Problems 223

6 .9 An eight-lane urban freeway (four lanes in eac h 6.14 A divided multilane highway in a recreationa l
direction) is on rolling terrain and has 11-ft lanes with area (fp = 0 .90) has four lanes (two lanes in eac h
a 4-ft right-side shoulder . The interchange density i s direction) and is on rolling terrain . The highway has
1 .25 per mile . The base free-flow speed is 70 mi/h . 10-ft lanes with a 6-ft right-side shoulder and a 3-ft
The directional peak-hour traffic volume is 540 0 left-side shoulder. The posted speed is 50 mi/h .
vehicles with 6% large trucks and 5% buses (n o Formerly there were 4 access points per mile, bu t
recreational vehicles) . The traffic stream consists o f recent development has increased the number o f
regular users and the peak-hour factor is 0 .95 . It ha s access points to 12 per mile . Before the development,
been decided that large trucks will be banned from th e the peak-hour factor was 0 .95 and the directiona l
freeway during the peak hour . What will th e hourly volume was 2300 vehicles with 10% larg e
freeway's density and level of service be before an d trucks and buses and 3% recreational vehicles . Afte r
after the ban? (Assume that the trucks are remove d the development, the peak-hour directional flow i s
and all other traffic attributes are unchanged . ) 2700 vehicles with the same vehicle percentages an d
6 .10 A 5% upgrade on a six-lane freeway (three lane s peak-hour factor . What is the level of service befor e
in each direction) is 1 .25 mi long . On this segment o f and after the development?
freeway, the directional peak-hour volume is 380 0 6 .15 A multilane highway has four lanes (two lane s
vehicles with 2% large trucks and 4% buses (n o in each direction) and a measured free-flow speed o f
recreational vehicles), the peak-hour factor is 0 .90 , 55 mi/h . One upgrade is 5% and is 0 .62 mi long .
and all drivers are regular users . The base free-flow Currently trucks are not permitted on the highway ,
speed is 65 mi/h, the lanes are 12 ft wide, there are n o but there are 2% buses (no recreational vehicles) i n
lateral obstructions within 10 ft of the roadway, an d the directional peak-hour volume of 1900 vehicle s
the interchange density is 1 .5 per mile . A bus strike (the peak-hour factor is 0 .80) . Local authorities are
will eliminate all bus traffic, but it is estimated that considering allowing trucks on this upgrade . If this i s
for each bus removed from the roadway, si x done, they estimate that 150 large trucks will use th e
additional passenger cars will be added as traveler s highway during the peak hour . What would be th e
seek other means of travel . What is the density , level of service before and after the trucks are allowe d
volume-to-capacity ratio, and level of service of th e (assuming the driver population adjustment to be 1 . 0
upgrade segment before and after the bus strike? before and 0 .97 after)?
6.11 A multilane highway (two lanes in eac h 6 .16 A four-lane undivided multilane highway (tw o
direction) is on level terrain . The free-flow speed ha s lanes in each direction) has 11-ft lanes, 4-ft shoulder s
been measured at 45 mi/h . The peak-hour directiona l on both sides, and 10 access points per mile . It i s
traffic flow is 1300 vehicles with 6% large trucks an d determined that the roadway currently operates at
buses and 2% recreational vehicles (j, = 0 .95) . If th e capacity with PHF = 0 .80 and a driver population
peak-hour factor is 0 .85, determine the highway' s adjustment of 0 .9 . If the highway is on level terrai n
level of service . with 8% trucks and buses (no recreational vehicles )
6.12 Consider the multilane highway in Proble m and the speed limit is 55 mi/h, what is the directiona l
6 .11 . If the proportion of vehicle types and peak-hou r hourly volume?
factor remain constant, how many vehicles can b e 6 .17 A new four-lane divided multilane highwa y
added to the directional traffic flow before capacity i s (two lanes in each direction) is being planned wit h
reached ? 12-ft lanes, 6-ft shoulders on both sides, and a 50 -
6 .13 A six-lane multilane highway (three lanes i n mi/h speed limit . One 3% downgrade is 4 .5 mi long ,
each direction) has a peak-hour factor of 0 .90, 11-ft and there will be 4 access points per mile . The peak -
lanes with a 4-ft right-side shoulder, and a two-wa y hour directional volume along this grade is estimate d
left-turn lane in the median . The directional peak-hour to consist of 1800 passenger cars, 140 large trucks, 4 0
traffic flow is 4000 vehicles with 8% large trucks an d buses, and 10 recreational vehicles . If the peak-hou r
buses and 2% recreational vehicles . The driver factor is estimated to be 0 .85 and the drive r
population factor has been estimated at 0 .95 . Wha t population adjustment factor is expected to be 1 .0 ,
will the level of service of this highway be on a 4% what level of service will this segment of highwa y
upgrade that is 1 .5 miles long if the speed limit is 5 5 operate under?
mi/h and there are 15 access points per mile? 6 .18 A six-lane divided multilane highway (thre e
lanes in each direction) has a measured free-flow
224 Chapter 6 Highway Capacity and Level-of-Service Analysi s

speed of 50 mi/h . It is on mountainous terrain with a consists of cars and trucks only . A recent traffic coun t
traffic stream consisting of 6% large trucks and buse s revealed 720 vehicles (total, both directions) arrivin g
and 2% recreational vehicles . The driver populatio n in the most congested 15-min interval. What is the
adjustment is 0 .92 . One direction of the highway percentage of trucks in the traffic stream based on th e
currently operates at maximum LOS C conditions , ATS service measure?
and it is known that the highway has PHF = 0 .90 . 6 .24 A Class II two-lane highway needs to b e
How many vehicles can be added to this highway redesigned for an area with rolling terrain . The peak -
before capacity is reached, assuming the proportion o f hour traffic volume is 500 vehicles, with a directiona l
vehicle types remains the same but the peak-hou r split of 60/40 and a PHF of 0 .85 . The traffic stream
factor increases to 0 .95 ? includes 8% large trucks, 2% buses, and 5 %
6 .19 A four-lane undivided multilane highway (tw o recreational vehicles . What is the maximum
lanes in each direction) has 11-ft lanes and 5-f t percentage of no-passing zones that can be built into
shoulders . At one point along the highway there is a the design with LOS B maintained ?
4% upgrade that is 0 .62 mi long. There are 15 acces s 6 .25 A four-lane freeway (two lanes in eac h
points along this grade . The peak-hour traffic volume direction) segment consists of passenger cars only, a
has 2500 passenger cars and 200 trucks and buses (no driving population of regular users, a peak-hour
recreational vehicles), and 720 of these vehicle s directional distribution of 0 .70, a peak-hour factor of
arrive in the most congested 15-min period . Thi s 0 .80, and a measured free-flow speed of 70 mi/h .
traffic stream is primarily commuters . The measure d Assuming Fig . 6 .7 applies, if the AADT is 30,00 0
free-flow speed is 55 mi/h . To improve the level o f veh/day, determine the level of service for the 10th ,
service, the local transportation agency is considering 50th, and 100th highest annual hourly volumes .
reducing the number of access points by blocking
some driveways and rerouting their traffic . How many 6.26 A four-lane urban freeway (two lanes in each
of the 15 access points must be blocked to achiev e direction) operates at capacity during the peak hour . It
LOS C? has 11-ft lanes and 4-ft shoulders . The freeway has
only regular users and there are 8% large trucks and
6 .20 A Class I two-lane highway is on level terrain , buses (no recreational vehicles), and the freeway is o n
has a measured free-flow speed of 65 mi/h, and ha s rolling terrain with a peak-hour factor of 0 .85 . There
50% no-passing zones . The peak-hour traffic volum e is one interchange every 2 miles . It is known that 12 %
is 180 vehicles, with PHF = 0 .90 . There are 15 % of the AADT occurs in the peak hour and that th e
trucks and buses (no RVs) and the directional split i s directional factor is 0 .6 . What is the freeway' s
70/30 . Determine the level of service . AADT?
6 .21 A Class I two-lane highway carries a peak-hou r 6 .27 A six-lane multilane highway (three lanes i n
volume of 540 vehicles and has a peak-hour factor o f each direction) has regular weekday users and
0 .87 . The traffic stream has a 60/40 directional split currently operates at maximum LOS C conditions .
with 5% large trucks, 10% recreational vehicles, n o The measured free-flow speed is 55 mi/h . Th e
buses, and 85% passenger cars . The highway is on highway is on rolling terrain with 10% large truck s
rolling terrain and has 80% no-passing zones . Th e and buses and 5% recreational vehicles, and the peak-
free-flow speed was measured at 57 mi/h, but this wa s hour factor is 0 .94 . If 20% of all directional traffi c
during a flow rate of 275 pc/h . Determine the level o f occurs during the peak hour, determine the total
service . directional traffic volume .
6 .22 A Class I two-lane highway is on level terrain
with passing permitted throughout . The highway has Multiple Choice Questions
11-ft lanes with 4-ft shoulders . There are 16 acces s
points per mile . The base FFS is 60 mi/h . Th e 6 .28 A six-lane urban freeway (three lanes in eac h
highway is oriented north and south, and during th e direction) in rolling terrain has 10-ft lanes and
peak hour, 440 vehicles are going northbound and obstructions 4 ft from the right edge of the travele d
360 vehicles are going southbound . If the PHF is 0 .8 7 pavement . For every mile, there are 2 interchanges . A
and there are 4% large trucks, 3% buses, and 1 % directional peak-hour volume of 2000 vehicle s
recreational vehicles, what is the level of service ? (primarily commuters) is observed, with 600 vehicle s
6 .23 A two-lane highway is currently operating at it s arriving in the highest 15-min flow rate period . Th e
two-way capacity in rolling terrain . The traffic stream traffic stream contains 12% large trucks and buses
 Problems 22 5

and 6% recreational vehicles . What is the density of 6 .31 A six-lane undivided multilane highway (thre e
the traffic stream? lanes in each direction) has 12-ft lanes with 2-ft
a) 14 .2 pc/mi/ln shoulders on the right side . There are 2 access point s
b) 15 .9 pc/mi/I n per mile and the posted speed limit is 50 mi/h .
c) 19 .0 pc/mi/l n Estimate the free flow speed .
d) 16 .5 pc/mi/ln a) 50 mi/h
b) 43 mi/h
6 .29 A six-lane urban freeway (three lanes in eac h c) 48 mi/h
direction) in mountainous terrain has 10-ft lanes an d d) 52 mi/h
obstructions 5 ft from the right edge . For every mil e
of freeway, there is one interchange . The traffi c 6 .32 A Class I two-lane highway in rolling terrai n
stream consists of mostly commuters with a peak hou r has an hourly volume of 550 veh/h and a peak-hour
factor of 0 .84, peak-hour volume of 2500 vehicles , factor of 0 .92 . The traffic stream consists of 7 %
and 4% recreational vehicles . What is the level o f trucks, 3% buses, and 7% recreational vehicles .
service? Determine the analysis flow rate, based on averag e
a) LOS A travel speed .
b) LOS B a) 705 pc/h
c) LOS C b) 974 pc/h
d) LOS D c) 688 pc/h
d) 328 pc/h
6.30 A four-lane divided multilane highway (tw o
lanes in each direction) in rolling terrain has fiv e 6 .33 You are designing a freeway as a passenger-car-
access points per mile and 11-ft lanes with a 4-ft only facility, and with ideal roadway characteristics .
shoulder on the right side and 2-ft shoulder on th e It is estimated that the freeway will have a traffi c
left . The peak-hour factor is 0 .81 and the traffi c demand of 75,000 vehicles per day, a free-flow spee d
stream consists of 6% trucks, 4% buses and 3 % of 70 mi/h, a traffic stream of primarily commuters, a
recreational vehicles . The driver populatio n peak-hour factor of 0 .88, and a directional distribution
adjustment factor is estimated at 0 .94 . If the base free - of 0 .65 . Determine the number of lanes (bot h
flow speed is determined to be 60 mi/h and th e directions) required to provide at least LOS D usin g
analysis flow rate is 1250 pc/h/ln, what is the peak - the 60th highest annual hourly volume (see Fig . 6 .7) .
hour volume ? a) 4 lanes
a) 1613 veh/ h b) 6 lanes
b) 969 veh/ h c) 8 lanes
c) 1330 veh/ h d) 10 lanes
d) 1288 veh/h