ITS323

Switching

Switched Networks

Circuit Switching

Packet Switching Circuit and Packet Switching

Comparison

ITS323: Introduction to Data Communications

Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology

Thammasat University

Prepared by Steven Gordon on 24 October 2014

ITS323Y14S1L10, Steve/Courses/2014/s1/its323/lectures/switching.tex, r3384

ITS323
Contents
Switching

Switched Networks

Circuit Switching
Switched Communications Networks
Packet Switching

Comparison

Circuit Switching

Packet Switching

Comparing Circuit and Packet Switching

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Switched Communications Networks
Switching
I So far focussed on encoding and transmitting
Switched Networks

Circuit Switching
information over a link
Packet Switching I Now how networks used to interconnect many devices
Comparison I Switched Communication Networks
I Data transmitted from source to destination through
network of switching nodes
I Switching nodes are not concerned with content of data
I Collection of nodes referred to as communications
network
I Devices attached to network are called stations
I Node—station links often dedicated point-to-point links
I Node—node links often multiplexed
I Network is often not fully connected; but desirable to
have multiple paths for each pair of stations
I Two technologies used in wide area switched networks:
circuit switching and packet switching

ITS323
Simple Switching Network
Switching

Switched Networks

Circuit Switching

Packet Switching

Comparison

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 ITS323
Contents
Switching

Switched Networks

Circuit Switching
Switched Communications Networks
Packet Switching

Comparison

Circuit Switching

Packet Switching

Comparing Circuit and Packet Switching

ITS323
Example of Old-Style Circuit Switch
Switching

Switched Networks

Circuit Switching

Packet Switching

Comparison

Seattle Municipal Archives from Seattle, WA via Wikimedia Commons; CC BY 2.0

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 ITS323
Example of Current-Style Circuit Switch
Switching

Switched Networks

Circuit Switching

Packet Switching

Comparison

Mudares via Wikimedia Commons; CC BY 2.5

cjwlabasst via Wikimedia Commons; Public domain

ITS323
Circuit Switching Networks
Switching
I Dedicated communications path between two stations;
Switched Networks

Circuit Switching
path is sequence of links between nodes
Packet Switching I On each physical link, logical channel allocated to
Comparison connection
I Three phases:
1. Circuit establishment: Create station-to-station circuit,
allocating resources as needed
2. Data transfer: Analog or digital data transmitted from
station to station
3. Circuit disconnect: Circuit is terminated, de-allocation
of resources

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 ITS323
Circuit Switching Networks
Switching
I Path established before data transfer begins; channel
Switched Networks

Circuit Switching
capacity must be reserved between each pair of nodes in
Packet Switching
path, and switching capacity allocated at each
Comparison switching node
I Developed to handle voice traffic, but also used for data
traffic
I Examples: public telephone network, private telephone
networks, prviate data networks

ITS323
Circuit Establishment
Switching

Switched Networks

Circuit Switching

Packet Switching

Comparison

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Example Connection Over a Public
Switching
Circuit-Switching Network
Switched Networks

Circuit Switching

Packet Switching

Comparison

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ITS323
Issues in Circuit-Switching
Switching

Switched Networks Efficiency

Circuit Switching

Packet Switching
I Resources reserved for duration of connection (capacity
Comparison in all links, circuit in all switches)
I Inefficient if applications do not use the capacity

Quality
I Data rate, delay guaranteed for duration of connection

Link Speeds
I End devices must be the same speed

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 ITS323
Contents
Switching

Switched Networks

Circuit Switching
Switched Communications Networks
Packet Switching

Comparison

Circuit Switching

Packet Switching

Comparing Circuit and Packet Switching

13

ITS323
Packet Switching
Switching
I For data connections, much of the time the line is idle;
Switched Networks

Circuit Switching
circuit-switching inefficient
Packet Switching I Packet switching: break data into packets, sending one
Comparison at a time from source to destination

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Types of Packet Switching
Switching

Switched Networks Datagram Packet Switching

Circuit Switching

Packet Switching
I Each packet is treated independently of all others
Comparison
I Packets belonging to the same message may:
I Take different paths across the network
I Arrive at destination out of order and may be lost
I Packets need headers so switches know where to send
them

Virtual Circuit Packet Switching

I Virtual circuit setup and teardown
I Once setup, data is transferred as individual packets
I Take the same path across the network
I Arrive in-order at the destination, but may be lost
I Packets need headers so switches know what is the next
switch it must be sent to
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ITS323
Packet Switching: Datagram Approach: (a)
Switching

Switched Networks

Circuit Switching

Packet Switching

Comparison

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Packet Switching: Datagram Approach: (b)
Switching

Switched Networks

Circuit Switching

Packet Switching

Comparison

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ITS323
Packet Switching: Datagram Approach: (c)
Switching

Switched Networks

Circuit Switching

Packet Switching

Comparison

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 ITS323
Packet Switching: Datagram Approach: (d)
Switching

Switched Networks

Circuit Switching

Packet Switching

Comparison

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ITS323
Packet Switching: Datagram Approach: (e)
Switching

Switched Networks

Circuit Switching

Packet Switching

Comparison

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 ITS323
The Use of Virtual Circuits
Switching

Switched Networks

Circuit Switching

Packet Switching

Comparison

21

ITS323
Packet Switching: Virtual-Circuit Approach:
Switching
(a)
Switched Networks

Circuit Switching

Packet Switching

Comparison

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 ITS323
Packet Switching: Virtual-Circuit Approach:
Switching
(b)
Switched Networks

Circuit Switching

Packet Switching

Comparison

23

ITS323
Packet Switching: Virtual-Circuit Approach:
Switching
(c)
Switched Networks

Circuit Switching

Packet Switching

Comparison

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 ITS323
Packet Switching: Virtual-Circuit Approach:
Switching
(d)
Switched Networks

Circuit Switching

Packet Switching

Comparison

25

ITS323
Packet Switching: Virtual-Circuit Approach:
Switching
(e)
Switched Networks

Circuit Switching

Packet Switching

Comparison

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 ITS323
Effect of Packet Size on Transmission Time
Switching

Switched Networks

Circuit Switching

Packet Switching

Comparison

27

ITS323
Contents
Switching

Switched Networks

Circuit Switching
Switched Communications Networks
Packet Switching

Comparison

Circuit Switching

Packet Switching

Comparing Circuit and Packet Switching

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Event Timing for Circuit Switching and
Switching
Packet Switching
Switched Networks

Circuit Switching

Packet Switching

Comparison

29

ITS323
Comparison of Communication Switching
Switching
Techniques
Switched Networks

Circuit Switching

Packet Switching

Comparison

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