Module in General Physics 1

GRADE

12

General Physics 1
Quarter 2
Module 9&10

Work and its Relation to

Energy

(Student’s Full Name)

__________________________
(Strand and Section)

Page |1
 Module in General Physics 1

INTRODUCTORY MESSAGE

Welcome Dear Marians to School Year

2020-2021!

TO OUR BELOVED LEARNER: Adhering with the regulations of the ‘New

Normal’, St. Mary’s College of Tagum, Inc.
– Senior High School, has opted to choose
Praised be Jesus and Mary! distance learning with two resources:
Now and Forever… Online and Offline. This module is your
offline resource for this school year.
We welcome you to your Learning Module
1 for the first quarter of the academic year, This module hopes to engage you in
2020-2021. In light of the changes that we learning independently at your own pace
have adopted due to these trying times, we and your own time. Furthermore, this also
are beyond grateful that you chose to stay aims to help you acquire the needed 21st-
here with us! century skills while taking into consideration
your needs and circumstances – especially
This module was written, designed, in this time of the pandemic.
developed, and reviewed collaboratively by
your senior high school teachers and We hope that you will be enabled to process
coordinators - of which the materials were the contents of the learning resource while
derived from both public and private being an active learner. We pray that you
educational institutions. This is to ensure will face adversities head-on through the
that the quality of the learning content is in Transformative Ignacian-Marian Education
par with the competencies you need to we will provide at your fingertips.
complete the subject.

Page |2
Module in General Physics 1

WHAT’S INSIDE?
Learning Targets This gives you an idea of the skills or competencies you
are expected to learn in the module.

This activity acts as a motivation for your incoming

Initial Task lesson at hand. If you have garnered a favorable score
(through the teacher’s evaluation), decide to skip this
part of the module.

Unlocking Difficulties This portion contains the key words of the lessons with
the designated definitions in context of the subject
matter.

Activating Prior This is an activity or a thought-provoking question to

Knowledge verify your previous knowledge of the lesson.

Lecturette This section provides a brief discussion of the lesson.

This aims to help you discover and understand new
concepts and skills.

Assessment This comprises activities for independent practice to

solidify your understanding and skills of the topic.

Lesson Reflection This includes questions to be filled for you to process

what you learned from the lesson.

Final Task This section provides an activity which will help you
transfer your new knowledge or skill into real life
situations or concerns.

*Descriptions and Icons are derived from the Alternative Delivery Mode Material from the Department of Education

Your Gentle Reminders:

 Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the module. Use
a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises – however, this is optional.
 Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
 Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks.
 Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
 Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.

Page |3
Module in General Physics 1

 Calculate the dot or scalar product of vectors

 Determine the work done by a force acting on
a system
 Define work as a scalar or dot product of
force and displacement
Competency
 Relate the work done to energy, power and
24– 29 velocity
 Relate the gravitational potential energy of a
system or object to the configuration of the
system
 Explain the properties and the effects of
conservative forces

In this module, we aim that you, in the long run will be able to demonstrate a holistic
understanding of the physical quantities and apply the basics in daily doings in the
community and apply the rules and interaction of physical and non-physical quantities on
God’s environment. With that, you can be a good servant of the Almighty God.

Learning Targets
At the end of this module, you will be able to:
 combine the concept of work, power, force and energy; and
 solve real – life problems relating work, power, force and energy

Initial Task
Activity 1: 50 things about WORK
Direction: Work is everywhere. Your task is to write 40 things of what you
know about work. It can be related to science or not. Moreover, you can only write
your answers at a maximum of 3 words in every item.

1. 11. 21. 31.

2. 12. 22. 32.
3. 13 23. 33.
4. 14. 24. 34.
5. 15. 25. 35.
6. 16. 26. 36.
7. 17. 27. 37.
8. 18. 28. 38.
9. 19. 29. 39.
10. 20. 30. 40.

Page |4
Module in General Physics 1

Unlocking Difficulties

The following are the key words and challenging terms used in this module:

• Work – defined as the product of the force applied and the distance moved
in the direction of the force.
• Power – defined as the rate of doing work
• Energy – defined as the ability or capacity to do work

Activating Prior Knowledge

Activity 2 Venn Diagram
Direction. Using the diagram below, distinguish the similarities and
differences of work, power and energy.

Work

Energy Power

LECTURETTE
Work in Physics
We do work on a ball by throwing it. When
we do so, we are transforming chemical energy
which we obtained from food into energy of
motion of the ball. We do work on an object when
we lift it since we bring the object away from the
Earth’s surface. The heavier the object or the
higher we lift it the more work is accomplished.
Two things enter into every case where work is
https://www.google.com/search?q=work done: the extension of a force and the movement
of that certain object by the given force.
When we exert a force to move an object in a straight line in the direction of the
force, we do work on the object. The work done on the object by the applied force is
defined as the product of the force, F, and the displacement, d, through which the object
is moved. In the mathematical form, W = Fd, where the displacement used must be the

Page |5
Module in General Physics 1

distance moved in the direction of the force. If the force is newton (N) and the
displacement is in meter (m), work is then measured in joules (J). One joule of work is
done when a force of 1N moves through a displacement of 1m in the direction of the force.
Work can be categorized into two: (a) work done to change the speed of an object
[either speeding up or slowing down] and (2) work done against another force such as
what an archer does on a bow and when we do push ups [we work against our own
weight]. We accomplish work on something when we exert a force to move it against the
influence of an opposing force.

Work as a Scalar or Dot Product of Force and Displacement

Work is a scalar quantity which is characterized
by a magnitude and a sign. Work can be done only when
a force is exerted on a body, while the body at the same
time moves in such a way that a force has a component
along the line of motion.
Sample Problem
1. A stevedore leaves a cargo of 10kg from the
floor to a truck 1.2m high. How much work is
done by the stevedore? https://www.google.com/search
?q=work+in+physics&tbm=isch&
Given: m = 10kg; d = 1.2m
Required to find: work done (W)
Solution:
The opposing force F is the weight of the load.
F = weight (W) = mg = (10kg)(9.8m/s2) = 98N
The work done, W = Fd
W = Fd
W = (98N)(1.2m)
W = 117.6 J
2. Trigo pushes his box of toys against a frictional force of 0.5N for a distance of
5 meters. How much work does he do?
Given: Ff = 0.5N; d = 5m
Required to find: work done (W)
Solution:
W = Ffd
W = (0.5N)(5m)
W = 2.5 J
3. A crate is moved 2m along a horizontal floor at a constant speed by a force of
50N which makes an angle of 30 degrees above the horizontal. How much
work is done on the crate by the force?
Given: F = 50N; d = 2m; 𝜃 = 30 degrees
Required to find: work done (W)
Solution:
W = Fcos 𝜃 d
W = (50N)(cos30º)(2m)
W = 86.60J

Page |6
Module in General Physics 1

4. A 200g object is dragged 50cm upward with a uniform velocity along a plane
inclined 30º with the horizontal by a force parallel to the incline. The coefficient
of kinetic friction between the object and the plane is 0.25. (a) How much work
is done by the applied force?
Given: m = 200g (convert to kg will become 0.2kg); µk = 0.25; d = 50cm ( d= 0.5m)
Required to find: work done by the applied force
Solution:
We first need to get the force applied F A using the formula below (based on the
forces acting on the object):
FA – Ff – Fg = 0
FA = Ff + Fg
FA = µkFN + Fg
FA = µk(mgcos𝜃 ) + mgsin𝜃
FA = [(0.25)(0.2)(9.8)(cos30º)] + [(0.2)(9.8)(sin30º)
FA = 1.404352448N
Using the calculated value of the applied force F A, the amount of work done is
equal to:
W = Fd
W = (1.404352448N)(0.5)
W = 0.70J
Work – Energy Theorem and Kinetic Energy
We discussed work done by forces
where the resultant force acting on the body is
zero. We will now consider bodies where the
resultant force is not equal to zero. We solve
problems involving kinetic energy by the
formula below:
https://www.google.com/search?q=work+ KE = ½ mv2
energy+system&tbm=isch&hl=en-
Work done with the change of amount in kinetic energy is solve using:
W = KEf - KEi
W = ½ mvf2 - ½ mvi2
W = ½m (vf2 – vi2)
(Work – Energy Theorem)
We expect that if we do work, we will get something as a result. In physics, we
always get a result from the effort that we have exerted to perform work on an object, like
setting the object in motion, making the object rotate, and making the object jump or roll.
Let us now apply it in solving problems involving mass, speed and kinetic energy.
1. Find the KE of a body mass 5kg which is traveling at a constant speed of
5m/s.
Given: m = 0.5kg; v = 5m/s
Required to find: KE
Solution: KE = ½ mv2
KE = ½ (0.5kg)(5m/s)2
KE = 62.5 J
Page |7
Module in General Physics 1

2. A water skier whose mass is 70kg has an initial speed of 6m/s. Later, the
speed of the skier becomes 11m/s. Determine the work done by the net force
acting on the skier.
Given: m = 70kg; vi = 6m/s; vf = 11m/s
Required to find: Work done on the skier
Solution:
W = ½m(vf2 – vi2)
W = ½ (70)(112-62)
W = 2,975 J
5. A 0.075kg arrow is fired horizontally. The bowstring exerts an average force
of 65N on the arrow over a distance of 0.90m. With what speed did the arrow
leave the bow?
Given: m = 0.075kg; F = 65N; d = 0.90m
Required to find: vf
Solution:
W = Fd
W = (65)(0.9m)
W = 58.5 J
Since vi = 0m/s and the calculated value of W is equal to 58.5 J, then:
W = ½m(vf2 – vi2)
58.5 = ½ (0.075)(vf2 – 02)
vf2 = (58.5)/( ½ )(0.075)
vf2 = 1560
vf = 39.50 m/s
6. The speed of a hockey puck decreases from 45m/s to 44.67m/s in coasting
16m across the ice. Find the µk between the puck and the ice.
Given: vi = 45m/s; vf = 44.67m/s; d = 16m
Required to find: µk
Solution:
W = ½m(vf2 – vi2)
Fd = ½m(vf2 – vi2)
Since F =Fk = µkFN = µk(mg), thus:
µk(mg)(d) = ½m(vf2 – vi2)
½𝑚(𝑣𝑓2 – 𝑣𝑖 2 )
µk = (𝑚𝑔)(𝑑)

½(44.672 – 452 )
µk = (9.8)(16)

µk = 0.10 (coefficient of a friction should always in a positive form)

Page |8
Module in General Physics 1

7. A pitcher hurls a 0.25kg softball. The ball starts from rest and leaves the
pitcher’s hand at a speed of 35m/s. How much work is done on the softball by
the hurler’s arm?
Given: m = 0.25kg; vf = 25m/s; vi = 0m/s
Required to find: Work done
Solution:
W = ½m(vf2 – vi2)
W = (½)(0.25)(25)2
W = 78.13 J
Relation of Power to Work, Energy, Force and Velocity
Work, power and energy are three
closely related concepts in physics. The concept
of work is important since it represents the
amount of energy transformed from one form to
another. The amount of work done to change
energy from one form to anther tells us how
much energy has been converted. When we
discuss work, we are not only concerned about
the work that is done on a body; we are also
concerned about the power doing it. We want to
know how long it would take us to do it. https://www.google.com/search?q=work
+power+and+energy&tbm=isch&ved=2ah
How do we relate power to force, velocity and energy? Power is defined as work
𝑊 𝐹𝑑
per unit time or P = 𝑡 , and work is W = Fd. So power in terms of force is P = 𝑡 . We
define velocity as the displacement covered per unit time. So, P = Fv.
In the mks system, power is expressed in Joules/second (J/s). This is also known
as the watt (W) in honor of James Watt who invented the steam engine in the 18th century.
One horsepower is equal to 0.75 kW.
Sample Problems
1. How many joules of work is done on an object when a force of 10N pushes it a
distance of 10m? What is the power I the work was done in 5s?
Given: F = 10N; d = 10m
Required to find: Work done and power
Solution:
𝑊
W = Fd P= 𝑡
100𝐽
W = (10)(10) P= 5𝑠

W = 100 J P = 20 J/s or 20 W
2. How much power is expended by a man in moving a 500N crate to a height of
20 meters in 60 seconds?
Given: weight of the crate = 500N; t = 60s; d = 20m
Required to find: Power
Solution:
W = Fd = (500N)(20m) = 10,000J
𝑊
P= 𝑡
10,000𝐽
P= 60𝑠

P = 20 W

Page |9
Module in General Physics 1

CONSERVATIVE and NON – CONSERVATIVE FORCES

What are conservative and non –
conservative forces? Is there a
difference between the two forces?
Which of the forces can be considered
conservative and which are non –
conservative?

https://www.google.com/search?q=conservativ
e%20vs%20non%20conservative&tbm=isch&hl

Conservative Forces
Gravitational force has an interesting property. When an object is moved from one
position to another by a gravitational force, the work done does not depend on the path
taken by the force moving the object. Example, two mountain climbers of the same weight,
both 500N, climbed a mountain (d = 1,000m) using different path:
 Climber 1, Sabo, took a circuitous path on climbing the mountain towards
the peak, while,
 Climber 2, Ace, took a straight path.
Solution:
WorkSabo = Fd WorkAce = Fd
WorkSabo = (500N)(1,000m) WorkAce = (500N)(1,000m)
WorkSabo = 500, 000J WorkAce = 500, 000J
It can be seen that in spite of the different paths taken by the two climbers, the
work that they have done are still the same or equal (W= 500,000J each).
If the work done by a force in moving an object is independent of the path taken to
do the work, then the force is said to be a conservative force. An example of a
conservative force is gravitational force, elastic force of a spring and electric force
between two electric charges.
Assuming we have a curved track, in which there is no friction, along the track and
there is no air resistance, a ball dropped at point A will travel through B, then will stop
momentarily at C, then goes back through B, and will return to A which is the starting
point. This kind of path which begins and ends at the same point is called closed path.
The only force acting on the object is the force due to gravity. It is the only force that does
work on the object along the path. During the entire trip, the amount of positive work done
on the object is equal to the negative work done on the return trip. So the net work done
on the object is zero. Therefore we can state that,
A conservative force is one that the work due to gravity moving in a closed path
is zero.
Non – Conservative Forces
All the forces that we have considered are conservative forces, which are ideal
forces. But not all forces are conservative and we call them non – conservative forces.
A force is non – conservative if the work it does on moving objects depends on the
path of motion of the object. One example is the kinetic frictional force which points
opposite to the direction of the sliding motion. It is also doing negative work. This work is
equal to the product of the kinetic frictional force and the length of the path taken, so over
longer paths, the greater the amount of work is done.
For closed path, the total amount of work done by a non – conservative force is
not equal to zero. For instance, opposing the motion of an object traveling in a closed
path is kinetic frictional force which slows down the object in its track. Other examples, of
non – conservative forces are static friction, air resistance, tension, normal force and
thrust force of the rocket.

P a g e | 10
Module in General Physics 1

The Conservation of Mechanical Energy

In the study of work- energy
theorem, we are led to the consideration
of the potential and kinetic energy. The
sum of these two kinds of energy is called
the total mechanical energy (ET), thus,
ET = KE + PE. This can be expressed in
terms of the net work, Wnet:
Wnet = (KEf – KEi) + (PEf – KEi)
Rearranging the terms, we get:
Wnet = (KEf + PEf) – (KEi + PEi)

https://www.google.com/search?q=The+Conserv
This states that the net work, done by a non – conservative force is equal to the
change in energy from an initial value of Ei to a final value of Ef. The work – energy
theorem can now be written as:
Wnet = Ef – Ei
Thus, we can say that Ef = Ei
NOTE: The formula in computing the PE is mgh.
Sample Problems
1. A cyclist is trying to leap across two hills by cycling horizontally off the taller
hill. The cyclist leaves the taller hill at a speed of 40m/s. Ignoring air
resistance, find the final speed with which the cyclist strikes the ground on the
other hill.
Given: vi = 40m/s; height of taller tree (hi)= 50m; height of small tree (hf) = 20m
Required to find: final velocity (vf)
Soultion:
Using the principle of conservation of mechanical energy:

2. A 5 – m rope is tied to a tree limb and used as a swing. Tarzan holds the rope
in a horizontal orientation. Assuming that the frictional force is zero and there is
no air resistance, determine the speed of Tarzan at the lowest point on the
circular arc of the swing.
Given: length of rope = 5m
Required to find: speed of Tarzan at the bottom of his swing

P a g e | 11
Module in General Physics 1

Solution:
Use the principle of conservation of mechanical energy.

3. A roller coaster ride in a park includes a vertical drop of 60m. Assume that the
roller coaster has a speed of nearly zero when it reaches the top of the hill.
Neglecting friction, find the speed of the riders at the bottom of the hill.
Given: hi = 60m
Required to find: vf
Solution:
Use the principle of conservation of mechanical energy.

P a g e | 12
Module in General Physics 1

ASSESSMENT
Instructions:
1. Kindly go to our schoology.
2. Kindly click Assessment on Lesson 9&10.
3. Answer the questions correctly and encode them properly in accordance
to the direction imprinted on the assessment. Not following instruction is
considered as wrong.
4. Comments and correction will be given to you on the site as well for you
to be guided with the concepts and in solving problems.
5. Any forms of cheating will nullify your result and will be marked as zero.
Note: Opening another tab will result to closing of the quiz!

Final Task: Excel Problem Set

Direction. Read the following questions and show your solution in answering the
problems in a long bond paper. Kindly box your final answer. NOTE: Neat output will
have an additional 10 points (5 points on this task and 5 points on the periodical
examination).

1. During a flood, a rescue helicopter was used to lift up a 97kg person to

safety. The person has an upward acceleration of 0.065m/s 2 and is lifted
from rest to a vertical distance of 13m.
a. What is the tension on the cable?
b. What is the work done by the tension?
c. What is the work done by the person’s weight?
d. What is the speed of the person at 11m?

2. A 2kg piece of gelatin is made to slide down a ramp from point a to point
b. The total distance between points a and b is 2m while the vertical
distance between the same points is 0.80m. If the ramp is frictionless:
a. What type of force is this?
b. How much work does this force do?

3. Fireworks are used to celebrate the New Year. One such firework is the
baby rocket, which is attached to a stick, ignited and allowed to fly off. One
such baby rocket of mass 200g was launched from rest and follows an
erratic path towards an altitude of 29m above the launch point. If the
ignitable material in the rocket provides 425J of work via a non –
conservative force, what would be the velocity of the rocket at 29m?
Ignore the effects of air resistance and the decreasing mass of rocket.

Bible Verse:
Jesus answered, “I am the way and the truth and the life. No one comes to
the Father except through me”
John 14:6

P a g e | 13
Module in General Physics 1

References:
Caintic, H.E. (2017). GENERAL PHYSICS 1 for Senior High School. C&E Publishing, Inc.
De Luna, M. M., De Luna, L. H., & Manzano, R. P. (2012). Physics: Exploring science &
technology: 4th year. Manila: Anvil Publishing.
10 Bible Verse When Life is Uncertain. (2018, September 11).
https://www.951shinefm.com/shine/shine-daily/10-bible-verses-when-life-is-
uncertain/

Prepared by:

RENDIE C. BEDOLIDO, LPT

Subject Teacher

Checked by:

RAYMOND W. DELA CUESTA, LPT, M.A.Ed.

Senior High School Academic Coordinator

Noted by:

ELEANOR C. AGUILLON, LPT, M.A.Ed.

Senior High School Focal Person

P a g e | 14