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Statistics For Engineers-Fall 2009 Tutorial-09-Solution

Four chemists each made three determinations of the percentage of methyl alcohol in a compound. The results were analyzed using ANOVA. It was found that: 1) The chemists differed significantly at the 5% significance level. 2) A 95% confidence interval for chemist 2's mean percentage was calculated as 84.66% to 85.44%. 3) A 95% confidence interval for the difference between chemists 2 and 4's mean percentages was 0.25% to 1.35%. 4) Using a Tukey test, the results showed chemists 2 and 4 were significantly different.

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172 views

Statistics For Engineers-Fall 2009 Tutorial-09-Solution

Four chemists each made three determinations of the percentage of methyl alcohol in a compound. The results were analyzed using ANOVA. It was found that: 1) The chemists differed significantly at the 5% significance level. 2) A 95% confidence interval for chemist 2's mean percentage was calculated as 84.66% to 85.44%. 3) A 95% confidence interval for the difference between chemists 2 and 4's mean percentages was 0.25% to 1.35%. 4) Using a Tukey test, the results showed chemists 2 and 4 were significantly different.

Uploaded by

Esteban Elias Marquez Escalante
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Statistics for Engineers- Fall 2009

Tutorial-09-Solution

Problem 9.1- Four chemists are asked to determine the percentage of methyl alcohol in a certain
chemical compound. Each chemist makes three determinations as shown in the accompanying
table.
9.1.a- Do chemists differ significantly at the significance level of 0.05?
9.1.b- Construct a 95% confidence interval on the mean of measured % Methyl-OH of chemist 2.
9.1.c- Construct a 95% confidence interval on the mean difference between % Methyl-OH of
chemists 2 and 4.
9.1.d- If the chemists differ, find which ones are different?
9.1.e- Analyze the residuals from this experiment.
Solution:

Chemist % Methyl alcohol


𝒚𝒊. 𝒚𝒊.
1 2 3
1 84.88 84.50 84.20 253.58 84.53
2 85.15 85.13 84.88 255.16 85.05
3 84.72 84.48 85.16 254.36 84.79
4 84.20 84.00 84.55 252.75 84.25

The global average is 𝑦.. = 84.6542. To check if the chemists differ, the appropriate hypothesis
testing is:

𝐻0 : 𝜏1 = 𝜏2 = ⋯ = 𝜏𝐿 = 0
𝐻1 : 𝜏𝑖 ≠ 0 𝑎𝑡 𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡

1
𝐿 𝑛

𝑆𝑆𝑇 = 𝑦𝑖𝑗2 − 𝑁𝑦..2 = 85997.6751 − 12 × 84.65422 = 1.74


𝑖=1 𝑗 =1

𝐿
1 1
𝑆𝑆𝑇𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 = 𝑦𝑖.2 − 𝑁𝑦..2 = 64302.81642 + ⋯ + 63882.56252 − 12 × 84.65422
𝑛 3
𝑖=1

= 1.07
𝑆𝑆𝐸 = 𝑆𝑆𝑇 − 𝑆𝑆𝑇𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 = 1.97 − 1.11 = 0.67

Degrees of
Source of variation Sum of squares Mean square 𝐹𝑡𝑒𝑠𝑡
freedom

Between treatments 𝑆𝑆𝑇𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑡 . = 1.07 3 0.3567 4.26

Error (Within treatments) 𝑆𝑆𝐸 = 0.67 8 0.0838

Total 𝑆𝑆𝑇 = 1.74 11

9.1.a- Do chemists differ significantly at the significance level of 0.05?


𝐹𝑡𝑒𝑠𝑡 = 4.26 > 𝐹0.05,3,8 = 4.08
Since the test statistic falls into the rejection region, we conclude that chemists significantly
differ at the significance level of 5%.

9.1.b- Construct a 95% confidence interval on the mean percent of methyl alcohol of chemist 2.

𝑀𝑆𝐸 𝑀𝑆𝐸
𝑦𝑖. − 𝑡𝛼/2,𝑁−𝐿 ≤ 𝜇𝑖 ≤ 𝑦𝑖. + 𝑡𝛼/2,𝑁−𝐿
𝑛𝑖 𝑛𝑖

𝑀𝑆𝐸 𝑀𝑆𝐸
𝑦2. − 𝑡0.025,8 ≤ 𝜇2 ≤ 𝑦2. + 𝑡0.025,8
𝑛2 𝑛2

2
0.084 0.084
85.05 − 2.306 ≤ 𝜇2 ≤ 85.05 + 2.306
3 3

84.66 ≤ 𝜇2 ≤ 85.44

9.1.c- Construct a 95% confidence interval on the mean difference between % Methyl-OH of
chemists 2 and 4.
𝑦𝑚 . − 𝑦𝑙. − 𝑡𝛼/2,𝑁−𝐿 𝑆𝑒 𝑦𝑚 . − 𝑦𝑙. ≤ 𝜇𝑚 − 𝜇𝑙 ≤ 𝑦𝑚 . − 𝑦𝑙. + 𝑡𝛼 /2,𝑁−𝐿 𝑆𝑒 𝑦𝑚 . − 𝑦𝑙.

𝑦2. − 𝑦4. − 𝑡0.025,8 𝑆𝑒 𝑦2. − 𝑦4. ≤ 𝜇2 − 𝜇4 ≤ 𝑦2. − 𝑦4. + 𝑡0.025,8 𝑆𝑒 𝑦2. − 𝑦4.

2 × 0.084 2 × 0.084
85.05 − 84.25 − 2.306 × ≤ 𝜇2 − 𝜇4 ≤ 85.05 − 84.25 + 2.306 ×
3 3

0.25 ≤ 𝜇2 − 𝜇4 ≤ 1.35

9.1.d- If the chemists differ, use Tukey test to indicate which are different? 𝛼 = 0.05
𝑞0.05 (4,8) = 4.53
𝑦𝑚 . − 𝑦𝑙.
𝑞𝑡𝑒𝑠𝑡 ,𝑚 ,𝑛 =
𝑠𝑒 𝑦𝑚 . − 𝑦𝑙.

𝑚, 𝑛 1,2 1,3 1,4 2,3 2,4 3,4


𝑞𝑡𝑒𝑠𝑡 ,𝑚,𝑛 -3.11 -1.55 1.67 1.55 4.79 3.23

The test shows that the results of chemist 2 and 4 are different.

9.1.e- Analyze the residuals from this experiment.

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