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Operators and Expression

The document discusses different types of operators and expressions in programming. It covers arithmetic operators like addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and modulus. It also discusses relational operators for comparisons, logical operators for Boolean logic, and assignment operators. Precedence and associativity rules determine the order of operations when multiple operators are used in an expression. Well-formed expressions are important for accurately performing calculations in code.

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17 views

Operators and Expression

The document discusses different types of operators and expressions in programming. It covers arithmetic operators like addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and modulus. It also discusses relational operators for comparisons, logical operators for Boolean logic, and assignment operators. Precedence and associativity rules determine the order of operations when multiple operators are used in an expression. Well-formed expressions are important for accurately performing calculations in code.

Uploaded by

Sky Fire
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Programming Element

Prepared By Dr Goh Wan Inn

Chapter 3:Operators and Expressions| SCP1103 Programming Technique C | Jumail, FSKSM, UTM, 2006 | Last Updated: July 2006 Slide 1
(Operators & Expression)

Statements,
Arithmetic
Operators &
Operators
Operands

Relational
Logical Operators
Operators

Assignment
Operators
Statement
• Statements are elements in a program which
(usually) performing with suitable object
– e.g. below is a statement of calling input value

length = float(input(“Insert Length: “))


An expression statement is a statement that results a value

SOME EXAMPLES OF EXPRESSION VALUE

• Literal expression The literal itself


e.g. 2, “A+”, ‘B’

• Variable expression The content of the variable


e.g. Variable1

• Arithmetic/Mathematic The result of the operation


expression
e.g. 2 + 3 -1
Operators & Operands
• Operands is something that make the operator
be act
• Operators can be classified according to
– the type of their operands and of their output
• Arithmetic
• Relational
• Logical
• Assignment
– the number of their operands
• Unary (one operand)
• Binary (two operands)
• Ternary (unique to the C language)
• A combination of operands and operators called
as Operations!
Arithmetic operators
• They operate on numbers and the result is
a number.
• The type of the result depends on the
types of the operands.
• If the types of the operands differ (e.g. an
integer added to a floating point number),
one is "promoted" to other.

– The "smaller" type is promoted to the "larger"


one.
int → float
10 + 11.8 = 21.8
Arithmetic operators: +, *
• + is the addition operator
• * is the multiplication operator
• They are both binary

Arithmetic operator: −
◼ This operator has two meanings:
◼ subtraction operator (binary) e.g. 31 - 2

◼ negation operator (unary) e.g. -10


Arithmetic operator: /
◼ Division operator
◼ CAREFUL! The result of integer division is an integer:
e.g. 5 / 2 is 2, not 2.5

Arithmetic operator: %
• The modulus (remainder) operator.
• It computes the remainder after the first operand is divided by
the second
e.g. 5 % 2 is 1, 6 % 2 is 0
Relational operators
• These perform comparisons and the result is what
is called a boolean: a value TRUE or FALSE
• FALSE is represented by 0; anything else is TRUE
• The relational operators are:
– < (less than)
– <= (less than or equal to)
– > (greater than)
– >= (greater than or equal to)
– == (equal to)
– != (not equal to)
Logical operators
(also called Boolean operators)

• These have Boolean operands and the


result is also a Boolean.
• The basic Boolean operators are:
– and (logical AND)
– or (logical OR)
– not (logical NOT) -- unary
Assignment operator(=)
• Binary operator used to assign a value to
a variable.
Combined Assignment Operators
Special assignment operators
• write a += b; instead of a = a + b;
• write a -= b; instead of a = a - b;
• write a *= b; instead of a = a * b;
• write a /= b; instead of a = a / b;
• write a %= b; instead of a = a % b;
Precedence & associativity
• How would you evaluate the expression
17 - 8 * 2 ?

Is it 17 - (8 * 2)
or (17 - 8) * 2 ?

• These two forms give different results.


• We need rules!
Precedence & associativity
• When two operators compete for the same
operand (e.g. in 17 - 8 * 2 the operators -
and * compete for 8) the rules of
precedence specify which operator wins.
– The operator with the higher precedence wins

• If both competing operators have the same


precedence, then the rules of associativity
determine the winner.
Precedence & associativity
not Unary – higher precedence

* / %

+ –
Associativity: execute left-to-right (except
< <= >= > for = and unary – )
== !=
and
or
lower precedence
=
Example: Left associativity

3*8/4%4*5
Example: Right associativity

a += b *= c-=5
Precedence & associativity
• Examples:

X =17 - 2 * 8 Ans: X=17-(2*8) , X=1

Y = 17 - 2 - 8 Ans: Y = (17-2)-8, Y=7

Z = 10 + 9 * ((8 + 7) % 6) + 5 * 4 % 3 *2 + 1 ?

Not sure? Confused? then use parentheses in your code!


Algebraic Expressions
◼ Multiplication requires an operator:
Area=lw is written as Area = l * w;

◼ There is no exponentiation operator:


Area=s2 is written as Area = s*s or s**2

◼ Parentheses may be needed to maintain order of


operations:
y 2 − y1
m= is written as
x 2 − x1 m = (y2-y1) /(x2-x1);
Algebraic Expressions (cont…)

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