12

TLE/EPAS
Quarter 1 – Module 5:
OPERATING PRINCIPLES OF
TELEVISION RECEIVER
CHROMA SECTION
Technical Vocational and Livelihood – Grade 12
Self-Learning Module (SLM)
Quarter 1 – Module 5: OPERATING PRINCIPLE OF TELEVISION RECEIVER CHROMA
SECTION.
First Edition, 2020

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Development Team of the Module

Writers: Jomharlie B. Duclayan
Editors: Roel J. Dorado, Romulus N. Tangpos
Reviewers: Martin I. Diaz
Illustrator:
Layout Artist: Mac Andrew M. Solano II
Cover Art Designer: Reggie D. Galindez
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Fiel Y. Almendra, CESO V – Assistant Regional Director
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Gilbert B. Barrera – Chief, CLMD
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Telefax: (083) 2288825/ (083) 2281893
E-mail Address: [email protected]
 12
TLE/EPAS
Quarter 1- Module 5:
OPERATING PRINCIPLES OF
TELEVISION RECEIVER
CHROMA SECTION
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the TLE Grade 12 Self-Learning Module (SLM) on OPERATING

PRINCIPLE OF TELEVISION RECEIVER CHROMA SECTION.
This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both
from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping
the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming
their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their
needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage
their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

For the learner:

Welcome to the Technology and Vocational Livelihood Self-Learning Module (SLM) on

OPERATING PRINCIPLE OF TELEVISION RECEIVER CHROMA SECTION.

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner
is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and
skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

1
What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the

lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will

help you transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or concerns.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your

level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned. This also tends retention of
learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

2
At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing

this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
the Operating Principle of Television Receiver Chroma Section.
The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different learning situations.
The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons
are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which
you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.

The module consist of one lesson:

Lesson 5 – Operating Principle of Television Receiver Chroma Section.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. explain Television chroma section;
2. determine service information of the television chroma section and identify
its defects;
3. illustrate the schematic diagram, block diagram of television chroma
section and explain its circuit operation; and
4. describe the troubles located in chroma section.

3
 What I Know

Directions: Read and encircle the letter of your answer. Use the activity sheet for
your answer.

1. What is the required voltage supply for the RGB transistor amplifier?
a. 60VDC
b. 60VAC
c. 180VDC
d. 180VAC

2. What will happen if the red drive transistor amplifier is defective?

a. the color of video will turn to cyan.
b. the color of video will turn to yellow.
c. the color of video will turn to magenta.
d. the color of video will turn to green.

3. Why does collector bias resistors for RGB transistor amplifiers become too
hot when the television is in operation?
a. due to short components around the RGB circuit.
b. due to over current from the flyback transformer.
c. due to change resistance.
d. due to open components on RGB circuit.

4. If 200V supply is missing, which of the following will be a result?

a. retracing lines on screen
b. too much red video
c. too much blue video
d. too much yellow video

5. In color television, what is usually represented as two color-difference

components: U’=B’ and V’=R’-Y’?
a. chrominance
b. luminance
c. chrome
d. luma

6. If green color is missing what color combination may appear on the

television screen?
a. video will turn to magenta.
b. video will turn to cyan.
c. video will turn to red.
d. video will turn to black & white.

4
 7. It is the portion of an analog or digital video signal that carries color
information, and in many video application.
a. chrominance
b. chroma
c. chrome
d. chromatic

8. If blue color is missing, what color combination may appear on television

screen?
a. video will turn to magenta.
b. video will turn to cyan.
c. video will turn to yellow.
d. video will turn to black & white.

9. Red transistor amplifier base bias is 0.3V, green transistor amplifier base
bias is 0.3V, and blue transistor base bias is 0.8V. Which of the following
transistor biasing best describes the statement?
a. red color becomes saturated.
b. green color becomes saturated.
c. blue color becomes saturated.
d. yellow color becomes saturated.

10. How will you fix too much green color video of television?
a. check the collector voltage and base bias of red drive transistor.
b. check the collector voltage and base bias of blue drive transistor.
c. check the collector voltage and base bias of green drive transistor.
d. check the 200V supply.

11. Which electronic device in block diagram of chroma section helps in extracting
a signal of lower frequency from a modulated signal?
a. video amplifier
b. burst separator
c. luminance amplifier
d. demodulator

12. What is the best remedy if the video displayed a rainbow effect or other
discoloration?
a. adjust the deflection yoke.
b. replace the RGB transistor amplifiers.
c. replace the three collector bias resistors.
d. adjust the convergence ring to realign colors.

13. What will happen if the base bias of RGB transistor amplifiers increased?
a. the intensity of colors increases.
b. the intensity of colors decreases.
c. the intensity of colors is normal.
d. the intensity of colors is not affected.

5
14. What electronic device in block diagram of chroma section determines the
average strength of matrixes red, blue and green video signals from a
foreground camera and compares the average with a reference value?
a. demodulator
b. chroma amplifier
c. luminance amplifier
d. subcarrier regeneration

15. How will you analyze color problems in television?

a. do wattage testing
b. do voltage testing on the initial test point
c. check the dry joints
d. check the heater circuit

6
 Lesson Operating Principles of

5 Television Receiver Chroma

Stage

What’s In

Activity 1

Direction: Give the brief description of the two types of transformers shown
below. Use activity sheet for your answer.

What’s New

Activity 2
Direction: Below is an image of an electrical bulb. Fill in the rectangular shape with
its exact color word chronologically. Use activity sheet for your answer.

7
 What is It
Television Chroma Section

A monitor or TV screen generates three colors of light (red, green, and blue) and
the different colors we see are due to different combinations and intensities of
these three primary colors. The phosphors emit light when struck by the electron
beams produced by the electron guns at the rear of the tube.

In color television, Red, green and blue are TV's primary colors, and yellow,
magenta, and cyan are considered secondary colors. In essence, the color
TV process is based on the process of separating (in the camera) and then
combining (in a TV set) different proportions of red, green and blue.

The main function of the electrongun is to produce and accelerate the beam of
an electron inside the vacuum tube of the CRT. For generating and accelerating
the gun requires the heater, cathode electrodes, grid, and different types of
anodes.

8
Chromais the portion of an analog or digital video signal that carries color
information, and in many video applications it can be adjusted independently of
the luma of the image. The color of any recorded subject with an
encoded chroma component has two characteristics: hue and saturation.

Chrominance (chroma or C for short) is the signal used in video systems to

convey the color information of the picture, separately from the accompanying
luma signal (or Y' for short).

Chrominance is usually represented as two color-difference components: U = B′

− Y′ (blue − luma) and V = R′ − Y′ (red − luma).

Luminance refers to brightness and chrominance refers to color. Sometimes

when removing noise in an image, you will get a lot of chromatic noise created by
the de-speckle or whatever filter you are using.

Block Diagram of Television Chroma Section

Block Diagram of Chroma Section

9
1. Demodulator is an electronic device, which helps in extracting a signal of
lower frequency from a modulated signal (which is a combination of modulating
signal and carrier wave).

2. Video Amplifier a wide-band tube or semiconductor amplifier used

in television, radar, oscillographs, and other equipment to amplify video signals
before passing them on to a cathode-ray tube.

3. Luminance Amplifier determines the average strength of matrixed red, blue

and green video signals from a foreground camera and compares the average with
a reference value.

10
4. Burst Separator is a circuit in a television receiver that separates the color
burst from the composite video signal.

5. Chroma Amplifier comprises a first pair of emitter-coupled transistors

receiving a current source which has a D.C. operating component and an A.C.
chroma signal component. A second pair of emitter-coupled transistors receives
another current source which has only a D.C. operating component substantially
equal to that received by the first pair of transistors. A variable ACC voltage and
a substantially fixed bias voltage are applied to selected base terminals of the
transistors such that one of the first pairs of transistors develops a gain
controlled A.C. chroma signal output and one of the second pair of transistors
develops an ACC-varied D.C. output signal free of chroma component. The latter
signal drives a low power color killer for quenching color reproduction when the
color component of the broadcast signal is missing or is of very low amplitude.

6. Subcarrier Regeneration controls the frequency of crystal oscillator.

7. R-Y, G-Y, B-Y Demodulator In a chrominance signal demodulating system a

locally regenerated chrominance subcarrier signal is phase shifted to produce R-
Y, G-Y and B-Y phase subcarrier signals, which are applied to respective color
difference signal demodulators together with the chrominance signal to be
demodulated for producing demodulated R-Y, G-Y and B-Y color image difference
signals. The subcarrier signal is at the "I" phase and is processed by an automatic

11
flesh tone correction network responsive to chrominance signal phases in the
vicinity of I phase.

Schematic Diagram of Television Chroma Stage

8. Chroma IC The NTE7008 is a small–sized multifunctional IC in a 30–Lead DIP

type package containing the “video, chroma, deflection” circuit of a NTSC color
TV. Its function is to provide color signal.

9. RGB Amplifier transistors A transistor matrix circuit for a color television

receiver which receives a luminance signal, and color difference signals, and
provides color signals.

12
3. 180 to 200 VDC is the supply for the color drive transistor also known as
RGB amplifier transistors. This 180VDC is simply rectified by a half – wave power
supply.

10. Convergence ring is found in rear-projection a CRT (cathode ray tube)

television that enables the user to realign the three individual picture tubes used
to create the red, blue and green portions of the picture when the video displays
a rainbow effect or other discoloration.

13
When a television in a shop with color problems but audio is OK, the best
place to start the troubleshooting this kind of problem is the small CRT neck
circuit attached to the back of the CRT tube.

Usually color problems are easy to solve if you do some preparation to analyze
failure on this circuit and the best way to analyze this faults is to do voltage
testing on the critical test point of this circuit and by so doing you will narrow
down to the actual fault section pretty fast.
But first you need to have a rough estimate of the actual voltages expected on
those test points in order to analyze the information correctly.
Below is a chart of estimated voltages at those points but may vary from set
to set but not too far from the figures below.

Now that there is something on the screen it means the HV is present and
therefore the fly back is okay and the heater circuit is okay and therefore not
considered for troubleshooting.
First, check for dry joints around this circuit by tapping this small
board with the back of your screw driver and see if the color changes every
time tapping this circuit softly.
Invest on a mirror (medium size) and observe the screen from the mirror when
working behind the television and see the screen without straining yourself.

14
 If the color keep on changing or you see some splashes on the screen expect
dry joints around this board and therefore you should re solder it thoroughly.

After that it is now time to do some voltage testing starting with

the three cathodes pins on the CRT neck board.

In some television it is marked as KB, KG and KR, take the voltage

between and the cold ground and record the three voltages.

Move meter and test the base of the three RGB transistor amplifier and
record down the figures and finally test the voltage at the emitter of each of
the transistors and write down.

The Red Cathode should have three measurements for Collector, base
and emitter. Please note that the Collector voltage is almost same as the
Cathode pin voltages.

Also pay attention to the main supply for the RGB amplifier marked with the
violet/purple color below because if it fails it will affect all the three cathodes.

It is usually around 190 Volts dc and after passing a high value resistor is
reduced to 145 volts on to the collector of the RGB transistors.

15
If you measure and find any voltage at the cathode pin is zero perhaps one of
these high values is open and you can check with your meter.
Other cause of low voltage at the cathode pin is the transistor is shorted
collector-emitter junction hence creating a short to the ground.
Also if the base bias voltage is high it means the transistor is conduct
more and take the collector voltage to the ground.
When this situation happens where the collector voltage is reduced usually
results in that particular color increasing in intensity.

On the other hand if you find the collector/or the cathode voltage is high,
for example you get 190 volts instead of 145 volts this means the actual transistor
is open or there is no bias voltage at the base.
Any faults which make the collector voltage to increase usually causes that
color to disappear and therefore if the green color is missing the screen will be
purple/violet Blue missing screen will be yellow and if the red color is missing
screen will be skyblue.

Also if the bias voltage is high for example if the green Base voltage is 3V, and
blue base voltage is 3V and the red base voltage is 8V then the screen will be too
red.

Point to remember:

Touch the big value resistor on this circuit and if any is too hot it means there
is a shorted component on that line, also if the resistor is cold means there is an
open component or circuit or even the very resistor isopen.
This can help to narrow down the problem if it is being caused by short or
open faults.

16
 What’s More

Activity 3

Direction: Given the block diagram below, identify the numbered parts of television
chroma section. Use the activity sheets for your answer.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

What I Have Learned

Activity 4
Direction: illustrate a block diagram of television chroma section using the following
terms below. Use the activity sheets for your answer.

1. What is TV Chroma Section?

2. What are the service information of the TV chroma section and identify its
defects?
3. Illustrate schematic diagram and block diagram of TV chroma section.
4. What are the troubles in chroma section?

17
 What I Can Do

Activity 5

Direction: Indicate the possible causes of chroma stage trouble below and
give the best remedy to solve the problem.

Symptoms Description Possible Defects

1. 1. 1.
2.
3.

2. 1.

2.

3.

4.

3. 1.

2.

3.

4.

18
 4. 1.

2.

3.

4.
4.

5. 5. 1.

2.

3.

4.

6. 6. 1.

2.

3.

7. 1.

2.

3.

7.

19
 8. 1.

2.

3.

8.

9. 9. 1.

2.

3.

10. 1.

2.

3.
10.

11. 11. 1.

2.

3.

12. 1.

2.

3.

12.

20
 Assessment

Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. If green color is missing what color combination may appear on the
television screen?
a. video will turn to magenta.
b. video will turn to cyan.
c. video will turn to red.
d. video will turn to black & white.

2. Which electronic device in block diagram of chroma section helps in

extracting a signal of lower frequency from a modulated signal?
a. video amplifier
b. burst separator
c. luminance amplifier
d. demodulator

3. Red transistor amplifier base bias is 0.3V, green transistor amplifier base
bias is 0.3V, and blue transistor base bias is 0.8V. Which of the following
transistor biasing best describes the statement?
a. red color becomes saturated
b. green color becomes saturated
c. blue color becomes saturated
d. yellow color becomes saturated

4. What will happen if the base bias of RGB transistor amplifiers increases?
a. the intensity of colors increases
b. the intensity of colors decreases
c. the intensity of colors is normal
d. the intensity of colors is not affected

5. How will you fix too much green color video of television?
a. check the collector voltage and base bias of red drive transistor
b. check the collector voltage and base bias of blue drive transistor
c. check the collector voltage and base bias of green drive transistor
d. check the 200v supply

6. If blue color is missing, what color combination may appear on television

screen?
a. video will turn to magenta
b. video will turn to cyan
c. video will turn to yellow

21
 d. video will turn to black & white

7. What is the required voltage supply for the RGB transistor amplifier?
a. 60VDC
b. 60VAC
c. 180VDC
d. 180VAC

8. How will you analyze color problems in television?

a. do wattage testing
b. do voltage testing on the initial test point
c. check the dry joints
d. check the heater circuit

9. Why collector bias resistors for RGB transistor amplifiers become too hot
when the television is in operation.
a. due to short components around the rgb circuit.
b. due to over current from the flyback transformer.
c. due to change resistance.
d. due to open components on RGB circuit.

10. In color television, what is usually represented as two color-difference

components: U’=B’ and V’=R’-Y’?
a. chrominance
b. luminance
c. chrome
d. luma

11. What will happen if the red drive transistor amplifier is defective?
a. the color of video will turn to cyan
b. the color of video will turn to yellow
c. the color of video will turn to magenta
d. the color of video will turn to green

12. If 200V supply is missing, which of the following will be a result?

a. retracing lines on screen
b. too much red video
c. too much blue video
d. too much yellow video

13. What electronic device in block diagram of chroma section determines the
average strength of matrixes red, blue and green video signals from a
foreground camera and compares the average with a reference value?
a. demodulator
b. chroma amplifier
c. luminance amplifier
d. subcarrier regeneration

22
 14. If the video displays a rainbow effect or other discoloration, what is the best
remedy?
a. adjust the deflection yoke
b. replace the rgb transistor amplifiers
c. replace the three collector bias resistors
d. adjust the convergence ring to realign colors

15. It is the portion of an analog or digital video signal that carries color
information, and in many video application.
a. chrominance
b. chroma
c. chrome
d. chromatic

Additional Activities

Activity 6

23
Direction: Given the schematic diagram below, name the numbered parts of
television chroma section. Use activity sheet for your answer.

24
 Answer Key

What I have learned

25
26
References
Humphrey Kimath, CRT TV Repair Course

27
References:
CRT TV Repair Course - Humphrey Kimathi
 DISCLAIMER
This Self-learning Module (SLM) was developed by DepEd SOCCSKSARGEN
with the primary objective of preparing for and addressing the new normal.
Contents of this module were based on DepEd’s Most Essential Learning
Competencies (MELC). This is a supplementary material to be used by all
learners of Region XII in all public schools beginning SY 2020-2021. The
process of LR development was observed in the production of this module.
This is version 1.0. We highly encourage feedback, comments, and
recommendations.

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – SOCCSKSARGEN

Learning Resource Management System (LRMS)

Regional Center, Brgy. Carpenter Hill, City of Koronadal

Telefax No.: (083) 2288825/ (083) 2281893

Email Address: [email protected]