ABSTRACT

Unemployment in the present day Nigeria resulted from different misgivings

and lack of direct approach to by those concerned to tackle this problem. There
are very few jobs compared to the large number of citizens up to the age of
being in the labor force. In recent years, subsequent governments and corporate
bodies have one way or the other tried to device a means of reducing the
instances of unemployment, some being successful to some extent, and other
cases having efforts and huge finances being wasted due to lack of proper
management, supervision and low productive system of operation.

This research project is dedicated to providing a new system that would solve
the problem of linking a large number of unemployed individuals to firms,
companies, institutions or government agencies that are in need of employing
people for one reason or the other. This project has an its case study. The
National Directorate of Employment (Owerri Secretariat). It is an agency
formed by the Federal Government with the sole purpose of employing as many
unemployed individuals into the labor force.

This research work, right from its inception is dedicated to greatly solving the
problem of errors prone to the manual method of collecting, managing and
storing of data as well as distributing processed information. It introduces an
electronic means known as Automation, a process that entails the use of the
computer and its accessories to manage data and information at a more efficient
and effective rate. This would be achieved by introducing an Automated
Employment Directory for Labor Assignment System, hence the project topic:
“An Automated Employment Directory and Labor Assignment System”.
 CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Employment directory is a database of individuals which provides a list, usually

in alphabetical order, of people’s names, contact address, telephone member
and other personal information pertaining to a particular group of individuals
known as applicants. This directory in its entirety also contains the curriculum
vitae (C.V) of individuals grouped under different sections such as job seekers,
short listed candidates for an interview or qualified persons designated an
employment status, as the case may be.

The directory on its own enables an individual to conduct his/her search with
little or no difficulty since the data he/she needs has already been formatted in
such way the individual can access it with little or no skill at all. They usually
stored under headings and are stored alphabetically. Technology has evolved in
recent times to a level where competition between existing systems and a new
design are accessed and compared on the basis of reliability, compatibility,
output design, speed and efficiency, not to mention sophistication. Globally,
people are mostly interested in systems that can match any standard found in the
international market. This project, however is designed to assist employment
agencies in their bid to connect firms or organizations in need of some qualified
individuals to fill up vacancies in their establishments and also to help the
public to be well informed of such vacancies, hence the choice of the National
Directorate of Employment as the suitable case study for this research project.

This project is based on the gradual process of completely transferring the

manual procedure of both managing and keeping track of information and data
related to employment delivery. It is a project totally dedicated to the use of
computes otherwise known as automation, to provide a faster, more reliable and
accurate process of managing information that is greatly essential in the
provision of employment by agencies working for the government or contracted
by private bodies.

Computers these days are gradually being introduced into every sector of our
daily lives and its use in managing database cannot be over emphasized
computers have come a long way to replace human limitations such as the
ability to perform series of repetitive activities without easily getting weary or
entirely bored. It has saved human energy and performs its activities/functions
much faster than the average man.

The few mention advantages and merits of automating (computerizing) certain

activities over the usual manual way of carrying out similar activities,
necessitated in making the researcher to propose and design a new system,
which will entail the gradual change from the existing system of manually
managing data to an automated system of the same procedure. This will
culminate in the use of the computer to:

 Input data

 Process the data into information

 Store the information and

 Access the information at any given time and place whenever the need
arises.

Although risks cannot be entirely ruled out when using an automated system,
they are however minimal and highly reduced to the lowest level when qualified
personnel are left to manage and administer the system.

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The primary function of the National Directorate of Employment is to assist the

government in providing jobs for the unemployed populace and also to help the
unemployed to get gainful employment for their benefit. There are several
problems hampering the link between qualified personnel (or applicants) to
some potential employers. Most of such problems could be summarized into:

 Staff attitude: The nonchalant attitude of some of the staff of certain

employment agencies towards requests due to some difficulty they encounter
while collecting data. Also, some departments working under the some
establishment view themselves as independent entities, hence the flow of
information suffers serious setbacks and access to central data becomes
increasingly difficult.

 Processing: Poor data and information flow within the organization due to
job duplication and role redundancies and also errors due to incorrect entries
from the public.

 Time wastage: Time wastages could be due to lack of well defined

information retrieval system, insufficient number of employed personnel and
delay caused by postal services. This affects the overall response time of the
agency to requests.

1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT

This research project, from its inception, has some targeted goals and objectives
which serve as the motivating factor behind the system design. The new design
is intended to be efficient in the sense that the database software would produce
the required results satisfactorily without much time and valuable resources
being wasted. The project would in turn be a reliable substitute in the sense that
the usual process of manually storing, retrieving already collected data or
information, which are at most times error prone due to human factors such as
commission, are eliminated. In other words, the project is aimed at improving
information and data flow within the agency (directorate). Usually, the research
project is designed to eliminate problems/set backs which the commonly
experienced due to physical management and processing of documents (files) of
respective requests made to the agency. From the above mentioned points, its
objectives could be summarized into:

 Improving data and information flow (management) within the system

 Providing high quality information for the management to make relevant

decision at the needed time.

 Reduction of unnecessary time wastages incurred during data processing,

storage and retrieval of information.

 Making for a quicker response time.

 Linking qualified personnel to vacancies and also providing organizations

with suitable applicants for vacant posts in their establishment.

 Reduction of clerical operations amongst other benefits.

1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT

The application of an automated employment directory and labor assignment

system will make for an improved public awareness due to the fact that
information processed or possessed by the agency (directorate using the this
new system) would readily be liked to the internet or the ‘yellow pages’ as the
case may be information generated can be readily passed unto the public at a
faster rate as would have been the case using the existing system. In other
words, rapid technological changes and improvement gave rise to a required
standard for which this new has attained.

Furthermore, this new system will lead to a greater patronage from the public
due to the efficiency and reliability associated with the system. This project
signifies a design which serves as the best feasible alternative solution to the
problem of data management and control. The new model and its software
capabilities enable the new system to be implemented in any part of the world
due to the portability nature of the software.

Finally, this study serves as a good reference material for researches in the field
or those undertaking a similar research.

1.5 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

The research method adopted in this research project is as follows:

i. Investigation and analysis of the present system: Here, the

researcher studied the existing system as regards to its set objectives,
its functions and managerial capabilities.

ii. Interview: Certain workers and employees at the personnel

department of the National Directorate of Employment were
interviewed; necessary information and raw data were both collected
and noted. Such information played a great role in the development of
the new system.

iii. Observation: The processes and procedures involved in data and

information flow in the agency were observed. Also, their relationship
with the intended results were observed, compared and carefully
noted.

iv. System development: The new system was developed firstly by

carefully analyzing the problems evident in the existing system,
proffering solutions and therefore, the researcher went ahead to design
a model for the new system. Subsequently, the developed system was
tested accordingly with data for which required solution/results were
previously achieved using the manual system of operation. Both
results were compared and it was found that the solutions were similar
but with the new solution, having me the target with a higher degree
 of accuracy, at a quicker response time, improved management control
and also at a reduced cost.

1.6 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

This research work is dedicated to bridging the gap between the unemployed
(job applicants) and prospective employers. It is purely limited to the use of an
employment directory to link applicants to various vacancies. This project will
only cover the area of using the directory database to provide the necessary
information required by an organization to employ qualified individuals into
positions needed to be filled. After the analysis of the existing system, some
areas were noted for improvement while some sensitive areas demanded
conversion, which could best be handled by a computer method i.e. automation.

It must be noted however, that this project or model does create job
opportunities by design but provides an easy and more efficient access to
information needed for smooth employment delivery and labor assignment it is
therefore hoped that future researchers will carry out further work on this
subject.

1.7 LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT

There were certain constraints encountered while the research for this project
was being carried out. Listed below are some of the prominent ones. They are:

Financial constraints: Limited source of funds as regards the high rate of

transportation culminated in the choice of the National directorate of
Employment as case study.
Time: The time needed to travel outside the school environment to other places
(distant places in particular) in search for the required data was limited; this also
led to the choice of N.D.E Owerri as case study.

Privacy of data: Due to the sensitive nature of certain information, the

researcher was not able to get certain personal information about some
individuals from the agency.

Staff attitude: Some members of staff of the agency were not readily helpful
when approached for specific information. This was another source of
hindrance to the completion of the project.

Nevertheless, as there were hindrances and limitations arising from different

quarters, the researcher was able together all the necessary information required
for the completion of this project.
 CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

1.0 INTRODUCTION

Unemployment in the Nigerian society could be attributed to continuous rise in

school graduates, which rose as high as 12%. There was increase in rural urban
drift by the said class because of the belief that job opportunities where higher
in urban areas. As a result, too many ugly vices became prevalent in the society.

An initiative to address and combat this ugly trend was taken by the Federal
Government by establishing the National Directorate of Employment (popularly
known as NDE), a body charged with the responsibility of designing
programmes and schemes that would effectively combat unemployment in the
society.

The National Directorate of Employment programmes were aimed at exposing

the affected Nigerian youth to techniques required to manage their own
businesses by having them undergo some period of training in stipulated
programmes.

The broad objectives of the directorate were to promptly and effectively combat
unemployment through the design and implementation of some strategies to
prepare the country’s youth for gainful employment. This was to be achieved
through the provision of training opportunities, guidance and some sort of
finance to the unemployed citizens for creation of jobs for themselves and for
others.

The core programmes of the NDE were targeted at youth employment and
vocational skills development, small scale industries and graduate employment,
and finally agricultural programmes. Some of the core programmes are listed
below:
National Open Apprenticeship Scheme: This involves the provision of basic
skills to some unemployed youths by means of attaching them as apprentices to
companies, ministries, parastatals and professional craftsmen and women.

Waste to Wealth Scheme: This is a program created to encourage the

conversion of hitherto neglected raw materials and other scraps of waste
materials into useful, marketable products. This program imparted some skills
in some of the unemployed youth, who in turn by sheer inventiveness, were able
to use these things like snail shells, cane materials and other scrap materials to
make furniture items household décor objects and etcetera.

Small Scale Industries and Graduate Employment: This program was

designed to aid unemployed Nigerians to set up and run their own businesses. It
comprises of a job centre unit whereby firms and organizations can write to the
agency; stating various vacant positions and posts in their establishments and
also the required minimum qualification an individual must possess in other to
apply for such positions.

The NDE is contracted to assist these firms in their bid to employ qualified
personnel for vacancies within their organization. Thought the National
Directorate of Employment, through its programmes, tries to curb this
phenomenon known as unemployment; it was not designed to eradicate
unemployment entirely, as this would be impossible.

Achievements: The NDE, through some of its programmes have been able o
achieve some set objectives which are:

i. Imparting marketable skills on individuals

ii. Creating the awareness of the fact that the rural urban drift is not the
only solution to unemployment by means of promoting rural
employment opportunities e.g. mechanized agriculture, craftsmanship
etc.
Shortcomings: The establishment of the National Directorate of Employment
by the government of Gen. Ibrahim Babangida can be said to be a lauded
project designed to curb unemployment and its ugly vices in the society but to
some extent. The projects started off well, just as many other projects during the
military regime initially perform well in their early stages. It had good publicity
and was well funded it its early stage. But soon afterwards, say some three years
into its existence, the project started dwindling in its performances. Some
reasons attributed to its low performance and gradual downfall over the years
has been short listed below:

 Financial problems i.e. insufficient funding by its core sponsor the federal
government.

 The lack luster attitude of some of its staff towards organizational objectives.

 The method or system by which the agency carried out its projects

 Lack of adequate publicity

 Very low level of data and information flow within and outside the agency

 The decline in the nation’s economy

 The political instability and unrest witnessed in the country over the years as
a result of successive military regimes

 Late payment of allowances to both trainees and their respective trainers.

The prospects of the National Directorate of Employment could be brighter if

some of the problems facing the establishments are adequately taken care of
such as:

 The reduction of bureaucratic bottlenecks which slows rate of developments

in government establishments.

 Quick disbursement of funds

 Improving the rate at which data and information flow within and outside the
agency, a solution for which the concept of its system of labour assignment
by creating an employment directory cannot be over-emphasized.

2.1 ASSOCIATED BENEFITS

The recruitment of new staff and also the assigning of various staff to various
assignments are handled by the Human Resources element of an organization
otherwise known as the personnel department in most establishments and also
in the N.D.E. The functions of the resource manager or head of the personnel
department, as the case may be, is to supervise the hiring (recruitment), training,
record keeping, payment and termination of appointments in an establishment.
This research project however is purely dedicated in developing a system that
will greatly improve the capabilities of an agency to hire the qualified
individuals for vacant positions and also to assign particular individuals or
professionals to specific job areas in which they are well suited.

2.2 REVIEW OF PREVIOUS WORKS

The theory of employment has to deal with the issue of individuals in the labor
force seeking to gain useful employment either by finding jobs in various
establishments or by starting their own businesses. This theory was propounded
by Pissarides C.A. (1982) in his book titled “Job Search and the Functioning of
Labor Markets”. Robert Kelley defined unemployment as a state whereby an
individual or group of individuals old enough to be in the labor force are not
gainfully employed and as a result are idle.

In his seminar, Okafor U.E. (1989), opined that an individual or group of

individuals in the state are in some measure or another looking for a job. This
research project is based on the general framework that full employment in a
society can only be attained if and only if the employment situation is near the
point where the number of unfilled job vacancies is about the same as the
number of unemployed persons. This is according to two renowned economists
and authors, Thomas Hailstone and Frank Mastriana.

2.3 COMPUTERS IN EMPLOYMENT DELIVERY AND LABOUR

ASSIGNMENT

In this section, we will take a look at the meaning of the concept “labor
assignment system in relation to an “employment directory”. We will also take
a look at other concepts that are aligned with employment and labor assignment.

The use of the computer as a tool in the improvement of job efficiency an

reliability cannot be over emphasized. The computer machine can be defined as
an electronic device used for data input, processing, information storage and
output formatting, as the case may be. There are certain concepts aligned with
the process of using the computer as the basic tool in developing a directory and
also managing a labor assignment system. These concepts are automation,
management, information and system.

2.3.1 AUTOMATION

Automation can be defined as an automatically operation of an apparatus,

processor system by mechanical or electronic devices that take the place of
human organs of observation, effort and decision. According to Dike Dickson
(20000, automation is a process of converting a manual method of an activity
into a mechanical or electronic process or the combination of the three i.e.
human, mechanical and electronic, in such a way that the real data processing is
no longer done manually.

2.3.2 MANAGEMENT

Management, as defined by Agwu Akpala, is the process of combining and

utilizing or of allocating organizational inputs (men, material and in some cases
money) by planning, organizing directing and controlling, for the purpose of
producing output (goods and services) or whatever the objectives desired by the
customers so that the organizational objectives are accomplished.

Decenco and Robbins (1988) opined that while an agreement on the exact
definition for management has but been reached, any definition of management
must include three common factors, namely:

 Goals

 Limited resources and

 People

With reference to the above definitions, goals are the “activities completed”,
limited resources are implied in “efficiency” and people are those in “through
other people”.

2.3.3 INFORMATION

Information can be said to be the output gotten from processing raw data. In
other words, information could be the final and desired output or the needed fact
for further processing or experiments. Information can be looked at as that vital
knowledge needed as a tool in gathering results from a particular field. It could
be all the facts one needs about a particular which will greatly contribute to the
overall problem solution.

2.3.4 SYSTEM

A system can be said to be a group of things or a set of components, ideas,

theories, procedures, etc. working together for which a particular or specific
objective can be achieved.

A system can also be defined as an integration of several components that make

up a unit with each component carrying out a specific task in order to achieve a
common goal of the entire unit.
2.3.5 MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM

Generally, employing computers in the new design (that is the system of

assigning labor vis-à-vis an employment directory) could be referred to as the
development of an management (automated) information system.

This is an orderly and disciplined accounting and report methodology, usually

mechanized, which provides for the accurate recording of data and timely
extrapolation and transmission of management information used in the decision
making process.

An integration of the automated process, management information and system

would provide for matching the abilities of an organization with the existing and
future needs of its customers, to the greatest benefits of both parties. The result
is an exchange whereby the organization increases in its efficiency and thereby
generating more income through meeting of the customers need and the
receiving benefits hat satisfy their expectations. According to the concept of the
university of management functions (Onuoha Chima 1991:7), it is seen from the
diagram below that the objectives of the automated management information
system can very well be expressed in the relationship between effective
planning, controlling, decision making and directing.
 Planning

Decision making Organizing

Controlling

Directing

Figure 2.1: University of Management Functions

2.4 COMPUTER APPLICATION IN GENERAL

The computer is an electronic device that accepts data as input, performs high
speed arithmetic calculations an logic decisions while processing the data, and
finally producing an output in a specific (or required format). The computer
machine has the ability to process data into information at a very high speed.
The computer is broadly divided into three components, namely.

i. The visual display unit or monitor

ii. The keyboard

iii. The system unit

2.4.1 INPUTS

This is information in the form of data that is to be transferred from an external

source or a storage medium into the internal storage of the computer. In the
process of doing this transfer, incoming data is transformed into electronic
patterns suitable for computer processing. The computer has the ability to
accept input into the system. Raw data that requires processing are passed into
the computer machine through various input devices. Some of these devices are
the keyboard, the mouse, microphones and scanners.

2.4.2 OUTPUTS

This involves the transfer of information from the internal storage of a computer
to the secondary or external devices outside the computer. The computer, after
processing the data, outputs the information through certain media for specific
needs of the end user. These outputs can be in the form of ‘soft copy’ i.e.
displayed on the screen of the monitor, or a ‘hard copy’ i.e. printed out on paper
with the aid of a printer. Another example of an output device is the speaker
used for hearing audio sounds.

2.4.3 STORAGE

The computer has some storage facilities within its system unit. These devices
could either be for temporary or permanent basis. Certain peripherals like the
hard disk drive, floppy disks, CD-ROM drives, etc, enable the computer to store
information for easy retrieval at a later time.

2.4.4 CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (CPU)

This is the main brain or the powerhouse of the computer system. It fetches data
from store or memory and stores it therein. It requests instructions from
memory and logic operations specified by the instructions. The CPU can
manipulate address and data as well. The central processing unit is subdivided
into to Arithmetic and logic unit and also the control unit. This unit controls all
the processing of data by the computer and also all the activities of the
computer.

2.5 REASONS FOR AUTOMATING THE SYSTEM

Automating the system as earlier explained entails the use of computer methods
in managing all the resources inherent in the system. It is the use of the
computer to perform certain specific functions such as data input, processing,
storage and output and not to mention networking, the basic tool employed in
the internet technology. Employing the computer as a resource manager in the
new system will make for:

i. Improved management and high quality information dissemination

ii. Higher and quicker response time

iii. Improved accuracy

iv. Reduction in clerical costs

v. Less duplication of operations by individuals

vi. Faster processing and turnaround time.

vii. Lower possibilities of human errors, and many more.

 CHAPTER THREE

M ETHODOLOGY AND SYSTEM ANALYSIS

3.1 Methodologies

Methodology is the study of how to perform scientific research. System

examination, survey and analysis is concerned with the careful study and
understanding of the existing manual system and to identify basic information
requirement. The three main steps in any computer forensic investigation are
acquiring, authenticating, and analyzing of the data. Acquiring the data mainly
involves creating a bit-by-bit copy of the hard drive. Authentication is ensuring
that the copy used to perform the investigation is an exact replica of the contents
of the original hard drive by comparing the checksums of the copy and the
original. Analysis of the data is the most important part of the investigation
since this is where incriminating evidence may be found. This system research
involves an in-depth and thorough study with the operations of the existing
manual system and proposing change to the system.

In this project I will be using, Structured System Analysis and Design

Methodology. Normally, common modelling and diagramming tools are used.

3.2 System Analysis

System investigation is concerned with the careful study and understanding of

the existing system and to identify the basic information requirements. As
previously mentioned, the area of concern as regards investigation is the Job
Centre Unit which takes care of the labor assignment system a sub-section of
the program known as the national open apprenticeship scheme. For this
interest, an automated directory of employees (applicants) would be designed in
order to assist in storing details and facts concerning applicants and their
respective job interests.
However, the record keeping or database of all applicants and trainees is the
exclusive function of the personnel department, for which the job centre is a
unit under the department in charge of performing specific functions pertaining
to employment delivery.

The programmes under review were the national open apprenticeship scheme
(also known NOAS) and the graduate employment scheme. The NOAS is a
programme dedicated to the development of certain vocational skills in some
unemployed youths by attaching them as apprentices to private bodies or public
enterprises as well as master craftsmen. These individuals undergo some period
of training under their temporary employers, say for two to three years, and
after completion of the exercise, are either re-employed into these very
establishments or are however given the necessary materials/assistance to start
up their own business. Such people are entitled to receive low interest loans
form the NDE for which they are to pay back over a given period of time.

The programme, the graduate employment scheme, has to do with the assistance
of the directorate in finding employment for unemployed university graduates.
The scheme comprises of the process whereby the agency could be contracted
by firms in need of individuals who will in turn fill in into certain vacant
positions within their establishment. Graduates are requested to submit their
curriculum vitae(s) which would include all the necessary information a
prospective employer needs in ascertaining the possibilities of employing an
individual. The NDE also assist such companies in conducting tests and
sometimes, job interviews of short listed applicants. These processes make use
of a database of applicants records for which the CVs of such applicants are
stored in files under different subjects. This database is accessed whenever the
agency needs to search for candidates for any of the above mentioned purposes.
Short listed candidates are hence contacted through the address provided by
them in the forms they completed.

3.3 Data Collection

The information needed for the research were collected through direct contact
with the staff under the personnel dept. and also by studying brochures
published by the department over the years. Also data was collected from the
information and public relations unit of the agency. Some of the methods of
data collection employed are;

Primary Data: These are firsthand information collected about the system from
source such as personal interviews, use of structured questionnaires and
observation of operations.

Secondary Data: These are information obtained from existing research done
in this domain, they include information gotten from articles, magazines,
internet and the college library.

3.4 Organization and its environment

The national directorate of employment (NDE) came into existence on

November 22, 1986 and commenced its activities on the 30 th day of January
1987. An enabling decree No. 24 of 1989 was issued giving its legal status. The
directorate was set up by the government of Gen. Ibrahim Babangida in other to
concentrate its efforts on the reactivation of public works promotion of direct
labor, self employment and the encouragement of a culture of maintenance and
repairs. The establishment of the NDE is a manifestation of the desire of the
federal government to address the unhealthy and explosive dimension for which
the unemployment status in the country had taken.

The NDE is supervised by a board whose chairman is the minister of

employment, labour and productivity. The executive head of the directorate is
the director general, under who are other serving directors of divisions state
offices, present in all states including Abuja, are managed by committees of
which are appointed by the honorable minister, other nominees come from the
respective state governments.

3.5 Modus Operandi of the Present System

3.5.1 Input Analysis

The data types are keyed into the system using the input device. The following
fields are entered for a complete record set.

 Date

 Time

 Computer name

 ID

 Username

 Password

3.5.2 Process Analysis

To get a precise output the screen captures are saved in jpeg format while the
process log is saved as a text file in the database. A folder was created where
these file are save to. Once the images are taken they are transferred to the
folder. The necessary data that will be stored in the database are inputed
alongside the dates, time, day, and file format.

3.5.3 Output Analysis

The information will be displayed on the screen showing the result of a

particular query. The record of each activity is captured including the browser
history with date and time. The management or forensic expert can read and
interpret the log of activity each user did on his/her account. This can as well be
printed out on a hard copy.
3.5.4 Data Flow Diagram of the Present System

Individuals & Companies &

the public corporate bodies

Information
and public
relations

Processing of
documents, filing,
printing and forwarding

Staff training Inspectorate

Newspaper

File cabinets
Internal audit

Figure 3.4: Data flow diagram of the present system.

3.6 Problems of the Present System

The area of study for this research project is the function of the Job centre unit
of the NDE secretariat, Owerri. The unit supervises the organization of the two
core programmes for which this research work is based on. The programmes
being the national open apprenticeship scheme and graduate employment
scheme. Forms are given to applicants of any of the two programmes, who are
in turn expected to complete them.

After completing the forms, an individual is expected to submit them including

his/her credentials thereafter undergoing a session of training depending on the
programme of interest.

For the NOAS, the training session cold last for 2-3 years, depending on the
nature of the skill to be acquired. After this course. He/she would then be
expected to submit a feasibility report on the type of business he chooses to
engage in for self employment. The feasibility report must contain amongst
other things, a report showing cost of capital import, over-head cost, projected
production quantity and sales proceeds. This report is then assessed and studied
by the personnel department for onward processing and thereafter, series of
investigation are carried out by the department based on the details of the report.
If after investigation, the agency comes to the conclusion that the individuals is
now competent to establish himself, a loan is then offered him to enable him
start off his intending project. But when the agency does not find him/her
competent the individual is made to go through extra tutorials on how to get
established. For the graduate employment scheme, applicants are contacted
whenever a suitable vacancy is found or if a vacancy already exists, details are
given to him about it and thereafter made to go through the next process which
could be a series of tests or interviews to ascertain whether he/she is qualified
for the job.
A careful analysis of the description of activities above reveals that it is laden
with the following problems;

i. Manual operations
ii. High possibility for inadequacies
iii. The manual process is hectic and stressful
iv. High possibility for data lose, etc.

3.7 The Proposed System

The new system is designed to help the users to electronically perform their
usual routine functions such as collection data, collating data, data processing as
well as storage of information processed. In addition to these, the application
also provides to the user some extra aid in performing his essential duties. These
aids or benefits are in the form of program capabilities. They are:
1. The search: This is a search aid provided in the application that enables
users to search for records of individuals by simply typing the name of the
individual or area of specification for which the individual is associated with.
2. The extended menus: These are menus containing list of function for which
the application can perform. These menus can be found in the menu bar of each
of the applications window. Functions like the file, view, edit and so on can be
found.
3. Printing: The application is capable of printing forms and documents
containing the database or information of individuals registered with the agency
for one reason or the other.
4. Editing: This application provides the facility in which administrative
personnel can edit already saved data at a later time.
Finally, the application is capable of affixing pictures of each individual in the
record amongst saving all other data pertaining to that particular individual.
3.8 High Level Model of the Proposed System
 CHAPTER FOUR

SYSTEM DESIGN

4.1 Objectives of the Design

This section identifies all the modules in the new systems design and the
relationship that exists between them. System design is the process employed to
develop a series of steps with a logical order i.e. developing an algorithm
whereby input is applied to get a specified output. This stage determines the
manner in which program elements relate to one another as regards design.

In the design, the top down method (or approach) of program design was
adopted. Here, the modules were developed in a HIPO chain form i.e. from the
most important module, to the least important module. Each module performs
operations that are distinct from operations of other modules. The program is
written in individual modules which perform specific tasks and all the modules
are integrated together to form a piece of application with different functions
that will suit the need for which of was designed. In other words, all the
modules work together as a system in order to achieve the objectives of an
automated system.
4.2 Data Flow Diagram of the New System

4.2.1 Expanded DFDs to show all the processes and data stores
 Start
4.3 Database Specification
Splash screen
To get a precise output the screen captures are saved in jpeg format while the
process log is saved as a text file in the database. A folder was created where
Security
these file are save to. Once the images are taken they are transferred to the
folder. The necessary data that will be stored in the database are inputed
Welcome screen
alongside the dates, time, day, and file format.

The database tool used for this system is MySQL database management system
Main menu

because of its robustness and the flexibility of integrating it to web based

applications such as employment directory and labour assignment system which
Register Search View records Exit
this project focuses on.

The database
Figurefor
4.0:the system
Program was designed using MySQL database and is hosted
Structure
on wamp server.

4.4 Program Module Specification

4.1 PROGRAM MODULES SPECIFICATION

This is the listing of all the modules written in the course of developing the
automated system. Below is a table showing the module names and their
descriptions.
S/No Module Name Description
.
1. formSplash This is the module designed to load a splash
screen it displays the title of the application
2. FormLogin This is a module that shows the password
security window. It allows the user to input
his/her password before gaining access into the
program proper as well as applications database.
3. Formwelcome This is the module specifically written to load a
welcome screen, welcoming the user into he
application in other to perform the main menu
 routines.
4. Formreg This loads the registration form for the national
open apprentices scheme program on request
5. Form_applic This module presents the platform whereby the
user can enter the details contained in previously
filled application forms by individuals who
apply for in anticipation of related vacancies.
6. formInfo This is a module designed to show details about
each registered individual
7. formContats This shows the database of all contacts –
companies, corporate bodies or agencies, which
in one way require the assistance of the NDE
8. employment.SQL MySQL database.

4.5 Input and Output Specification

4.5.1 Output Specification

The information will be displayed on the screen showing the result of a

particular query. The record of each activity is captured including the browser
history with date and time. The management or forensic expert can read and
interpret the log of activity each user did on his/her account. This can as well be
printed out on a hard copy.

4.5.2 Input Specification

In designing the input interface, of which the input form is one, a data structure
that binds the input data to a table was drawn. The binding was done by simply
using the form objects to relate the respective fields as contained in the database
design.

4.6 Algorithms

<?php require_once('includes/db.php');
if(isset($mysqli,$_POST['submit'])){

$username = mysqli_real_escape_string($mysqli,$_POST['username']);

$password = mysqli_real_escape_string($mysqli,$_POST['password']);

// $password=md5($password);

$query1=mysqli_query($mysqli,"SELECT
username,password,type,permission,name,surname FROM users");

while($row=mysqli_fetch_array($query1))

$db_name=$row["name"];

$db_surname=$row["surname"];

$db_username=$row["username"];

$db_password=$row["password"];

$db_type=$row["type"];

$db_per=$row["permission"];

if($username==$db_username && $password==$db_password){

session_start();

$_SESSION["username"]=$db_username;

$_SESSION["type"]=$db_type;

$_SESSION["permission"]=$db_per;

$_SESSION["name"]=$db_name;

$_SESSION["surname"]=$db_surname;
 if($_SESSION["type"]=='user'){

header("Location:admin/dashboard.php");

?>
4.7 System Flowchart

Start

Collect data

Blanks are not allowed

Ye
s
Any
data
No
Ye
s
Nam
e

Send a data file

Employment mdb

Quit?
Yes

Stop

Fig. 3.4 System Flowchart

4.8 Program Flowchart

Start

Input password

No
Valid
password
before 30
Y
e

Perform main menu routine

End
4.9 Data Dictionary

The data dictionary for the employment directory and labour assignment system
is given below;

Table 1: Database data dictionary

Table 2: Courses

Table 3: Students
4.10 Choice of Programming Language Platform

In developing a system that requires a high level sensitivity such as this one, a
language that simplifies thing was necessary for use. This was the reason for
choosing the PHP for scripting, HTML, with few elements of DHTML and CSS
for Interface design and styling. SQL was chosen for programming the
database.
 CHAPTER FIVE

SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION AND DOCUMENTATION

5.1 System Implementation

Here, the design stage is transformed into program codes. This phase is
computer and compiler specific. It is the stage whereby the developer actually
writes out program codes that will carry out all instructions to be performed by
the system. In other words, output documents of the design stage are converted
into program instructions in this stage.

However, to successfully build and implement this new system, a number of

things are very necessary and are much needed/required to be in place. These
requirements can be sub-grouped into hardware and software requirements.

5.2 Hardware Requirements

For the effective and efficient implementation of this application, there are some
minimum hardware requirements that are necessary for the program to function
without problems. For a smooth computer execution, the program requires.

i. A Pentium processor (or any equivalent processor) of common speeds

of 200 MHz or above. Intel’s Pro chip is also ideal for computers that
use powerful operating systems such as windows NT and UNIX
Pentium pro chips are available with speeds of 200 MHZ and above.

ii. The computer should be equipped with a minimum disk memory

(RAM) of 1GB or higher.

Other hardware requirements are a monitor of a high resolution for viewing

data, a standard keyboard and mouse for data input a CD-ROM and floppy disks
drives for external storage. The system may also have other peripheral attached
to it depending on the desire and financial power of the operators. Such
peripherals could be printers, scanners and a modern (for internet connectivity).
It can also posses a network card if the users intend to use the computer within a
wide area network (WAN), for easy accessing of the database from other
remote computers.

5.3 Software Requirements

The software required for the implementation of this system include;

1. Windows 7 and later with Wamp server installed

2. Internet Explorer or Mozilla Firefox

5.4 Installation arrangements

The system was implemented using Wamp server as a local host. The
implementation began with the site definition, which involves the following
steps Planning, Chose a browser, Organize the structure, under which you have
to choose a folder and a folder structure that would be used to store the site
files. This also determined the server that would be used, for instance, remote
server or Local server. After the site was defined, the next step of the
implementation phase was to translate the design into the required forms, and
all the tables required in the database were built and the data binding done with
the PHP code and sql language.

5.5 Testing

5.5.1 Unit testing

This is the process of testing and verifying that the system developed functions
as planned. After compilation, the system is tested to see whether the resulting
output matches with the intended output for the program. Also, it is compared to
check whether of produces correct results. Finally, it is proved that the program
built solves the problem that was described in the requirement definition.
5.5.2 Test Data

The test tool adopted in this project is the white box testing approach. The code-
testing strategy examines the logic of the program. To follow this testing
method, the analyst develops test cases that result in executing every instruction
in the program or module so that every path through the program is tested. A
path is a specific combination of conditions that is handled by the program.
Code testing does not check the range of data that the program will accept.

• Exercises all logical decisions on their true or false sides.

• Executes all loops at their boundaries and within these operational

bounds.

5.5.3 Test Result

Analysis is a key evaluation step that begins to make meaning of the evaluation
data collected from the system development process. Reporting the subsequent
evaluation results is an important step in documenting findings and staying
accountable. At the end of the development process, the evolution of the system
was done first by the developer and then the project supervisor and coordinator.
The evaluation revealed a 95% adherence to design principles and also a good
attempt in achieving all the requirements for a good intelligent traffic
information system.

5.4 Training arrangements

The users of the employment directory and labour assignment system are
mainly students and lecturers. To use this software, the following steps must be
followed;

1. Open your browser

2. Type the address of the home page at the address bar

3. Use the hyper links to navigate around the web portal
5.5 Conversion arrangements

This is the process of switching over to the newly designed system of operation
from the existing manual method of operation. It entails all the information
contained in registration forms, application forms or other requests, being
entered into the programs database by typing directly into the computer’s this
can be achievable b typing all data into the computer by the use of the keyboard,
mouse or downloading directly from the internet, the computer is now
employed to manage data input, processing, distribution as well as providing
storage facilities. In other words, all data manipulation and management are
strictly performed with the aid of the computer

5.7 System documentation

Forensic Security and Monitoring system 1.0 is a web based system for
monitoring and reporting security issues in Petals chemical storehouse, the
system would require a localhost such as Wamp or Xampp to host it locally and
the program interface would be executed on a web browser. The following
operations need to be carried out the first time you are setting up the system;

1. Install a local server (Wamp or Xampp) if you do not already have one

2. Copy the program folder to the htdocs folder if you’re hosting on Xampp
while in Wamp you’ll copy it to the WWW folder.

3. Run the localhost and enable Apache and MySQL services

4. Visit the localhost/admin page to set up the database of the system

5. Import the database file to create all the necessary tables

6. Launch your browser after the setup

7. Type localhost/name of the folder you copied earlier.

 CHAPTER SIX

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

6.1 Summary

The evolution of information technology (I.T) over the years has grown
tremendously such that business systems need to meet up to the standard
expectations and challenges posed to them by the growth of information
technology.

In a bid to catch up with the pace at which information dissemination is moving

globally, the system should be able to move with time i.e. to be dynamic in
other to move with the trend. This will go a long way to improve information
and data processing which in turn will reduce operational work load, increase
productivity and cash flow within the organization.

The concept of automation has been discussed at length as an automatically

controlled operation of an apparatus, processor system by mechanical or
electronic devices that take the place of human organs of observation, effort and
decision. In other words, electronic devices such as the computer have been
employed in the design and implementation of the new system through a
smooth change over procedure from a series of manual operations to an
automated system of operation.

There is no doubt that the newly designed system is a typical example of an

information system. It is an information based system in the sense that the
design of the system is based on the concept of information management, hence,
its functionality all depends on how the system collects, processes, stores
retrieves and distributes information within in outside the agency. In clear
terms, the system can be said to be designed to effectively assist the agency in
managing and controlling information that is needed for the day to day
operations of the establishment.
The employment directory is a database management application that provides
easy access to information preciously stored in the system. This information is
about individuals who for the purpose of finding or gaining employment
approached the employment agency, in this case the NDE, in anticipation of
their assistance in finding suitable employments to their benefits.

6.1.2 Achievements

At the end of this project we were able to develop a web based application. The
written program or the developed application for the new system was designed
to be user friendly i.e. easy to use and has also been proven to be highly
efficient. The competitive advantage of the application over some of its
contemporaries is the fact that the application, although being industry specific,
ca be employed within various organizations or establishments other than the
national directorate of employment or any other employment agency. It is
specially built to suit all labor assignments conducted in various fields under
any particular programme. This is an advantage of the application that is
attributed to its flexibility and portability of the designed application.

6.1.3 Contribution to ICT body of knowledge

This project can be applied in any organization seeking to automate the

activities of employment directory and job assignment, be it an institution of
learning, banks, business organizations, factories, commercial farms, etc.

6.2 Conclusion

This research project, right from its inception, is dedicated to the solution of the
problems evident in the course of assisting the public (unemployed) in finding
job vacancies meant to be occupied. Also, it also plays a major role in the area
of enabling the agency to allocate individuals to specific trades based on their
potentials, hence the development of the directory. The advantages of the
automated system cannot be overemphasized in the field of job allocation. It has
made work a lot easier and reduced manpower and personnel/human time input.
Its merits over the manual system of operation have been analyzed and x-rayed,
pointing out areas that need to be taken seriously such as time to tome
maintenance and documentation.

6.3 Recommendations

This research work cannot be complete without the implementation of the

application that provides the platform or background in which the system can be
automated. The software/application after implementation has to be maintained
from time to time. This entails the upgrading of some of its features that would
suit some additional requests made by the agency making use of the system.
This can be done by the original developer (the researcher) or any other
experienced programmer versed with knowledge skills in the programming
language used in writing the sources codes. This is an attribute made possible
by the architecture of the program and also for the fact that there is a well and
properly written piece of documentation that came with the application.
Maintenance also entails debugging the system from time to time, in order to
free the system of harmful viruses that could be injurious to the entire system.
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