23V, 2.5A, 340Khz Synchronous Step-Down DC/DC Converter: Description Features

Download as pdf or txt
Download as pdf or txt
You are on page 1of 14

fitipower integrated technology lnc.

FR9886
85T
23V, 2.5A, 340KHz Synchronous Step-Down
DC/DC Converter

Description Features
The FR9886 is a synchronous step-down DC/DC ● High Efficiency up to 96%
converter that provides wide 4.5V to 23V input ● Low Rds(on) Integrated Power MOSFET
voltage range and 2.5A continuous load current ● Internal Compensation Function
capability. ● Wide Input Voltage Range: 4.5V to 23V
● Adjustable Output Voltage from 0.925V to 20V
The FR9886 fault protection includes cycle-by-cycle ● 2.5A Output Current
current limit, UVLO, output overvoltage protection ● Fixed 340KHz Switching Frequency
and thermal shutdown. The adjustable soft-start ● Current Mode Operation
function prevents inrush current at turn-on. This ● Adjustable Soft-Start
device uses current mode control scheme which ● Cycle-by-Cycle Current Limit
provides fast transient response. Internal ● Over-Temperature Protection with Auto Recovery
compensation function reduces external ● Output Overvoltage Protection
compensation components and simplifies the design ● Under Voltage Lockout
process. In shutdown mode, the supply current is ● <1μA Shutdown Current
less than 1μA. ● SOP-8 and SOP-8 Exposed Pad Packages
The FR9886 is available in a SOP-8/SOP-8 exposed
pad package, and provides good thermal Applications
conductance.
● STB (Set-Top-Box)
● LCD Display, TV
● Distributed Power System
● Networking, XDSL Modem

Pin Assignments Ordering Information


SO Package (SOP-8) FR9886□□□
TR: Tape/Reel

BOOST 1 8 SS G: Green
VIN 2 7 SHDN
LX 3 6 NC Package Type
4 5 FB SO: SOP-8
GND
SP: SOP-8 (Exposed Pad)

SP Package (SOP-8 Exposed Pad)

BOOST 1 8 SS
VIN 2 7 SHDN
LX 3 6 NC
GND 4 5 FB

Figure 1. Pin Assignment of FR9886

FR9886-1.1-JAN-2012 1
fitipower integrated technology lnc. FR9886
85T
Typical Application Circuit
C4
R3 0.1μF
100kΩ

7 1
SHDN BOOST L1
4.7μH
2
VIN VIN LX 3 VOUT
4.5V to 23V 1.2V
C1 FR9886 R1 C6 C2
10μF/25V
3kΩ (optional) 22μF/6.3V
CERAMIC x 2
6 NC 5 CERAMIC x 2
FB

GND SS
R2
4 8 10kΩ
C3
0.1μF

Figure 2. CIN /COUT use Ceramic Capacitors Application Circuit

C4
R3 0.1μF
100kΩ

7 1
SHDN BOOST L1
4.7μH
VIN
2 3 VOUT
VIN LX
1.2V
4.5V to 23V

C5
FR9886 C6 C2
C1 R1 (optional)
0.1μF/25V 100μF/6.3V
100μF/25V 3kΩ
CERAMIC x 1 6 5 EC x 1
EC x 1 NC FB

GND SS
R2
4 8 10kΩ
C3
0.1μF

Figure 3. CIN /COUT use Electrolytic Capacitors Application Circuit

VOUT R1 R2 C6 L1 COUT
1.2V 3kΩ 10kΩ 10pF~1nF 4.7μH 22μF MLCC x2
1.8V 9.53kΩ 10kΩ 10pF~1nF 4.7μH 22μF MLCC x2
2.5V 16.9kΩ 10kΩ 10pF~1nF 10μH 22μF MLCC x2
3.3V 26.1kΩ 10kΩ 10pF~1nF 10μH 22μF MLCC x2
5V 44.2kΩ 10kΩ 10pF~1nF 10μH 22μF MLCC x2
1.2V 3kΩ 10kΩ -- 4.7μH 100μF EC x1
1.8V 9.53kΩ 10kΩ -- 4.7μH 100μF EC x1
2.5V 16.9kΩ 10kΩ -- 10μH 100μF EC x1
3.3V 26.1kΩ 10kΩ -- 10μH 100μF EC x1
5V 44.2kΩ 10kΩ -- 10μH 100μF EC x1

Table 1. Recommended Component Values

FR9886-1.1-JAN-2012 2
fitipower integrated technology lnc. FR9886
85T
Functional Pin Description
I/O Pin Name Pin No. Pin Function

Voltage Feedback Input Pin. Connect FB and VOUT with a resistive voltage divider. This IC
I FB 5
senses feedback voltage via FB and regulates it at 0.925V.

I VIN 2 Power Supply Input Pin. Drive VIN pin by 4.5V to 23V voltage to power on the chip.

Enable Input Pin. This pin is a digital control input that turns the converter on or off. Connect to
I 7
VIN with a 100KΩ resistor for self-startup.

I GND 4 Ground Pin. Connect GND to exposed pad.

O LX 3 Power Switching Output. LX is the output of the internal high side NMOS switch.

Soft-Start Pin. SS controls the soft-start period. Connect a capacitor from SS to GND to set the
O SS 8
soft start period.
High Side Gate Drive Boost Pin. A 10nF or greater capacitor must be connected from this pin to
O BOOST 1
LX. It can boost the gate drive to fully turn on the internal high side NMOS.

O NC 6 No connection.

Block Diagram

VIN

ISEN Internal
UVLO VCC OTP
Regulator
& VCC
SHDN
POR
1M
OVP
Oscillator

BOOST

6µA High-Side
S MOSFET
FB Current R PWM Driver
LX
Comp Control Logic
OTP
SS
OVP
UVLO Low-Side
0.925V MOSFET

Current
Limit

GND

Figure 4. Block Diagram of FR9886

FR9886-1.1-JAN-2012 3
fitipower integrated technology lnc. FR9886
85T
Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note1)
● Supply Voltage VIN ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -0.3V to +25V
● Enable Voltage VSH N
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -0.3V to +25V
● LX Voltage VLX (50ns) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -1V to VIN+0.3V
● BOOST Pin Voltage VBOOST ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- VLX-0.3V to VLX+6V
● All Other Pins Voltage -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -0.3V to +6V
● Maximum Junction Temperature (T J) ------------------------------------------------------------------- +150°C
● Storage Temperature (TS) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -65°C to +150°C
● Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10sec.) ----------------------------------------------------------------- +260°C
● Power Dissipation @TA=25°C, (PD) (Note2)
SOP-8 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1.39 W
SOP-8 (Exposed Pad) -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2.08 W
● Package Thermal Resistance, (θJA):
SOP-8 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 90°C/W
SOP-8 (Exposed Pad) -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 60°C/W
● Package Thermal Resistance, (θJC):
SOP-8 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 39°C/W
SOP-8 (Exposed Pad) -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 15°C/W
Note 1:Stresses beyond this listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device.
2
Note 2:PCB heat sink copper area = 10mm .

Recommended Operating Conditions


● Supply Voltage VIN ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- +4.5V to +23V
● Enable Voltage VSH N ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0V to VIN
● Operation Temperature Range --------------------------------------------------------------------------- -40°C to +85°C

FR9886-1.1-JAN-2012 4
fitipower integrated technology lnc. FR9886
85T
Electrical Characteristics
(VIN=12V, TA=25°C, unless otherwise specified.)
Parameter Symbol Conditions Min Typ Max Unit

VIN Input Supply Voltage VIN 4.5 23 V

VIN Quiescent Current IDDQ VSH N


=1.8V, VFB=1.0V 2.5 mA

VIN Shutdown Supply Current ISD VSH N


=0V 1 μA

Feedback Voltage VFB 4.5V≦VIN≦23V 0.9 0.925 0.95 V

Feedback OVP Threshold Voltage VOVP 1.5 V

High-Side MOSFET RDS(ON) (Note 3) RDS(ON) 120 mΩ

Low-Side MOSFET RDS(ON) (Note 3) RDS(ON) 100 mΩ

High-Side MOSFET Leakage Current ILX(leak) VSH N


=0V, VLX=0V 10 μA

High-Side MOSFET Current Limit (Note 3) ILIMIT(HS) Minimum Duty 3.5 4.5 A

Low-Side MOSFET Current Limit (Note 3) ILIMIT(LS) From Drain to Source 1.5 A

Error Amplifier Voltage Gain (Note 3) 400 V/V

Oscillation frequency FOSC 290 340 420 KHz

Short Circuit Oscillation Frequency FOSC(short) VFB=0V 110 KHz

Maximum Duty Cycle DMAX VFB=0.8V 90 %

Minimum On Time (Note 3) TMIN 100 ns

Input UVLO Threshold VUVLO(Vth) VIN Rising 4.3 V


Under Voltage Lockout Threshold
VUVLO(HYS) 250 mV
Hysteresis
Soft-Start Current ISS VSS=0V 6 μA

Soft-Start Period TSS CSS=0.1μF 15 ms

SH N Input Low Voltage VSH N(L) 0.4 V

SH N Input High Voltage VSH N(H) 2 V

SH N Input Current ISH N VIN =2V 2 μA

Thermal Shutdown Threshold (Note 3) TSD 170 °C

Note 3:Not production tested.

FR9886-1.1-JAN-2012 5
fitipower integrated technology lnc. FR9886
85T
Typical Performance Curves
VIN = 12V, VOUT = 3.3V, C1 =10μF x 2, C2 = 22μF x 2, L1 = 10μH, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.

VOUT = 1.2V VOUT = 3.3V

Figure 5. Efficiency vs. Load Current Figure 6. Efficiency vs. Load Current

VOUT = 5V

Figure 7. Efficiency vs. Load Current Figure 8. Current Limit vs. Temperature

Figure 9. Feedback Voltage vs. Temperature Figure 10. Switching Frequency vs. Temperature

FR9886-1.1-JAN-2012 6
fitipower integrated technology lnc. FR9886
85T
Typical Performance Curves
VIN = 12V, VOUT = 3.3V, C1 = 10μF x 2, C2 = 22μF x 2, L1 = 10μH, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.
IOUT=0A IOUT=2.5A
VIN 10mV/div. (AC) VIN 100mV/div. (AC)

VOUT 20mV/div. (AC) VOUT 20mV/div. (AC)

IL 1A/div. IL 1A/div.

VLX 5V/div.
VLX 5V/div.

2μs/div 2μs/div
Figure 11. Steady State Waveform Figure 12. Steady State Waveform

IOUT=0A IOUT=2.5A

VIN 5V/div.
VIN 5V/div.

VOUT 1V/div. IL 1A/div.


VOUT 1V/div.

IL 1A/div.

VLX 5V/div.

VLX 5V/div.

20ms/div. 20ms/div.

Figure 13. Power On through VIN Waveform Figure 14. Power On through VIN Waveform

IOUT=0A IOUT=2.5A

VIN 10V/div. VIN 10V/div.

VOUT 1V/div. VOUT 1V/div.


IL 1A/div.

IL 1A/div.

VLX 5V/div. VLX 5V/div.

20ms/div. 20ms/div.

Figure 15. Power Off through VIN Waveform Figure 16. Power Off through VIN Waveform

FR9886-1.1-JAN-2012 7
fitipower integrated technology lnc. FR9886
85T
Typical Performance Curves
VIN = 12V, VOUT = 3.3V, C1 = 10μF x 2, C2 = 22μF x 2, L1 = 10μH, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.
IOUT=0A IOUT=2.5A
5V/div. 5V/div.

IL 1A/div.
VOUT 1V/div. VOUT 1V/div.

IL 1A/div.

VLX 5V/div.

VLX 5V/div.

4ms/div. 4ms/div.

Figure 17. Power On through SHDN Waveform Figure 18. Power On through SHDN Waveform

IOUT=0A IOUT=2.5A

5V/div. 5V/div.

VOUT 1V/div.
VOUT 1V/div.
IL 1A/div.

IL 1A/div.

VLX 5V/div. VLX 5V/div.

4ms/div. 80μs/div.

Figure 19. Power Off through SHDN Waveform Figure 20. Power Off through SHDN Waveform

VOUT 200mV/div.
VOUT 1V/div.

IL 1A/div.

IL 1A/div.

400μs/div. 40μs/div.

Figure 21. Load Transient Waveform Figure 22. Short Circuit Protect Waveform

FR9886-1.1-JAN-2012 8
fitipower integrated technology lnc. FR9886
85T
Function Description
The FR9886 is a high efficiency, internal Under Voltage Lockout
compensation and constant frequency current mode When the FR9886 is power on, the internal circuits
step-down synchronous DC/DC converter. It has will be held inactive until VIN voltage exceeds the
integrated high-side (120mΩ, typ) and low-side UVLO threshold voltage. And the regulator will be
(100mΩ, typ) power switches, and provides 2.5A disabled when VIN is below the UVLO threshold
continuous load current. It regulates input voltage voltage. The hysteretic of the UVLO comparator is
from 4.5V to 23V, and down to an output voltage as 250mV (typ).
low as 0.925V.
Short Circuit Protection
Control Loop
The FR9886 provides short circuit protection
Under normal operation, the output voltage is function to prevent the device damaged from short
sensed by FB pin through a resistive voltage divider condition. When the short condition occurs and
and amplified through the error amplifier. The the feedback voltage drops lower than 0.4V, the
voltage of error amplifier output is compared to the oscillator frequency will be reduced to 110KHz to
switch current to control the RS flip-flop. At the prevent the inductor current increasing beyond the
beginning of each clock cycle, the high-side NMOS current limit. In the meantime, the current limit will
turns on when the oscillator sets the RS flip-flop, and also be reduced to lower the short current. Once
turns off when current comparator resets the RS the short condition is removed, the frequency and
flip-flop. Then the low-side NMOS will turn on until current limit will return to normal.
the clock period ends.
Over Current Protection
Enable
The FR9886 over current protection function is
The FR9886 SH N pin provides digital control to implemented using cycle-by-cycle current limit
turn on/off the regulator. When the voltage of architecture. The inductor current is monitored by
SH N exceeds the threshold voltage, the regulator measuring the high-side MOSFET series sense
will start the soft start function. If the SH N pin resistor voltage. When the load current increases,
voltage is below the shutdown threshold voltage, the the inductor current will also increase. When the
regulator will turn into the shutdown mode and the peak inductor current reaches the current limit
shutdown current will be smaller than 1μA. For threshold, the output voltage will start to drop.
When the over current condition is removed, the
auto start-up operation, connect SH N to VIN
output voltage will return to the regulated value.
through a 100KΩ resistor.
Over Temperature Protection
Soft Start
The FR9886 incorporates an over temperature
The FR9886 employs adjustable soft start function to
protection circuit to protect itself from overheating.
reduce input inrush current during start up. When
When the junction temperature exceeds the thermal
the device turns on, a 6μA current will begin to
shutdown threshold temperature, the regulator will
charge the capacitor which is connected from SS pin
be shutdown. And the hysteretic of the over
to GND. The equation for the soft start time is
temperature protection is 60°C (typ).
shown as below:
Internal Compensation Function
CSS nF VF
TSS ms = The stability of the feedback circuit is controlled by
ISS μA
internal compensation circuits. This internal
The VFB voltage is 0.925V and the ISS current is 6μA. compensation function is optimized for most
If a 0.1μF capacitor is connected from SS pin to applications and this function can reduce external
GND, the soft start time will be 15ms. R, C components.

Output Overvoltage Protection


When the FB pin voltage exceeds 1.5V, the output
overvoltage protection function will be triggered and
turn off the high-side/low-side MOSFET.

FR9886-1.1-JAN-2012 9
fitipower integrated technology lnc. FR9886
85T
Application Information
Output Voltage Setting A low ESR capacitor is required to keep the noise
The output voltage VOUT is set by using a resistive minimum. Ceramic capacitors are better, but
divider from the output to FB. The FB pin regulated tantalum or low ESR electrolytic capacitors may
voltage is 0.925V. Thus the output voltage is: also suffice. When using tantalum or electrolytic
capacitors, a 0.1μF ceramic capacitor should be
R1 placed as close to the IC as possible.
VOUT =0. 25V 1+
R2
Output Capacitor Selection
Table 2 lists recommended values of R1 and R2 for
most used output voltage. The output capacitor is used to keep the DC output
voltage and supply the load transient current.
Table 2 Recommended Resistance Values When operating in constant current mode, the
VOUT R1 R2 output ripple is determined by four components:
5V 44.2kΩ 10kΩ
VRIPPLE  t   VRIPPLE(C)  t   VRIPPLE(ESR)  t 
3.3V 26.1kΩ 10kΩ
 VRIPPLE(ESL)  t   VNOISE  t 
2.5V 16. kΩ 10kΩ
The following figures show the form of the ripple
1.8V .53kΩ 10kΩ contributions.
1.2V 3kΩ 10kΩ
VRIPPLE(ESR)(t)
Place resistors R1 and R2 close to FB pin to prevent
stray pickup.

Input Capacitor Selection


The use of the input capacitor is filtering the input (t)
+
voltage ripple and the MOSFETS switching spike
VRIPPLE(ESL) (t)
voltage. Because the input current to the
step-down converter is discontinuous, the input
capacitor is required to supply the current to the
converter to keep the DC input voltage. The
capacitor voltage rating should be 1.25 to 1.5 times (t)
+
greater than the maximum input voltage. The input
VRIPPLE(C) (t)
capacitor ripple current RMS value is calculated as:

IIN(RMS) =IOUT 1-
VOUT
= (t)
VIN +
VNOISE (t)
Where D is the duty cycle of the power MOSFET.
This function reaches the maximum value at D=0.5
and the equivalent RMS current is equal to IOUT/2.
The following diagram is the graphical representation
of above equation. =
VRIPPLE(t)
IOUT=2.5A

IOUT=2A
IOUT=1.5A

IOUT=1A (t)

FR9886-1.1-JAN-2012 10
fitipower integrated technology lnc. FR9886
Application Information 85T

VOUT  VOUT  That will lower ripple current and result in lower
VRIPPLE(ESR)   1  ESR
FOSC  L  VIN  output ripple voltage. The ΔIL is inductor
peak-to-peak ripple current:
ESL
VRIPPLE(ESL)   VIN VOUT  VOUT 
L  ESL IL   1
FOSC  L  VIN 
VOUT  VOUT 
VRIPPLE(C)   1  The following diagram is an example to graphically
8  FOSC  L  COUT 
2
VIN  represent ΔIL equation.
Where FOSC is the switching frequency, L is the
inductance value, VIN is the input voltage, ESR is the
equivalent series resistance value of the output L=4.7μ
capacitor, ESL is the equivalent series inductance
value of the output capacitor and the COUT is the L=6.8μ
output capacitor.
Low ESR capacitors are preferred to use. Ceramic, L=10μ
tantalum or low ESR electrolytic capacitors can be
used depending on the output ripple requirements.
When using the ceramic capacitors, the ESL
component is usually negligible.
It is important to use the proper method to eliminate
VOUT=3.3V, FOSC=340KHz
high frequency noise when measuring the output
ripple. The figure shows how to locate the probe A good compromise value between size and
across the capacitor when measuring output ripple. efficiency is to set the peak-to-peak inductor ripple
Remove the scope probe plastic jacket in order to current ΔIL equal to 30% of the maximum load
expose the ground at the tip of the probe. It gives a current. But setting the peak-to-peak inductor
very short connection from the probe ground to the ripple current ΔIL between 20%~50% of the
capacitor and eliminates noise. maximum load current is also acceptable. Then
the inductance can be calculated with the following
equation:
Probe Ground
IL  0.3  IOUT(MAX)

 VIN - VOUT   VOUT


L
VIN  FOSC  IL

To guarantee sufficient output current, peak inductor


current must be lower than the FR9886 high-side
VOUT GND MOSFET current limit. The peak inductor current
is shown as below:

Ceramic Capacitor ΔIL


IPEAK  IOUT(MAX) 
2
Inductor Selection
The output inductor is used for storing energy and
filtering output ripple current. But the trade-off
condition often happens between maximum energy
storage and the physical size of the inductor. The
first consideration for selecting the output inductor is
to make sure that the inductance is large enough to
keep the converter in the continuous current mode.

FR9886-1.1-JAN-2012 11
fitipower integrated technology lnc. FR9886
Application Information 85T

Feedforward Capacitor Selection PCB Layout Recommendation


Internal compensation function allows users saving The device’s performance and stability are
time in design and saving cost by reducing the dramatically affected by PCB layout. It is
number of external components. The use of a recommended to follow these general guidelines
feedforward capacitor C6 in the feedback network is shown as below:
recommended to improve transient response or 1. Place the input capacitors and output capacitors
higher phase margin. as close to the device as possible. The traces
VOUT
which connect to these capacitors should be as
short and wide as possible to minimize parasitic
inductance and resistance.
R1 C6
FR9886 2. Place feedback resistors close to the FB pin.
FB
3. Keep the sensitive signal (FB) away from the
R2 switching signal (LX).
4. The exposed pad of the package should be
soldered to an equivalent area of metal on the
PCB. This area should connect to the GND
plane and have multiple via connections to the
For optimizing the feedforward capacitor, knowing
back of the PCB as well as connections to
the cross frequency is the first thing. The cross
intermediate PCB layers. The GND plane area
frequency (or the converter bandwidth) can be
connecting to the exposed pad should be
determined by using a network analyzer. When
maximized to improve thermal performance.
getting the cross frequency with no feedforward
capacitor identified, the value of feedforward 5. Multi-layer PCB design is recommended.
capacitor C6 can be calculated with the following
equation: C6
R1
R3
1 1  1 1  R2
C6    
2  FCROSS R1  R1 R2  8 7 6 5
C3

Where FCROSS is the cross frequency. Exposed


GND GND
To reduce transient ripple, the feedforward capacitor Pad
– –
value can be increased to push the cross frequency C5
C1 C2
to higher region. Although this can improve + 1 2 3 4
+
transient response, it also decreases phase margin
VIN VOUT
and causes more ringing. In the other hand, if more LX L1
C4
phase margin is desired, the feedforward capacitor
value can be decreased to push the cross frequency
to lower region. In general, the feedforward Figure 23. FR9886 SOP-8(Exposed Pad) package
capacitor range is between 10pF to 1nF. CIN/COUT with EC capacitors Recommended PCB
Layout Diagram
External Diode Selection
For 5V input application, it is recommended to add
an external bootstrap diode. This helps improving
the efficiency. The boost diode can be a low cost
one such as 1N4148.
D1
1N4148

VIN VIN BOOST


5V
FR9886 C4

LX

FR9886-1.1-JAN-2012 12
fitipower integrated technology lnc. FR9886
85T
Outline Information
SOP-8 Package (Unit: mm)

SYMBOLS DIMENSION IN MILLIMETER


UNIT MIN MAX
A 1.35 1.75
A1 0.10 0.25
A2 1.25 1.50
B 0.31 0.51
D 4.80 5.00
E 3.80 4.00
e 1.20 1.34
H 5.80 6.20
L 0.40 1.27

Note:Followed from JEDEC MO-012-E

Carrier dimensions

FR9886-1.1-JAN-2012 13
fitipower integrated technology lnc. FR9886
85T
Outline Information
SOP-8 (Exposed Pad) Package (Unit: mm)

SYMBOLS DIMENSION IN MILLIMETER


UNIT MIN MAX
A 1.25 1.70
A1 0.00 0.15
A2 1.25 1.55
B 0.31 0.51
D 4.80 5.00
D1 3.04 3.50
E 3.80 4.00
E1 2.15 2.41
e 1.20 1.34
H 5.80 6.20
L 0.40 1.27

Note:Followed From JEDEC MO-012-E.

Carrier dimensions

Life Support Policy


Fitipower’s products are not authorized for use as critical components in life support devices or other medical systems.
FR9886-1.1-JAN-2012 14

You might also like