an error
when Engineer-1 does the work is 0.03, whereas the probability of an error in the
work of Engineer-2 is 0.04. Suppose a serious error occurs in the work, suggest
which engineer most likely did the work.
7 A construction firm has bid on two different contracts. Let E1 be the event that the
bid on the first contract is successful, and define E2 analogously for the second
contract. Suppose that P(E1) =0.4 and P(E2)=0.3, and that E1and E2 are
independent;

(a) Find the probability that both bids are successful.

P(A)P(B)=0.4 x 0.3=0.12

(b) Find the probability that neither bid is successful.

1-P(A)=1-0.4=0.6
1-P(B)=1-0.3=0.7
=0.6 x 0.7=0.42

(c) Find the probability that at least one of the bids is successful.
1-0.42-0.58

8 The probabilities that a student will obtain grade A, B, C, D or E for their

Engineering Statistics course are 0.20, 0.45, 0.20, 0.10 and 0.05 respectively.

(a) Find the probability that a student will obtain either grade A or B
A = student will obtain grade A B = student will obtain grade B
P(A) = 0.20 P(B) = 0.45

Probability student will obtain either grade A or B:

P(A B) = P(A) + P(B)

P(A B) = 0.20 + 0.45 = 0.65

(b) A class has 14 male students and 21 female students. Calculate the
probability that a female student in that class will obtain grade C
F = female students

P(F) = 21/35 = 0.6

P(C) = 0.2

Probability female student will obtain grade C:

P(F C) = P(F) x P(C)

P(F C) = 0.6 x 0.2 = 0.12
9 Fahrin and Ghafar are two of several civil engineers employed by a construction
company. The probabilities of Fahrin and Ghafar being selected to work on a
housing development project are 0.60 and 0.55 respectively. The company has
just secured a new housing development project. Find the probability that:

(i) Probability only one of them will be selected:

F = Fahrin is selected G = Ghafar is selected

P(F) = 0.60 P(G) = 0.55

P(F’) = 1 – 0.60 = 0.40 P(G’) = 1 – 0.55 = 0.45

(ii) Probability only one of them will be selected:

P(F G’) + P(G F’)
P(F G’) + P(G F’) = P(F) x P(G’) + P(G) x P(F’)
= 0.60 x 0.45 + 0.55 x 0.40
= 0.27 + 0.22
= 0.49

(a) at least one of them is selected

Two possibilites: Only one of them is selected or both of them are selected.

Probability only one of them is selected is found previously in Q2(b)(i)

P(F G’) + P(G F’) = 0.49

Probability both of them selected:

P(F G) = P(F) x P(G)

P(F G) = 0.60 x 0.55 = 0.33

P(F G’) + P(G F’) + P(F G) = 0.49 + 0.33 = 0.82

10 Helena travels to work either by bus or train. The probability that she chooses to
travel by bus is 0.7. The probability that she is late for work if she travels by bus is
0.3 while the probability that she is late for work if she travels by train is 0.2.
Given that Helena is not late for work, determine the probability she had chosen
to travel by train.

Probability of being late for work:

P(L) = P(A L) + P(B L) = 0.21 + 0.06 = 0.27

The probability of not being late for work

P(L’) = 1 - P(L) = 1 – 0.27 = 0.73 or P(L’) = P(A L’) + P(B L’) = 0.49 + 0.24 =
0.73

Probability of choosing to travel by train given that Helena is not late for work
11 Ali mendapat keputusan yang baik dalam biologi dan Kalkulus, tetapi dia merasa
tiada peluang untuk subjek lain. Dengan kemampuannya dalam biologi dan
kalkulus, dia menjangka akan mendapat A bagi subjek biologi adalah 3 berbanding
1 dan kalkulus peluang mendapat A adalah 4 berbanding 1. Dia merasa akan
mendapat A bagi kedua-dua subjek adalah 3 berbanding 2. Anggapkan penilaian
tersebut adalah benar, apakah kebarangkalian Ali mendapat;

(a) sekurang-kurangnya 1 A

(b) Tidak mendapat sebarang A

(c) Hanya mendapat 1 A