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Class3 Notes

This document discusses completing the problem-solving process and getting started with C++ programming. It covers coding an algorithm into a C++ program, desk-checking the program, evaluating and modifying it, and the components of a C++ program. Key aspects include using data types and streams for input/output, debugging syntax and logic errors, and compiling source code into an executable file.

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Justin Ramon
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40 views18 pages

Class3 Notes

This document discusses completing the problem-solving process and getting started with C++ programming. It covers coding an algorithm into a C++ program, desk-checking the program, evaluating and modifying it, and the components of a C++ program. Key aspects include using data types and streams for input/output, debugging syntax and logic errors, and compiling source code into an executable file.

Uploaded by

Justin Ramon
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CIS 3100

Programming with C++


Professor ENNOURE

Completing the Problem-Solving Process


and Getting Started with C++
Objectives

• Code an algorithm into a program


• Desk-check a program
• Evaluate and modify a program
• Understand the components of a C++ program
• Create a C++ program

2
Objectives (continued)

• Save, build, and execute a C++ program


• Locate and fix an error in a C++ program
• Print a C++ program
• Make a backup copy of a solution

3
Concept Lesson

• More on the Problem-Solving Process


• Coding the Algorithm into a Program
• Desk-Checking the Program
• Evaluating and Modifying the Program
• Creating a C++ Program

4
More on the Problem-Solving Process

5
Coding the Algorithm into a Program

6
Assigning Names, Data Types, and
Initial Values to the IPO Items
• To code algorithm, first assign a name to each input,
processing, and output item in IPO chart
– Names can contain only letters, numbers, and _
– Cannot contain punctuation characters or spaces
– Examples:
• raise usually in lowercase letters
• newPay use camel case if name contains multiple words
– Each input/processing/output item must have a data
type
– You may initialize each item

7
Assigning Names, Data Types, and Initial
Values to the IPO Items (continued)
double is a keyword

this is a statement

all C++ statements must


end with a semicolon
8
Translating the Algorithm Steps into
C++ Code

cout: standard output stream


cin: standard input stream
<<: insertion operator
>>: extraction operator

stream: sequence of characters, to


perform standard I/O operations

a stream manipulator

9
Desk-Checking the Program

10
Desk-Checking the Program
(continued)

11
Desk-Checking the Program
(continued)

12
Evaluating and Modifying the Program

• Testing is running the program, with sample data


– Results should agree with desk-check ones
• Debugging is locating/removing errors in program
– Program errors are called bugs
• A syntax error occurs if an instruction violates the
programming language’s syntax (set of rules)
– E.g., cout < "Hello";
• A logic error occurs if an instruction does not give
the expected results
– E.g., average = number1 + number2 / 2;
13
Creating a C++ Program
created using an IDE
or a general-purpose source file: Ch3Lab2.cpp
editor

object file: Ch3Lab2.obj

executable file: Ch3Lab2.exe

14
Creating a C++ Program (continued)

15
Summary
• Fourth step in the problem-solving process is to code
the algorithm into a program
• In C++, you perform standard I/O operations using
streams (sequences of characters)
– cout and cin
– Insertion operator (<<) sends data to output stream
– Extraction operator (>>) gets data from input stream
• After coding the algorithm, you desk-check program
• Final step in the problem-solving process is to
evaluate and modify (if necessary) the program
16
Summary (continued)
• Some programs have errors, called bugs
– Syntax error occurs when an instruction violates one
of the rules of the programming language’s syntax
– Logic error occurs when you enter an instruction that
does not give you the expected results
– You debug to locate and remove errors
• To create and execute a C++ program, you need to
have a text editor and a C++ compiler
– Compiler translates source code into object code
– Linker produces executable file

17
Summary (continued)

• Comments are internal documentation of programs


• C++ programs typically include at least one
directive
• using statements tell compiler where it can find
the definition of certain keywords
• A function is a block of code that performs a task
– main() is where the execution of program begins
• The first line in a function is called the header
– After the header comes the body, enclosed in braces

18

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