Thermodynamics II Lab Manual

ME-242L ENGINEERING MECHANICS LAB
(Thermodynamics II)
PRACTICAL HANDOUTS
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Thermodynamics-II Lab LIST OF EXPERIMEN TS
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS -ENGINEERING MECHANICS (thermodynamics)LAB
Exp Lab report no Experiments Page

no no
1 IST-MECH-MHP- Determination of power input, heat output and Coefficient of 6
EXP 01/00 performance
2 IST-MECH-MHP- Production of heat pump performance curves over a range of 8
EXP 02/00 source and delivery temperatures
3 IST-MECH-MHP- Production of vapor compression cycle on p-h diagram and 11
EXP 03/00 energy balance study
4 IST-MECH-MHP- Production of heat pump performance curves Over a range of 16
EXP 04/00 evaporating and condensation temperatures
5 IST-MECH-MHP- Estimation of the effect of compressor pressure ratio on 18

EXP 05/00 volumetric efficiency
Name Designation Signature Date

Prepared By Demonstrator
Reviewed By Lecturer
Approved By HOD
ME 242 L Thermodynamics –II Lab i

Thermodynamics-II Lab TABLE OF CONTENTS
Table of contents
ME 242 L Thermodynamics –II Lab ii

1. Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………… 1
2. Theory…………………………………………………………………………………................ 1
2.1. Closed cycle vapor compression heat pump……………………………………………….. 2
2.2. Vapour compresssion cycle………………………………………………………................... 3
3. Coefficient of performance…………………………………………………………………….
4. General start-up procedures…………………………………………………………………...
5.1.
Experiment : Determination of power input heat output and coefficient of 6
performance……………………………………………………………………………….......
5.1.1. Objective........................................................................................................................... 6
5.1.2. Theory…………………………………….…………………………………………….
5.1.3. Procedure……………………………………………………………………………….
5.1.4. Observations…………………………………………………………………………… 7
5.2.
Experiment: To produce the performance of heat pump over a range of 8
source and delivery temperatures..........................................................................
5.2.1. Objective…………………………………………………………………………...........
5.2.2. Theory……………………………………………………………………………...........
5.2.3. Procedure………………………………………………………………………………
5.2.4. Observations…………………………………………………………………………… 10
5.3. Experiment 3: Production of vapor compression cycle on p-h diagram and

energy balance study
5.3.1. Objective…………………………………………………………………………………. 11
5.3.2. Theory……………………………………………………………………………………. 11
5.3.3. Procedure…………………………………………………………………………………. 14
5.3.4. Observations....................................................................................................................... 15
5.4:
Experiment 4 :Production of heat pump performance curves over a range
of evaporating and condensation
ME 242 L Thermodynamics –II Lab iii

5.4.1 Objective…………………………………………………………………………………...
5.4.2 Theory……………………………………………………………………………………... 16
5.4.3 Procedures …………………………………………………………………………………
5.4.5 Assignments………………………………………………………………………………..
Experiment 5: Estimation of the effect of compressor pressure ratio on

5.5 18
volumetric efficiency
5.5.1 Objective…………………………………………………………………………………… 18
5.5.2 Theory……………………………………………………………………………………… 18
5.5.3 Procedure............................................................................................................................... 19
5.5.4 Assignments........................................................................................................................... 19
5.5.5 Observations......................................................................................................................... 19
I Appendix A…………………………………………………………………………………………. 20
II Appendix B......................................................................................................................................... 24
III Appendix C…………………………...……………………………………………………………. 32
ME 242 L Thermodynamics –II Lab iv

Engineering mechanics (Thermodynamics-II Lab) IST-MECH-MHP-EXP 01/00
MECHANICAL HEAT PUMP
1. Introduction
The EES-Mechanical Heat Pump has been designed to provide students with a practical and
quantitative demonstration of a vapor compression cycle. Refrigerators and heat pumps both apply
the vapor compression cycle, although the applications of these machines differ, the components are
essentially the same.
The Mechanical Heat Pump is capable of demonstrating the heat pump application where a large
freely available energy source, such as the atmosphere is to be upgraded for water heating. The unit
will be of particular interest to those studying Mechanical Engineering, Energy Conservation,
Thermodynamics, Building Services, Chemical Engineering, Plant and Process Engineering,
Refrigeration and Air Conditioning.
2. Theory
A heat pump is a mechanism that absorbs heat from waste source or surrounding to produce valuable
heat on a higher temperature level than that of the heat source. The fundamental idea of all heat
pumps are that heat is absorbed by a medium, which releases the heat at a required temperature
which is higher after a physical or chemical transformation.
Heat pump technology has attracted increasing attention as one of the most promising technologies
to save energy. Areas of interest are, heating of buildings, recovery of industrial waste heat for steam
production and heating of process water for e.g. cleaning and sanitation.
Generally, there are three types of heat pump systems:
1) Closed cycle vapor compression heat pumps (electric and engine driven)
2) Heat transformers (a type of absorption heat pump)
3) Mechanical vapor recompression heat pumps operating at about at 200°C
2.1. Closed Cycle Vapor Compression Heat Pump

Most of the heat pumps operate on the principle of the vapor compression cycle. In this cycle, the
circulating substance is physically separated from the heat source and heat delivery, and is cycling in
a close stream, therefore called ‘closed cycle’. In the heat pump process, the following processes
take place:
1) In the evaporator the heat is extracted from the heat source to boil the circulating substance
2) The circulating substance is compressed by the compressor, raising its pressure and
temperature
3) The heat is delivered to the condenser;
4) The pressure of the circulating substance (working fluid) is reduced back to the evaporator
condition in the throttling valve.
ME 242 L Thermodynamics –II Lab 1

DIRECTED HEAT
OUT
ELECTRICITY CONDENSER
EXPANSION
COMPRESSOR
VALVE
MOTOR
EVAPORATOR
WASTE HEAT IN
Figure 1.1: The closed loop compression cycle
2.2. Vapor Compression Heat Pump System Principles

The labeled components are:
1) Condenser
2) Compressor
3) Expansion Valve
4) Evaporator
Figure1.2: Vapor compression heat pump Cycle

Four basic processes or changes in the condition of the refrigerant occur in a Vapor Compression
Heat Pump Cycle. These four processes shall be illustrated in the most simplistic way with the aid of
above schematic sketch.
i. Compression Process (t1 → t2)

The refrigerant at the pump suction is in gas at low temperature and low Pressure. In order to be able
to use it to achieve the heat pump effect continuously, it must be brought to the liquid form at a high
pressure. The first step in this process is to increase the pressure of the refrigerant gas by using a
compressor. Compressing the gas also results in increasing its temperature.
ii. Condensing Process (t2 → t3)

The refrigerant leaves the compressor as a gas at high temperature and pressure. In order to change it
to a liquid, heat must be removed from it. This is accomplished in a heat exchanger called the
condenser. The refrigerant flows through one circuit in the condenser. In the other circuit, a cooling
fluid flows (normally air or water), at a temperature lower than the refrigerant. Heat is therefore
transferred from the Refrigerant to the Cooling fluid and as a result, the refrigerant condenses to a
liquid state (3). This is where the heating takes place.
iii. Expansion Process (t3 → t4)

At Point (3), the refrigerant is in liquid state at a relatively high pressure and temperature. It flows to
(4) through a restriction called the flow control device or expansion valve. The refrigerant loses
pressure going through the restriction. The Pressure at (4) is so low that a small portion of the
refrigerant flashes (vaporizes) into a gaseous. In order to vaporize, it must gain heat (which it takes
from that portion of the refrigerant that did not vaporize).
iv. Vaporizing Process (t4 → t1)

The refrigerant flows through a heat exchanger called the evaporator. The heat source is at a slightly
higher temperature than the refrigerant, therefore heat is transferred from it to the refrigerant. The
refrigerant boils because of the heat it receives in the evaporator. By the time it leaves the evaporator
(4) it is completely vaporized.
The refrigerant has thus returned to its initial state and is now ready to repeat the cycle, in a
continuous manner

3. Coefficient of Performance
The Coefficient of Performance, (COPH) of a heat pump cycle is an expression of the cycle
efficiency and is stated as the ratio of the heat removed in the heated space to the heat energy
equivalent of the energy supplied to the Compressor
COP H =Heat removed ¿ heated space ¿ the Compressor

Heat energy equivalent of the energy supplied ¿ (1)¿
Thus, for the Theoretical Simple Cycle, this may be written as:
Heating Effect
COP H = (2)
Heat of Compression

4. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES
4.1. General Start-up Procedures

1) Check that the unit and all instruments are in proper condition.
2) Check that the both water source and drain are connected then open the water supply and
set the cooling water flow rate at 1.0 LPM.
3) Check that the drain hose at the condensate collector is connected.
4) Connect the power supply and switch on the main power follows by main switch at the
control panel.
5) Switch on the refrigerant compressor. The unit is now ready for experiment as soon as
temperature and pressures are constant.
4.2. General Shut-down Procedures

1) Switch off the compressor, follows by main switch and power supply.
2) Close the water supply and ensure that water is not left running.

5.1 Experiment 1: Determination of power input heat output and coefficient of performance.
5.1.1 Objective
To determine the power input, heat output and coefficient of performance of a vapour compression
heat pump system
5.1.2 Theory
The coefficient of performance or COP (sometimes CP) of a heat pump is a ratio of heating or
cooling provided to electrical energy consumed. Higher COPs equate to lower operating costs. The
COP may exceed 1, because it is a ratio of output/loss, unlike the thermal efficiency ratio of
output/input energy. For complete systems, COP should include energy consumption of all
auxiliaries. COP is highly dependent on operating conditions, especially absolute temperature and
relative temperature between sink and system, and is often graphed or averaged against expected
conditions he equation is:
Q
COP H = (3)
W
Where
a) Q is the heat supplied to or removed from the reservoir.
b) W is the work consumed by the heat pump.
The COP for heating and cooling are thus different, because the heat reservoir of interest is
different. When one is interested in how well a machine cools, the COP is the ratio of the heat
removed from the cold reservoir to input work. However, for heating, the COP is the ratio of the
heat removed from the cold reservoir plus the heat added to the hot reservoir to the input work:
QH
COPheating = (4)
W
Q H Q c +W
COPheatinng= = (5)
W W
Qc
COPcooking = (6)
W
5.1.3 Procedure
1) Perform the general start-up procedures.
2) Adjust the cooling water flow rate to 2.0 LPM.
3) Allow the system to run for 15 minutes.
4) Record all necessary readings into the experimental data sheet.

5.1.4 Observations
Calculate the followings:
1) Power input
2) Heat output
3) Coefficient of performance
Using the values in table 1.1 compute the power input, Heat output and coefficient of
performance of the heat pump.
Cooling water flow rate, FI2 LPM
Cooling water inlet temperature, TT5 °C
Cooling water outlet temperature, TT6 °C
Active Power at Energy Meter W
Table 1.1 observations for power input, Heat output and COP
To measure the Active Power consumption of Compressor on Energy meter see the Scroll Display
and get the value from the 5th Unit.

5.2 Experiment 2: Production of heat pump performance curves over a range of source and
delivery temperatures
5.2.1 Objective
To produce the performance of heat pump over a range of source and delivery temperatures
5.2.2 Theory
The heat delivered by a heat pump is theoretically the sum of the heat extracted from the heat source
and the energy needed to drive the cycle. The steady-state performance of an electric compression
heat pump at a given set of temperature conditions is referred to as the coefficient of performance
(COP). It is defined as the ratio of heat delivered by the heat pump and the electricity supplied to the
compressor. For engine and thermally driven heat pumps the performance is indicated by the primary
energy ratio (PER). The energy supplied is then the higher heating value (HHV) of the fuel supplied.
For electrically driven heat pumps a PER can also be defined, by multiplying the COP with the
power generation efficiency. The COP or PER of a heat pump is closely related to the temperature
lift, i.e. the difference between the temperature of the heat source and the output temperature of the
heat pump. The COP of an ideal heat pump is determined solely by the condensation temperature
and the temperature lift.
Figure 1.3: Performance curve of heat pump

COOLING WATER
IN
COOLING
WATER WATER
OUT FLOWMETER
(FI2)
TT6 TT5
CONDENSER
COMPRESSER
TT2 TT3 HIGH PRESSURE
(PLATE HEAT EXCHANGER) PS2
CUT-OFF SWITCH
CONDENSER PRESSURE
P2 GAUGE
TT4 RECEIVER
EVAPORATOR
LOW PRESSURE
PS1
CUT-OFF SWITCH EXPANSION FILTER
EVAPORATOR PRESSURE VALVE DRIER
GAUGE
P1
REFRIGERANT
TEMP SENSOR TT1 FLOWMETER
(F11)
Figure1.3: Schematic of mechanical heat pump
5.2.3 Procedure
5) Repeat the experiment with reducing water flow rate so that the cooling water outlet
temperature increases by about 3°C.
6) Repeat similar steps until the compressor delivery pressure reaches around 14.0 bar.
7) The experiment may be repeated at different ambient temperature.

5.2.4 Observation
Plot the performance curves for Heat Pump (Coefficient of performance, Heat Delivered,
Compressor Power Input) versus Temperature of Water Delivered
Test 1 2 3 4

Active Power on Energy Meter W
Table1.2 Observations for performance curve

5.3 Experiment 3
5.3.1 Production of vapor compression cycle on p-h diagram and energy balance study
5.3.2 Objective
1. To plot the vapor compression cycle on the p-h diagram and compare with the ideal cycle.
2. To perform energy balances for the condenser and compressor
5.3.3 Theory
Using the chart of R-134a refrigerant (figure 1.5), we shall attempt to explain the use of it .The chart
is divided into three areas. These three areas are separated from each other by the following:
A. saturated liquid
B. saturated vapor line
a) The area on the chart to the left of the saturated liquid line is called the sub cooled region. At
any point in the sub-cooled region, the refrigerant is in the liquid phase and its temperature is
below saturation temperature corresponding to its pressure.
Figure1.4: chart of R-134a Refrigerant
b) The area to the right of the saturated vapor line is the superheated region, and the refrigerant
is in the form of a superheated vapor.
c) The area between the saturated liquid and the saturated vapor lines is the mixture region and
represents the change in phase of the refrigerant between the liquid and vapor phases. Thus,
at any point between the two saturation lines the refrigerant is in the form of liquid-vapor
mixture.
d) The distance between the two lines along any constant pressure line is known as the “latent
heat of vaporization” at that pressure.

e) The saturated liquid line and saturated vapor line are not exactly parallel to each other
because the “latent heat of vaporization” varies with the pressure at which the change in
phase occurs.
f) This change of phase from liquid to vapor phase takes place progressively from left to right
and the change in phase from vapor to liquid phase occurs from right to left.
g) At any point on the saturated liquid line, the refrigerant is at saturated liquid and at any point
along the saturated vapor line; the refrigerant is a saturated vapor.
h) The horizontal lines, extending across the chart are constant pressure lines.
i) The vertical lines are lines of constant enthalpy.
j) The lines of constant temperature vary, depending on the phase stage. It is almost vertical in
the sub cooled region and is parallel to lines of constant enthalpy.
k) It however changes at the centre section, since the refrigerant changes state at a constant
temperature and pressure, the lines of constant temperature are now, parallel to constant
pressure line.
l) At the saturated vapor line, the lines of constant temperature changes direction again and
upon entering the superheated vapor region, it falls off sharply towards the bottom of the
chart.
m) The enthalpy values are found on the horizontal scale at the bottom of the chart.
n) The magnitude’ of the pressure in bar/MPa is read on the vertical scale at the left side of the
chart.
o) Temperature values in degrees Celsius are found adjacent to constant temperature lines in sub
cooled and superheated regions of the chart on both saturated liquid and saturated vapor lines.
p) It is worthwhile to note that the p-h diagram is based on a mass of the refrigerant, the volume
given is the specific volume, the enthalpy is in kJ per kg, and the entropy is in kJ per kg per
degree of absolute temperature.
Figure1.5: Comparison of two simple saturated cycles operating at

different vaporizing temperatures (figure distorted). (Refrigerant-134a)

Figure 1.7a: Skeleton P-H chart illustrating the three regions of the chart and the
direction of phase changing
Figure 1.7b: Skeleton P-H chart showing oaths of constant pressure, constant
temperature constant
Figure 1.7c:volume, constant enthalpy,
Pressure-enthalpy diagramand
ofconstant
a simpleentropy. (Refrigerant
saturated cycle operating at a
5.3.4 vaporization temperature of 20 F and a condensing temperature of 1000F.
0
(Refrigerant – 134a)

Procedure
2) Adjust the cooling water flow rate to 2.0 LPM and allow the system to run for 15 minutes.
5.3.5 Assignments
1) Plot the experimental vapor compression cycle on the p-h diagram of R-134a and compare with
Table1.3: Observations for vapor compression cycle the ideal
cycle
2) Perform energy balance on the condenser
3) Perform energy balance on the compressor
5.3.6 Observations
Refrigerant flow rate, FI1 cm3/min 0.65

Refrigerant Pressure (Low), P1 Bar(g) 2.2
Refrigerant Pressure (High), P2 Bar(g) 9.5
Refrigerant Temperature, TT1 °C 6.6
Refrigerant Temperature, TT2 °C 58
Refrigerant Temperature, TT3 °C 32
Refrigerant Temperature, TT4 °C 6.2
Active Power of Energy Meter W 325
Cooling water flow rate, FI2 LPM 4
ME 242 L Thermodynamics
Cooling –II water
Lab inlet temperature, TT5 °C 23 14
Cooling water outlet temperature, TT6 °C 30

5.4 Experiment 4
5.4.1 Production of heat pump performance curves over a range of evaporating and
condensation temperatures
5.4.2 Objective
To plot the performance curves of heat pump over a range of evaporating and condensation
temperatures. To find which the saturation is temperature at condensing pressure.
5.4.3 Theory
5.4.3.1 The Heat Pump Process
Mechanical heat pumps exploit the physical properties of a volatile evaporating and condensing fluid
known as a refrigerant. The heat pump compresses the refrigerant to make it hotter on the side to be
warmed, and releases the pressure at the side where heat is absorbed.
Figure1.6: A simple stylized diagram of a heat pump's vapor-compression refrigeration cycle:

1) condenser, 2) expansion valve, 3) evaporator, 4) compressor.
The working fluid, in its gaseous state, is pressurized and circulated through the system by
a compressor. On the discharge side of the compressor, now hot and highly pressurized vapor is
cooled in a heat exchanger, called a condenser, until it condenses into a high pressure, moderate

temperature liquid. The condensed refrigerant then passes through a pressure-lowering device also
called a metering device. This may be an expansion valve, capillary tube, or possibly a work-
extracting device such as a turbine. The low pressure liquid refrigerant then enters another heat
exchanger, the evaporator, in which the fluid absorbs heat and boils. The refrigerant then returns to
the compressor and the cycle is repeated
5.4.4 Procedures
3) Test 1 2 3 Allow the
Refrigerant flow rate, FI1 cm3/min 0.65 0.6 0.65 system to
Refrigerant Pressure (Low), P1 Bar(g) 2.1 2.4 2.9 run for 15
minutes.
Refrigerant Pressure (High), P2 Bar(g) 8.8 9.5 9.8
4) Record all
Refrigerant Temperature, TT1 °C 6 7 9
necessary
Refrigerant Temperature, TT2 °C 55 58 60 readings
Refrigerant Temperature, TT3 °C 36 38 34 into the
Refrigerant Temperature, TT4 °C 5.8 6.2 6.3
Active Power of Energy Meter W 340 406 325
Cooling Water flow rate LPM 2 3 4
experimental data sheet.
5) Repeat the experiment with reducing water flow rate so that the compressor delivery pressure
increases by about 0.6 bar. Maintain the evaporating temperature (TT4) by covering part of
the evaporator for the purpose of lowering the evaporating load
6) Repeat similar steps with water flow rate not less than 1.0 LPM. Make sure that the
compressor delivery pressure does not exceed 14.0 bar.
7) The experiment may be repeated another constant evaporating temperature (TT4).
5.4.5 Assignments
Plot the performance curves for Heat Pump (Coefficient of performance, Heat Delivered,
Compressor Power Input) versus Condensing Temperature
5.4.6 Observations

Table 1.4: Observation for heat performance curve

Graph
Graph 1
Graph 2

5.5 Experiment 5
5.5.1 Estimation of the effect of compressor pressure ratio on volumetric efficiency
5.5.2 Objective
To determine the compression ratio and volumetric efficiency
5.5.3 Theory
5.5.3.1 Compressor pressure ratio
One of the critical parameter in compressor design and selection is the compression ratio, often
denoted as r. the compression ratio is simply the ratio of absolute stay discharge, pressure to the
absolute stage suction pressure.
Because most gases increases in temperature when they are compressed, the final compressor outlet
temperature is always a concern. A high discharge temperature can lead to the failure of internal
components due to material degradation or excessive thermal expansion. Compression ratio is also
important in determining requires horsepower; the higher the ratio, the greater the required
horsepower for the stage.
5.5.3.2 Volumetric efficiency

The volumetric efficiency can be expressed as:
q
η v = (7)
q+ q L

Where
ηv = volumetric
3
efficiency `Refrigerant flow rate, FI1 cm /min
q = volume Refrigerant Pressure (Low), P1 Bar(g) flow out of
the pump or Refrigerant Pressure (High), P2 Bar(g) fan
ql = leakage Refrigerant Temperature, TT1 °C volume flow
Due to leakage of
fluid between the Table 1.5 Observations: Effect of compressor pressure ratio
back surface of the impeller hub plate and the casing, or through other pump components - there is
a volumetric loss reducing the pump efficiency.
5.5.4 Procedure
5) The experiment may be repeated at different compressor delivery pressure.
5.5.5 Assignments
Calculate the followings:
1) Compressor pressure ratio
2) volumetric efficiency
5.5.6 Observations

Appendix A
Experimental Data Sheet
Experiment 1:
Determination of power input, heat output and coefficient of performance
Active Power of Energy Meter W
Table 1.1 observations for power input, Heat output and COP
Experiment 2
Production of heat pump performance curves over a range of source and delivery temperature.
Test 1 2 3 4 5
Table 1.2 Observations for performance curve

Experiment 3
Production of vapour compression cycle on p-h diagram and energy balance study
Refrigerant flow rate, FI1 cm3/min

Refrigerant Pressure (Low), P1 Bar(g)
Refrigerant Pressure (High), P2 Bar(g)
Refrigerant Temperature, TT1 °C


Experiment 4
Production of heat pump performance curves over a range of evaporating and condensation
temperatures
Test 1 2 3 4 5

Table 1.3: Observations for vapor compression cycle

Experiment 5
Estimation of the effect of compressor pressure ratio on volumetric efficiency of heat pump.

Table 1.5 Observations: Effect of compressor pressure ratio
Table 1.4: Observation for heat performance curve


3
2
4
1

Appendix C
Components Properties and Diagrams

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ME-242L ENGINEERING MECHANICS LAB

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS -ENGINEERING MECHANICS (thermodynamics)LAB

Exp Lab report no Experiments Page

5 IST-MECH-MHP- Estimation of the effect of compressor pressure ratio on 18

Name Designation Signature Date

ME 242 L Thermodynamics –II Lab i

ME 242 L Thermodynamics –II Lab ii

4. General start-up procedures…………………………………………………………………...

5.3. Experiment 3: Production of vapor compression cycle on p-h diagram and

ME 242 L Thermodynamics –II Lab iii

Experiment 5: Estimation of the effect of compressor pressure ratio on

III Appendix C…………………………...……………………………………………………………. 32

ME 242 L Thermodynamics –II Lab iv

MECHANICAL HEAT PUMP

2.1. Closed Cycle Vapor Compression Heat Pump

ME 242 L Thermodynamics –II Lab 1

Figure 1.1: The closed loop compression cycle

2.2. Vapor Compression Heat Pump System Principles

Figure1.2: Vapor compression heat pump Cycle

ME 242 L Thermodynamics –II Lab 2

i. Compression Process (t1 → t2)

ii. Condensing Process (t2 → t3)

iii. Expansion Process (t3 → t4)

iv. Vaporizing Process (t4 → t1)

ME 242 L Thermodynamics –II Lab 3

COP H =Heat removed ¿ heated space ¿ the Compressor

ME 242 L Thermodynamics –II Lab 4

4.1. General Start-up Procedures

4.2. General Shut-down Procedures

ME 242 L Thermodynamics –II Lab 5

ME 242 L Thermodynamics –II Lab 6

Cooling water flow rate, FI2 LPM

Cooling water inlet temperature, TT5 °C

Cooling water outlet temperature, TT6 °C

Active Power at Energy Meter W

ME 242 L Thermodynamics –II Lab 7

Figure 1.3: Performance curve of heat pump

ME 242 L Thermodynamics –II Lab 8

Figure1.3: Schematic of mechanical heat pump

ME 242 L Thermodynamics –II Lab 9

Cooling water outlet temperature, TT6 °C

Table1.2 Observations for performance curve

ME 242 L Thermodynamics –II Lab 10

Figure1.4: chart of R-134a Refrigerant

ME 242 L Thermodynamics –II Lab 11

Figure1.5: Comparison of two simple saturated cycles operating at

ME 242 L Thermodynamics –II Lab 12

ME 242 L Thermodynamics –II Lab 13

Refrigerant flow rate, FI1 cm3/min 0.65

Cooling water outlet temperature, TT6 °C 30

Figure1.6: A simple stylized diagram of a heat pump's vapor-compression refrigeration cycle:

ME 242 L Thermodynamics –II Lab 15

ME 242 L Thermodynamics –II Lab 16

Table 1.4: Observation for heat performance curve

ME 242 L Thermodynamics –II Lab 17

ME 242 L Thermodynamics –II Lab 18

5.5.3.2 Volumetric efficiency

ME 242 L Thermodynamics –II Lab 19