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Computer Class Notes 3

The Android operating system uses Java-related technology extensively. While Android applications are written using the Java language, the Android SDK uses its own bytecode that is incompatible with standard Java bytecode. Android also does not provide the full Java SE standard library, but includes an implementation of a large subset. The use of Java technology in Android led to a legal dispute between Oracle and Google over copyright infringement that was settled in Google's favor in 2016, though that ruling was later overturned.

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39 views3 pages

Computer Class Notes 3

The Android operating system uses Java-related technology extensively. While Android applications are written using the Java language, the Android SDK uses its own bytecode that is incompatible with standard Java bytecode. Android also does not provide the full Java SE standard library, but includes an implementation of a large subset. The use of Java technology in Android led to a legal dispute between Oracle and Google over copyright infringement that was settled in Google's favor in 2016, though that ruling was later overturned.

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Jagrit Churiwala
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Use outside the Java platform[edit]

The Java programming language requires the presence of a


software platform in order for compiled programs to be
executed.
Oracle supplies the Java platform for use with Java.
The Android SDK is an alternative software platform, used
primarily for developing Android applications with its own GUI
system.
Android[edit]

The Android operating system makes extensive use of Java-related


technology
The Java language is a key pillar in Android, an open
source mobile operating system. Although Android, built on
the Linux kernel, is written largely in C, the Android SDK uses
the Java language as the basis for Android applications but
does not use any of its standard GUI, SE, ME or other
established Java standards.[78] The bytecode language
supported by the Android SDK is incompatible with Java
bytecode and runs on its own virtual machine, optimized for
low-memory devices such as smartphones and tablet
computers. Depending on the Android version, the bytecode
is either interpreted by the Dalvik virtual machine or compiled
into native code by the Android Runtime.
Android does not provide the full Java SE standard library,
although the Android SDK does include an independent
implementation of a large subset of it. It supports Java 6 and
some Java 7 features, offering an implementation compatible
with the standard library (Apache Harmony).
Controversy[edit]
See also: Oracle America, Inc. v. Google, Inc.
The use of Java-related technology in Android led to a legal
dispute between Oracle and Google. On May 7, 2012, a San
Francisco jury found that if APIs could be copyrighted, then
Google had infringed Oracle's copyrights by the use of Java
in Android devices.[79] District Judge William Haskell
Alsup ruled on May 31, 2012, that APIs cannot be
copyrighted,[80] but this was reversed by the United States
Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit in May 2014.[81] On
May 26, 2016, the district court decided in favor of Google,
ruling the copyright infringement of the Java API in Android
constitutes fair use.[82] In March 2018, this ruling was
overturned by the Appeals Court, which sent down the case
of determining the damages to federal court in San Francisco.
[83]
 Google filed a petition for writ of certiorari with the Supreme
Court of the United States in January 2019 to challenge the
two rulings that were made by the Appeals Court in Oracle's
favor.[84]
See also[edit]

 Computer programming portal

 C#
 C++
 Dalvik, used in old Android versions, replaced by non-
JIT Android Runtime
 Deterministic Parallel Java
 List of Java virtual machines
 List of Java APIs
 List of JVM languages
Comparison of Java with other languages[edit]

 Comparison of C# and Java


 Comparison of Java and C++

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