 A computer is an electronic device that processes data and

converting them into useful information for the people.

or
A computer is an electronic device, operating under the control
of instructions stored in its own memory that can accept data
(input), process the data according to specified rules, produce
information (output), and store the information for future use.

 A computer is controlled by program instructions that tell the

computer what to do.

A computer system consists of following four parts:-

1. 3.
2. 4.

 Electrical, and Mechanical (physical)

components of computer are known as hardware.
 Any part of the computer which can be touched is called
hardware.
 A computer’s hardware devices fall into four categories:
1. :
 The of computer that into useful information.
 The processor usually consists of one or more ( ).
 A is usually or .
 A is a tiny piece of that contains millions of electronic
circuit components i.e.
 is an element that is widely found in clay and sand.
 The microprocessor is plugged into the (a master circuit board).
 The term Central Processing Unit (CPU) also refers to a processor.
2. :
 Memory is like a in computers where programs loaded and run.
 The most common type of memory is called ( ).
 affect the and of a computer
 The most common of memory is - i.e. kilobytes, megabytes etc.
3. :
 This unit provides user interaction with the help on .
 (i.e. Keyboard, mouse etc.) accept data and instructions from the user.
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  (i.e. Liquid Crystal Display, Printer etc.) returns processed data back to
the /
 (i.e. Network Interface card – ) work as both I/O devices.
4. .
Storage is a technology consisting of computer components and recording media that are
used to retain digital data.

a.
Primary storage (also known as or internal memory),
often referred to simply as memory, is the only one directly accessible to the CPU.
b.
Secondary storage (also known as external memory or auxiliary storage), differs
from primary storage in that it is not directly accessible by the CPU.

 Collection of related instructions organized for a common purpose is referred to as software.

 Software is also known as program or code.
 Software can be split into following types:
1. :
Application software is any software used for specified applications such as:
1.
2.
3.
4.

2. :
 This software acts as an interpreter between the and
 It the into and likewise interprets into
the user can understand.
 , and are the example of System software

 A user is anyone who interacts with the computer or utilizes the information
generated by it.
 People are the computer operator such peoples are called user.
 A single user falls into following categories:-
 A is any person who spends time using computer at home.
, , , , , , etc., are all examples of
home users.
 A includes employees of companies with fewer than 50
employees, as well as the self-employed who work from home. Small offices include
, , , and .
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  A includes any person who works with computers or mobile devices while
away from a main office, home, or school. Examples of mobile users are sales
representatives, real estate agents, insurance agents, meter readers, package delivery
people, journalists, consultants, and students.
 A is a user who requires the capabilities of a powerful computer. Examples
of power users include engineers, scientists, architects, desktop publishers, and graphic
artists.
 An has hundreds or thousands of employees or customers who work in
or do business with offices across a region, the country, or the world. Each employee or
customer who uses computers, mobile devices, and other technology in the enterprise
is an enterprise user.

A of and is called DATA ( , , or ).

 Computer converts , , or into numbers ( inary Dig ).
 In Computers is organized into (A set of is called FILE/ document)

is an .

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 It is a of the problem & finding the best solution for it.
The skillful practical problem solving methods are:
 A set of instruction that tells a computer what to do is called program
 A step by step procedure to solve a problem.
o A graphical representation of an algorithm.
The algorithm in a simple language.
A person is called programmer.

 Can solve many problems.

 Can easily.
 Display the result in different style.

 problem.  the program.

 ( ) Program.  .

 A programming language is , , and that enables a

software developer to communicate with a computer or mobile device via instructions.
 Each language has its own rules, or , for writing .
 Several hundred programming languages exist today.

LLL

HLL
o It is a programming language designed to programming.
o High-level Language instructions (source code) contains
o High level source code is later converted into a low-level language
o Most high-level programming languages are:
 C/ C++ 
  Python  JavaScript
 Java  

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 The term refers to the process of into a computer’s
from disk.

 It is also called .
 It is a program that is stored permanently in the computer’s .
 A is a program who loads a bigger program i.e. the operating system (OS).

There are two types of booting:-

1.
The process of or mobile device from a state when it is powered off
completely
2.
The process of restarting a computer or mobile device while it remains powered on.

1. a computer’s Power Button. 3. for the OS to load.

2. a computer’s Power Button. 4. to operating system(OS)

The that / the capabilities of OS by providing advanced features.

is a physical network of devices which was by in 1969.
is that utilizes the internet to for .
It was by European Particle Physics Laboratory at Geneva (Switzerland)

 that is display and to navigate across the web.

 and the utilize ( to transfer document.
 , , , and are popular browsers.
 Main components of browser:
o (HTML/CSS):
It is responsible for presentation, and layout of .
o (JavaScript):
It is responsible for appearance, creating & of .
( ) is a special internet used by HTTP.
Address Format = type:// /path (Server type://Server / file structure of server).

 The general meaning of is or to .

 is any and entered into the memory of a computer.
 Four types of are
a. Data is a collection of unorganized facts that can include , , & .

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 b. is a that tells a computer how to
c. is an instruction given to a computer program
d. is an instruction issued to the computer by replying to a question posed by a
computer program,

 The motherboard ( ) is the computer's main circuit board.

 The directly or indirectly to of the computer.
 It's contains , , and .
 The motherboards is given bellow:

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  is the technique to represent in the computer system.
 A used to represent different is known as
 can be as .
 types are as .

Binary 2 0,1 (10101)2

Octal 8 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7 (25673)8
Decimal 10 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 (89745)10
Hexadecimal 16 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A,B,C,D,E,F (23F)16

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 1510 = ?2
2 15
7 1
3 1
1 1
0 1
1510 = 11112

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 system commonly used in as Digital encoding
are by register - A group of bits. 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1

A has : , & along with an

. A rotates on a spindle whereas B and C are to
revolve around their axels to provide forward and backward movement

If the contains this means that motor B is &

motor C is and are turning to produce
motion. Effectively, the is moving forwards.

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A of software sold as a single package.
It is also known as application suite / productivity suite

The All application of software suite are designed to work with one another and making it
easier for users to copy, paste and import data between two applications easily.

There are many different software and application suites available.

Some of the more widely known business software suites include:

Apache Software
Microsoft Apple Google LLC
Foundation
C++ C++ & Java C & JavaScript JavaScript
Android, iOS, macOS,
Windows, Linux, macOS, macOS,
Windows, BlackBerry,
macOS Windows iOS
ChromeOS
Word Writer Pages Docs
Excel Calc Numbers Sheets
PowerPoint Impress Keynote Slides
Access Base

It is a application in the that lets you easily create

professional-looking documents using , ,
, and sharing features. We will learn the following topics to at home in Application.

. .
. .
. .
.

includes followings

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It’s important to know following basic tasks to deal with text.

Move your mouse to the location where you want text to appear in the document.
Click the . The insertion point appears.
Type the text you want to appear.

Place the insertion point next to the text you want to delete.
Press the key on your keyboard to delete text to the left of the insertion point.
Press the key on your keyboard to delete text to the right of the insertion point.

1. Place the insertion point next to the text you want to select.
2. To select a press (Right) Or (Left)
3. To select a on it
4. To select a press .
5. To select a press (down) (up)
6. To select on it.
7. Click the mouse and holding it. over the text to select it.

1. Select the text you want to copy.

2. Click the command on the Home tab. OR
3. You can also right-click your document and select Copy or type .
Place your insertion point where you want the text to appear.
4. Click the command on the Home tab. The text will appear.

1. Select the text you want to copy.

2. Click the command on the Home tab or type .
3. You can also right-click the document and select Cut.

1. Place your insertion point where you want the text to appear.
2. Click the command on the Home tab or type .
3. You can choose 3 options (mentioned below) of that determine how text will be formatted.

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 Select the you want to copy.
 Click and to the location where you want it to appear.
 The cursor will have a rectangle under it to indicate that you are moving text.
 Release the , and the text will appear.

 From the Home tab, click the command or type

 The Navigation pane will appear on the left side of the screen.
 Type the in the field at the top of the navigation pane.
 Founded text will be highlighted in yellow
 A preview will appear in the navigation pane.

 Click the command from Home tab/ type

 Find and Replace dialog box will appear.
 Type the text you want to find in the Find what field.
 Type the you want to replace it with in the Replace with field.
 Click and then click Replace button to replace text or
click Replace All to replace all instances within the document.

Formatted text can organize your important document by adjusting the text as follows:

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 Select the you want to modify.
 Click the next to the Font box on the
Home tab. The Font drop-down menu appears.
 Move the over the various fonts. A live
preview of the font will appear in the document.
 Select the you want to use.
 The font will change in the document.

 Select the you want to modify.

 Click the next to the
box on the tab. A drop-down menu appears.
 Select the desired from the menu. Alternatively,
you can type the value you want and then press on
your keyboard.
 You can also use the Grow Font or and Shrink Font
commands or to change the Font size.

 Select the you want to modify.

 Click the on the
tab. The menu appears.
 Move the mouse pointer over the various font colors.
A of the color will appear in the document.
 Select the font color you want to use
 The will change in the document.
 For more colors select at the bottom of the
list to access the Colors dialog box.

 Click the drop-down arrow from

the tab. The Highlight Color menu appears.
 Select the desired highlight color.
 the text you want to modify.
 The selected text will be
 To switch back to the normal, click the Text
command and then select .

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 Select the you want to modify.
 Click the , , or command in the
on the or
 Type , or respectively.

 Select the you want to modify.

 Click the CHANGE CASE command in the Font group on the Home tab.
 Select the desired case (e.g. UPPERCASE) option from the list.

Select the you want to modify. Select one of the four

from the Paragraph group on the Home tab and Align Text as
follows:
Left: Aligns all selected text to the left margin or type
Center: Aligns text in the mid of page or type
Right: Aligns all selected text to the right margin type
Justify: Aligns text equally on both sides (used by magazines) type

It's important to save the documents to avoid losing your work.

This can be done by the and commands.

Click the command on the Quick Access toolbar or type

the Save As dialog box will appear.
Save As allows you to choose a name and location for your document.

Click the command on the Quick Access toolbar or type

The document will be saved in its current location with the same file name.

 Click the tab. Select . Or type

 The Save As dialog box will appear.
 Select the location where you want to save the document.
 Enter a name for the document, then click Save.

 Click the tab.

 Select Save As.
 Select Word 97-2003 Document in the Save as type drop-down menu.
 Select the location where you want to save the document.
 Enter a name for the document, then click .

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 Click the File tab.
 Select .
 Select PDF in the Save as type drop-down menu,.
 Select the location where you want to save the document.
 Enter a name for the document, then click .

 Select the Page Layout tab.

 Click the Orientation command in the Page Setup group.
 Click Portrait or to change the page orientation. Landscape format means the page is
oriented horizontally Portrait format means the page is oriented vertically.

 Select the tab.

 Click the Size command, and a drop-down menu will appear.
 The current page size is highlighted.
 Click the size option you want.
 The of the document will change.

 Select the Page Layout tab.

 Click the Margins command.
 A menu of options appears. Normal is selected by default.
 Click the predefined margin size you want.

 Click Margins from the tab.

 Select Custom Margins.
 This will take you to the Page Setup dialog box.
 Adjust margin sizes for each side of the page & then
 Click .

Click the Page Layout tab.

Move your cursor to the small arrow in the bottom-right
corner of the Page Setup group.
The Page Setup dialog box will appear.

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Go to the
Click on the Spelling & Grammar command or press F7
The Spelling and Grammar dialog box will open.
For each error in your document, Word will try to offer one or
more suggestions. You can select a suggestion and click
Change to correct the error.

Click the File tab to go to Backstage view.

Select Print. The Print pane appears, with the print settings on the left and the Preview on the right.

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