PROJECT NUMBER PSU330 by date

WORK PACKAGE ELEC Prepared A Cahyono 30/03/2016

ELEMENT CAL Checked H De Wet 31/03/2016
REVISION A Comments
FILE NAME Revised

CLIENT NAME RIO TINTO IRON ORE

PROJECT DESCRIPTION Cape Lambert Power Station
CALCULATION DESCRIPTION 11kV & 415 V Protection CT Sizing Calculations

Scope

This document calculates and specifies the protection current transformer (CT) requirements for
the 11/0.433kV unit auxiliary transformer (UAT) at Cape Lambert Power Station.

Purpose

1. To identify suitable CT ratios

2. To determine the knee point voltage requirement for high speed transformer protection schemes i.e. LV REF

Reference Documents

1. Olex Low Voltage Cable Catalogue

2. AS 60044.1-2003 Part 1 : Current Transformers
3. 220kV Cape Lambert Substation Single Line Diagram : CL-5510-VE-02229
4. Cape Lambert Power Station HV Protection Key Diagram : CL-5510-VE-02330
5. Cape Lambert Power Station Site Plant Layout : CL-5510-VM-00591
6. ABB RET670 Application Manual : Doc ID 1MRK 504 116-UEN B, Section 2.1.5.

Method of Calculation

1. CT numbers and locations are based on the attached Cape Lambert Power Station HV Protection Key Diagram
2. Distance between the CTs and the protective relays required for the lead resistance calculations
are assumed based on the proposed general power plant arrangement layout drawing.
3. System fault levels are as per the DigSilent Simulation - Maximum Cases, Design Creteria and through fault currents.
4. The exact CT requirements shall be derived from protection relay manuals. RET630 manuals only mention
CT requirements for non-unit protection only and in fact RET630 will undertake differential protection, thus more stringent
CT requirements prescribed by RET670 relay manual will be adopted. For accurate relay operations,
the following formulas shall be used and both shall be met;

Eal ≥ Ealreq = 30.Int. (Isn/Ipn).(RCT+RL+Sr/I2r) Equation (1)

and
Eal ≥ Ealreq = 2.Itf. (Isn/Ipn).(RCT+RL+Sr/I2r) Equation (2)

where,
Eal = CT secondary knee point voltage (V)
Ealreq = Minimum required stability voltage (V)
Int = Rated primary current of the power transformer (A)
Itf = Maximum primary through fault current from which stability is required (A)
Isn = Secondary CT current (A)
Ipn = Primary CT Current (A)
RCT = CT secondary winding resistance
RL = Total lead resistance between the CT and the protection relay
Sr = Total relay burden, Sr=0.020 VA/channel for Ir=1A.
Ir = Rated Current of the protection relay

Calculations

1. CT Class Selection
Under internal short circuit conditions the differential CT shall faithfully transform the primary currents
and remain stable during external faults. Due to heavy fault currents on the 11kV side of the transformer
and large contribution from the power generations, therefore the transformer differential schemes demand superior
performance from the CTs, without exception PX class CTs are used.

2. 11kV CT Ratio Selection

Two requirements when selecting CT ratio for transformer differential protection. First, HV CT ratio shall be the next
preferred value above the maximum continuous current rating of the transformer. Second, the LV ratio should be selected

CLPS - Protection CT Sizing Calculations Rev A.xlsx

printed: 31/03/2016 page 1 of 5
PROJECT NUMBER PSU330 by date
WORK PACKAGE ELEC Prepared A Cahyono 30/03/2016
ELEMENT CAL Checked H De Wet 31/03/2016
REVISION A Comments
FILE NAME Revised

CLIENT NAME RIO TINTO IRON ORE

PROJECT DESCRIPTION Cape Lambert Power Station
CALCULATION DESCRIPTION 11kV & 415 V Protection CT Sizing Calculations

to meet the protection relay's CT mismatch range.

Full load current of the 2.2MVA transformer can be calculated as follows;
Ifull load tx = 2.2MVA / (√3*11kV)
= 115.5 Amp @ 11 kV
= 3060.7 Amp @ 0.415 kV

In order to cope heavy fault currents at the 11kV side of the transformer strengthen and bigger CT is required.
AS 2374.7 - Table 1 states that for Medium Power Transformers, it can be loaded up to 1.5 times of the nominal
rated current under Long-Time Emergency Cyclic Loading (LTER) , therefore HV CT primary rating will selected base
on this consideration.
ILTER Tx = 1.5*Ifull load tx
= 173.2 Amp @ 11 kV

The available CT ratio is 1000/1A. This CT is about 12.7 times higer than the nominal current of the UAT.

Primary (A) Secondary (A)

HV Winding (11kV) = 1000 1

3. 415V CT Ratio Selection

LV CT ration shall be stable under through fault currents and capable to carry the maximum continous current of the
UAT. The maximum continuous current to flow the CTs.

Ifull load tx = 3060.7 Amp @ 0.415 kV

The available ratio on the 0.415kV CTs is 2000/1 or about 96% of the UAT rated current.

Primary (A) Secondary (A)

LV Winding (0.415kV) = 4000 1

4. Mismatch Ratio
The CT mismatch ratio is defined as:
CT mismatch (HV-LV) = (CTHV*TXHV)/(CTLV*TXLV)
= (1000*11kV)/(4000*0.415kV)
= 6.63

Although protection relay could cater a CT mismatch of 7, minimum different pickup will be compromised and 1000/1
and 4000/1 CT ratios for HV and LV winding can be retained and used for this application.

5. CT Knee Point Voltage Requirement

5.1 11kV CT Knee Point Voltage and CT Secondary Resistance Requirements

The current transformers requirements are based on the maximum fault current for fault in the different locations. For 11kV
CTs the maximum fault current will be at the 11kV busbar. Power system modelling DigSilent using 2019 Model shows
the maximum 3-ph short circuit current at the Cape Lambert Power Station 11kV bus is 41.87 kA and phase to ground fault currnet is
limited up to 5 A at 11kV.

Through fault current assuming, the transformer impedance is 12.6% @ 2.2MVA and transformer is connected to an
infinite bus;
Itx through fault 3p (11kV) = TX MVA /(sqrt3*11kV*ZTx)
= 916.4 Amp @ 11 kV

Itx through fault 3p (0.415kV) = TX MVA /(sqrt3*0.415kV*ZTx)

= 24290.9 Amp @ 0.415kV

The knee point calculations start from determining the length of the secondary wire from the CTs to the relays, identify
cable size and relay burden. A 4.0 mm2 cable is believed to be used for this application which meets the knee point voltage
requirements.

CLPS - Protection CT Sizing Calculations Rev A.xlsx

printed: 31/03/2016 page 2 of 5
PROJECT NUMBER PSU330 by date
WORK PACKAGE ELEC Prepared A Cahyono 30/03/2016
ELEMENT CAL Checked H De Wet 31/03/2016
REVISION A Comments
FILE NAME Revised

CLIENT NAME RIO TINTO IRON ORE

PROJECT DESCRIPTION Cape Lambert Power Station
CALCULATION DESCRIPTION 11kV & 415 V Protection CT Sizing Calculations

Estimated Cable Length (L) 100 meters

Cable Size 4 mm2
Lead Resistance ( R ) 0.0046 ohm/meter As per Olex-Product Handbook 2013-2014 Page 91
Rleads = (2 x L x R) 0.92 ohms
Rrelay = (Sr/I2r) 0.02 ohm
Ifault 41.87 kA Max S/C based on 2019 DigSilent Model
RCT 2.5 ohms
X/R Ratio 16.51 Base on DigSilent 2019 Model
CTR = (Isn/Ipn) 1000

The performance of the CTs will now be compared with the relay requirements. According to the ABB RET670
relay manual the CT requirements for correct operation and restraint are to be calculated based on Equations 1&2 .

Eal ≥ Ealreq = 30.Ifull load tx. (Isn/Ipn).(RCT+RL+Sr/I2r) Equation (1)

Eal ≥ Ealreq = 11.9 Volt

and

Eal ≥ Ealreq = 2.Itf. (Isn/Ipn).(RCT+RL+Sr/I2r) Equation (2)

Eal ≥ Ealreq = 288.1 Volt

For a maximum short circuit current of 41.87kA, the minimum knee point requirement of 288 Volts shall be achieved.
The specified 11kV CTs have a knee point of 1000V and hence they will not saturate during through faults.

Therefore, the proposed HV CT protection of 0.05PX1000R2.5 is satisfactory for high speed protection requirements
for present development and ultimate configuration.

5.2 LV Neutral CT Knee Point Voltage and CT Secondary Resistance Requirements

Neutral CT must be stable and free of saturation during internal faults. For an internal fault simetrical component is drawn to show the
zero sequence impedances of the transformer (Z0tx) and 11kV network (Z0sys). The UAT zero impedance has been assumed to be 80% of
the positive impedance. Z0tx = 0.8*0.1 = 0.08 whilst Z0sys is 0 ohm (i.e. infinite bus).

Itx through fault 1ph (0.415kV) =3*TX MVA /(sqrt3*0.415kV*(2*ZTx+Z0tx))

= 26026.0 Amp @ 0.415 kV

CLPS - Protection CT Sizing Calculations Rev A.xlsx

printed: 31/03/2016 page 3 of 5
PROJECT NUMBER PSU330 by date
WORK PACKAGE ELEC Prepared A Cahyono 30/03/2016
ELEMENT CAL Checked H De Wet 31/03/2016
REVISION A Comments
FILE NAME Revised

CLIENT NAME RIO TINTO IRON ORE

PROJECT DESCRIPTION Cape Lambert Power Station
CALCULATION DESCRIPTION 11kV & 415 V Protection CT Sizing Calculations

Estimated Cable Length (L) 100 meters

Cable Size 4 mm2
Lead Resistance ( R ) 0.0046 ohm/meter As per Olex-Product Handbook Page 88
Rleads = (2 x L x R) 0.92 ohms
Rrelay = (Sr/I2r) 0.02 ohm
Ifault 26.0 kA @ 0.415kV
RCT 10 ohms Refer to schemetic drawings
CTR = (Isn/Ipn) 4000

The performance of the CTs will now be compared with the relay requirements. According to the ABB RET615
relay manual the CT requirements for correct operation and restraint are to be calculated based on Equations 1&2 .

Eal ≥ Ealreq = 30.Int. (Isn/Ipn).(RCT+RL+Sr/I2r) Equation (1)

Eal ≥ Ealreq = 251.1 Volt

and

Eal ≥ Ealreq = 2.Itf. (Isn/Ipn).(RCT+RL+Sr/I2r) Equation (2)

Eal ≥ Ealreq = 142.4 Volt

The minimum knee point required by ABB RET630 relay is 251.1 Volts.

Therefore, the proposed neutral CT of 2000/1, 0.05PX460R9.6 is acceptable and satisfies high speed protection requirements.

5.3 LV CT Knee Point Voltage Requirement

Knee point requirements for LV protection CTs will be designed base on the through fault currents in the event of a fault takes place
on the 415V busbar.

Transformer through fault current is calculated based the UAT rated capacity 2.2MVA and Xtx=12.6%@2.2MVA for transformer impedance.

Itx through fault (0.415kV) = Tx MVA /(sqrt3*0.415kV*Xtx)

= 24290.9 Amp @ 0.415kV

Estimated Cable Length (L) 100 meters

Cable Size 4 mm2
Lead Resistance ( R ) 0.0046 ohm/meter As per Olex-Product Handbook Page 88
Rleads = (2 x L x R) 0.92 ohms
Rrelay = (Sr/I2r) 0.02 ohm
Ifault (Tx&Gen through fault currents) 24.3 kA @ 0.415kV
RCT 10 ohms Based on CT data sheets
CTR = (Isn/Ipn) 4000

The performance of the CTs will now be compared with the relay requirements. According to the ABB RET670 technical
application manual the CT requirements for correct operation and restraint are to be calculated based on Equations 1&2 .

Eal ≥ Ealreq = 30.Int. (Isn/Ipn).(RCT+RL+Sr/I2r) Equation (1)

Eal ≥ Ealreq = 251.1 Volt

and

Eal ≥ Ealreq = 2.Itf. (Isn/Ipn).(RCT+RL+Sr/I2r) Equation (2)

Eal ≥ Ealreq = 132.9 Volt

The minimum knee point required by ABB RET630 relay is 251.1 Volts.

CT knee point of 420V will meet high speed protection requirements under transient conditions and ensure free saturation for differential
protection to pickup and trip on the innitial fault current.

CLPS - Protection CT Sizing Calculations Rev A.xlsx

printed: 31/03/2016 page 4 of 5
PROJECT NUMBER PSU330 by date
WORK PACKAGE ELEC Prepared A Cahyono 30/03/2016
ELEMENT CAL Checked H De Wet 31/03/2016
REVISION A Comments
FILE NAME Revised

CLIENT NAME RIO TINTO IRON ORE

PROJECT DESCRIPTION Cape Lambert Power Station
CALCULATION DESCRIPTION 11kV & 415 V Protection CT Sizing Calculations

Therefore, the proposed CT 0.05PX420R10 @ 2000/1 for LV UAT protection is acceptable and satisfy for LV REF and
other LV non-unit protection functions.

6. Conclusions

Transformer protection CTs specified in the HV Protection Key Diagrams, CL-5510-VE-02330 and CL-5510-VE-02331&02352 are
acceptable and meet the protection requirements for the present and future developments.

11kV PCM MV
Core No Ratio Specification Purpose Location
1 1000/1 0.05PX1000R2.5 HV OC 11kV PCM MV

415V UAT
Core No Ratio Specification Purpose Location
UAT LV Neutral
1 4000/1 0.05PX420R10 LV REF
Bushing

415V MCC
Core No Ratio Specification Purpose Location
LV REF & LV
1 4000/1 0.05PX420R10 MCC LV Incomer
OC,EF

CLPS - Protection CT Sizing Calculations Rev A.xlsx

printed: 31/03/2016 page 5 of 5