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    Experiment 5: Chemical Equillibrium

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    Nur Faizatul Atiqah
    1. The document describes an experiment on chemical equilibrium involving various chemical reactions and how the equilibrium shifts in response to changes in conditions. 2. When stresses like changes in concentrations of reactants/products or temperature are introduced to equilibrium systems, the systems react to reestablish equilibrium according to Le Chatelier's principle. 3. The experiment observes color changes in solutions containing iron(III) chloride, potassium thiocyanate, cobalt(II) chloride, copper(II) sulfate, and ammonia as stresses like additions of other chemicals or temperature changes are applied.

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    Experiment 5: Chemical Equillibrium

    Uploaded by

    Nur Faizatul Atiqah
    239 views20 pages
    1. The document describes an experiment on chemical equilibrium involving various chemical reactions and how the equilibrium shifts in response to changes in conditions. 2. When stresses like changes in concentrations of reactants/products or temperature are introduced to equilibrium systems, the systems react to reestablish equilibrium according to Le Chatelier's principle. 3. The experiment observes color changes in solutions containing iron(III) chloride, potassium thiocyanate, cobalt(II) chloride, copper(II) sulfate, and ammonia as stresses like additions of other chemicals or temperature changes are applied.

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    EXP 5 CHM420

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    1. The document describes an experiment on chemical equilibrium involving various chemical reactions and how the equilibrium shifts in response to changes in conditions. 2. When stresses like changes in concentrations of reactants/products or temperature are introduced to equilibrium systems, the systems react to reestablish equilibrium according to Le Chatelier's principle. 3. The experiment observes color changes in solutions containing iron(III) chloride, potassium thiocyanate, cobalt(II) chloride, copper(II) sulfate, and ammonia as stresses like additions of other chemicals or temperature changes are applied.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    239 views20 pages

    Experiment 5: Chemical Equillibrium

    Uploaded by

    Nur Faizatul Atiqah
    1. The document describes an experiment on chemical equilibrium involving various chemical reactions and how the equilibrium shifts in response to changes in conditions. 2. When stresses like changes in concentrations of reactants/products or temperature are introduced to equilibrium systems, the systems react to reestablish equilibrium according to Le Chatelier's principle. 3. The experiment observes color changes in solutions containing iron(III) chloride, potassium thiocyanate, cobalt(II) chloride, copper(II) sulfate, and ammonia as stresses like additions of other chemicals or temperature changes are applied.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 20

    EXPERIMENT 5 : CHEMICAL EQUILLIBRIUM

    COURSE CODE : AS2291A


    NAME : NUR FAIZATUL ATIQAH BINTI SHAMSUDIN
    STUDENT ID : 2018435816
    PARTNER NAME : NUR SYAHMINA BINTI NOOR AZMAN SHAH (2018248786)
    DATE OF EXPERIMENT : 15 OCTOBER 2018
    LECTURER’S NAME : DR AMALINA MOHD TAJUDDIN
    OBJECTIVE
    To observe the effects to equillibrium system when certain stresses are introdced.

    INTRODUCTION
    A products react at the same rate as they produced at equillibrium conditions. While in
    the equillibrium conditions, the concentration of the substance d not change but for both
    reaction forward and reversed. The arrow ‘ ⇌ ‘ used to denote the equillibrium system.
    The Le Chatelier’s Principle stated that in when the equillibrium conditions change, the
    system reacts to counteract the change and reestablished the equillibrium.

    Example :
    A+ B ⇌C + D
    if the concentration of B increased, the rate of thr forward reaction increased,
    concentration of A decreased and concentration of C and D increase and after a period
    of time, the rates will become equal and the system will be in the equilibrium again. The
    statement shows the how equilibrium shift when concebtration of A, B, C, and D
    changed:

    The increasing of concentration A or b, the equillibrium shift to right.


    If the concentration of C or D increased, equillibrium shift to the left.
    If the concentration of A or B decreased, equillibrium will change to left
    If concentration of C or D decreased, equllibrium change to the right.
    CHEMICAL AND APPARATUS

    Concentrated ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) 6 M ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH)


    0.1 M cobalt(II) chloride ( CoCl2) phenophtalein
    0.1 M iron(III) chloride (FeCl3) 0.1 M pottasium thiocyanate (KSCN)
    12 M hydrochloric acid (HCl) 0.1 M silver nitrate (AgNO3)
    1.1 M copper(II) sulfate (CuSO4)

    PROCEDURE
    A: Iron(III) chloride plus pottasium thiocynate
    1. Stock solution of 1 ml 0.1 M iron (III) chloride and 1 ml of 0.1 M pottasium
    thiocyanate is prepared in 50 ml of distilled water, the solution then pour into 5
    different test tube. 5 ml of stock solution in each test tube.

    2. Test tube 1 act as colour control, while 1 ml of 0.1 M iron(III) chloride added in
    the test tube 2.

    3. 1 ml of 0.1 M pottasium thiocyanate solution added in test tube 3 and 0.1 M silver
    nitrate. Half of the content in test tube 4 poured into another tube. 0.1 M
    pottasium thiocyanate into one test tube and 0.1 M iron(III) chloride into another
    tube. All the test tube been observed.

    B: Copper(II) sulfate solution with ammonia


    1. 2 ml of 0.1 M copper (II) sulfate added into two test tube. Test tube 1 act as
    colour solution and while 6 M NH3 or NH4OH added into test tube 2.
    2. The NH3 is added until theres any change in the solution.
    3. 3 M H2SO4 then added into test tube 2 until the original colour is restored.
    C: cobalt(II) chlorine solution.
    1. 1-2 ml of 0.1 M cobalt(II) chloride solution added into 3 test tube. Test tube actt
    as control test tube.
    2. 3 ml of hydrochloric acid added into test tube 2 until the original colour observed
    3. Half of the spatula solid ammonium chloride added into test tube 3 to make a
    satureted salt solution.
    4. Test tube 1 and test tube 3 then placed into a beaker of boiling tube and the
    change is observed.
    5. Cool the test tube sing a tap ater until original control.

    D: Ammonia solution.
    1. An ammonia stock solution is prepared by adding 5 drop of 6 M hydroxide and 3
    drop of phenophtalein to 50 ml of tap water. The 5 ml of the stock added into 3
    test tube.
    2. Test tube 1 act as control test tube. In test tube 2, a solid ammonium added in
    test tube 2.
    3. In test tube 3, a few drop of 6 M hydrochloric acid added into test tube 3.
    DATA
    A. Iron (III) chloride plus pottasium thiosulfate
    −¿→Fe ¿¿

    F e 3+¿+ SC N ¿

    Test tube Procedure Observations


    1 Control Light- brown solution
    2 Addition of Iron(III) chloride Dark-brown solution
    solution
    3 Addition of pottasium Dark-red solution
    thiocyanate solution
    4 Addition of silver nitrate Cloudy solution + white
    solution precipitate
    Addition of pottasium Reddish-brown + white
    thiocyanate solution precipitate
    Addition of iron(III) chloride Light-orange solution +
    soution white precipitate

    B. Copper(II) sulfate solution with ammonia

    Test tube Procedure Observation


    1 Copper(II) sulfate Light blue
    2 Copper(II) sulfate + Cloudy blue
    ammonia solution
    Continue adding Blue precipitate formed
    ammonia solution
    Addition of sulfuric acid Turn to light blue

    C. Cobalt(II) chloride solution

    Test tube Procedure Observation


    1 (control) Cobalt(II) chloride Light pink
    solution
    In boiling water No change
    Cooling Light pink
    2 Cobalt(II) chloride More light than original
    solution + HCl
    Addition of water Turns to original colour
    3 Cobalt(II) chloride Pink
    solution + ammonium
    chloride
    In boilng water Pink turns to purple
    cooling Purple turns to pink
    D. Ammonia Solution
    Test tube Procedure Observation
    1 (control) Ammonia solutiion Light pink
    2 Ammonia solution + Clear solution
    ammonium chloride
    3 Ammonium solution + HCl Cloudy solution
    QUESTIONS
    PART A AND PART D
    How would you explain the shift of equillibrium in term of Le Chantelier’s Princple?
    Answer: in Le’ Chantelier Principle, the preasure increase the shift of an equillibrium to
    the side of the reaction which have fewer number of moles. If the pressure decreased, it
    shift to the side of the reaction which have greater nuber of moles. While if theres no
    effect in pressure if the moles are same on both side of reaction,

    PART B
    1. Explain how adding more NH3 caused the equillibrium to shift again
    Answer : The light blue solution turns to cloudy blue solution when ammonia
    solution added into it. This is because the amount of reactant cause the
    equillibrium to shift again in order to balanced the reaction.

    2. Explain how 3 M sulfuric caused the equillibrium to shift again?


    Answer: The addition of 3 M sulfuric acid will increase the concentration of the
    solution. So that it will make the equillibrium to shift to the right.

    PART C
    1. State whether the concentration of each of the substance was
    increased,decreased or unaffected when the concentrated hydrochloric acid was
    added to cobalt chloride solution.
    Answer: Co(H20)62+ = decreasing. Cl = increases . CoCl2 = unaffected

    2. Explain why heating and cooling the mixture caused the equillibrium to shift?
    Answer: The change in temperature in an equillibrium system will stimulatea change
    in the equilibrium. The adding of temperature will adding more reactant in the
    system. While decreasing the temperature it will removing the reactant.
    DISCUSSION
    The equillibrium can affected if theres any change in pressure, concentration,
    temperature and addition of catalyst.
    The temperature can effect the equillibrium system because when the temperature
    increases, the system will K for a system with a positive ∆ H ° rxn. While when the
    temperature decrease, K will decrease with negative ∆ H ° rxn.
    The concentration of reactant can affect the equillibrium system because it will alter the
    rate of the forward reaction while if thereas any change in the cocentration of product, it
    will alter the rate of the reverse reaction.
    The effect of catalyst in make the reaction much faster and system will reach
    equillibrium more quickly.
    While the effect of preassure and volume can alter the equillibrium position of a system
    but if only the reaction involve gases.
    In experiment, the solution change its colour because theres addition of moles of ther
    reactant in the solution. For example, in experiment part A, the light brown solution turns
    to dark-red after the pottasium thiocyanate solution added into the test tube with stock
    solution ( 0.1 M Iron(III) pottasium and 0.1 M pottasium thiocyanate.)
    This due to the addition of moles in the solution so that the equillibrium shift to the right
    to stabilized again the system.
    In experiment Part B, the light blue solution turns cloudy solution when ammonium
    solution added into the test tube 2, while if the ammonium is continued added into it, it
    form a blue precipitate and turns to original colour when the sulfuric acid added into the
    same test tube.
    In part C, the original colour of the solution is light pink. When the HCl added into it, it
    turns to the solution with more light pink than the original solution. It shows that the
    equllibrium system shift to the right to stabilized again the system. While if the
    ammonium solution added ito the original solution, it turn purple because of addition of
    reactant.
    CONCLUSION
     The equillibrium system will shift if theres any change in
    temperature,concentration,pressure and addition of catalyst.
     Only temperature can vhange the K
     Change in pressure may alter the equillibrium position but only theres gases
    involve.
     The change in concentration reactant will produce forward reaction while
    change in concentration of product alter rate of reverse reaction.
     The catalyst only works to improve the rate of reaction and did not change the
    K and equillibrium constant.

    REFERENCE
     https://opentextbc.ca/introductorychemistry/chapter/shifting-equilibria-le-
    chateliers-principle-2/
     https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/factors-that-
    affect-chemical-equilibrium/
    DATASHEET
    EXPERIMENT
    A: Iron(III) chloride plus pottasium thiosulfate
    B. Copper(II) sulfate solution with ammonium
    C: Cobalt(II) chloride solution
    D: Ammonia Solution

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