Pre-Calculus

Quarter 1 – Module 8:
The Hyperbola
Pre-Calculus – Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 8: The Hyperbola
First Edition, 2020

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 Pre-Calculus
Quarter 1 – Module 8:
The Hyperbola
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Pre-Calculus – Grade 11 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM)

Module on The Hyperbola!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators

both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in

helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while

overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and

independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also

aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into

consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the

body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this

module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them

to manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and

assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

1
For the learner:

Welcome to the Pre-Calculus – Grade 11 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM)

Module on The Hyperbola!

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often
used to depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create
and accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a
learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant
competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in
your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an
active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in
the module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of

the lesson. This aims to help you discover
and understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to
process what you learned from the lesson.

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 What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will
help you transfer your new knowledge or
skill into real life situations or concerns.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your

level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of
the lesson learned. This also tends retention
of learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in

developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of
the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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 What I Need to Know

This module in Pre-Calculus presents as more efficiency to help the learners to

easily understand the different learning competencies.

At the end of the lesson, the learner shall be able to at least 80% level of

proficiency:

1. Define a hyperbola. (STEM_PC11AG-Id-1)

a. explain the definition of a hyperbola;

b. determine and identify the other properties of a hyperbola;

c. identify and transform a standard form of a hyperbola into general form of

equation and vice versa.

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 What I Know

A. Identify the correct answer inside the box through the given statements below.

A. Origin F. Hyperbola K. Parabola

B. Focus G. Conjugate Axis L. Eccentricity
C. Vertex H. Latus Rectum
D. Asymptote I. Ellipse
E. Transverse Axis J. Ax2 - By2 + DX+ Ey + F = 0

1. What equation is 4x2 - y2 =16.

2. The line through the foci intersects the hyperbola at two points.
3. A fixed straight line (the directrix) are always in the same ratio.
4. The line through the focus and parallel to the directrix.
5. Standard form of hyperbola.

B. Label the illustration of hyperbola that shown below.

C. Equate the general form of equation into standard form.

1. 3x 2  6 x  y 2  4 y  7
2. 3x 2  12 y 2  12
3. 9 x 2  y 2  9

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Lesson
The Hyperbola
8
Introduction

Hyperbolas are one of the four conic sections and are described by certain
kinds of equations. It is the set of all points (x,y) in the plane such that the
difference of the distances between (x,y) and the foci is a positive constant. Also,
a hyperbola is a conic section that intersecting in a right circular cone with the
plane at an angle such that both halves of the cone are intersected. The
intersection produces two separate unbounded curves that are mirror images of
each other.

What’s In

Which of the following are not in General Equations of an Ellipse?

5x2+25y2+2x+5y+100=0 7x2+49x+2y+2=0 x2+4y2+10x+16y+25=0

2x2+2x+5y+4=0 7x2-2y2+49x+4y+56=0 x2+4x-2y+16=0

2x2+4y2+4x+8y+16=0 9x2+3x+2y+54=0 3x2+6y2+9x+25y+36=0

Solve the equations by choosing the correct answer.

1. What is the area enclosed by the curve 9a2 + 25b2 - 225 = 0?

A. 47. 12 B. 50.22 C. 63.81 D. 72.32

2. The lengths of the major and minor axes of an ellipse are 10mm and 8 mm,
respectively. Find the distance between the foci.
A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6

a 2 b2
3. The length of the latus rectum for the ellipse   1 is equal to.
64 16
A.2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5

6
4. An ellipse with an eccentricity of 0.65 and has one of its foci 2 units from the
center. Find the unit length of the latus rectum.
A. 3.55 units B. 3.85 units C. 4.21 units D. 3.22 units
5. An earth satellite has an apogee of 40,000 m and a perigee of 6,600 m. Assuming
the radius of the earth ns 6,40O m, what will be the eccentricity of the elliptical
path described by the satellite with the center of the earth at one of the foci?
A 0.46 B. 0.49 C. 0.52 D. 0.56

Notes to the Teacher

This module in Pre-Calculus the learner shall answer the activity
mention above to review if the learners are ready to proceed into
their lesson title “Hyperbola”.

What’s New

Jumble Games

This game called a Jumble Words, which you must unscramble the words to solve
the jumble words.

Let’s play !

1. REVXET
2. TRANSERVES SIXA

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3. MASYPOTTE
4. IGINOR
5. PERHYBALO
6. CONGUJATE SIXA
7. CUSOF
8. SELLPIE
9. SUTAL MUTCER
10. ECCCIENTRITY

Clue:
1. 1 Word - 6 letters : common endpoint of two or more rays or line segments.
2. 2 Words : The axis of a hyperbola that passes through the two foci.
3. 1 Word - 9 Letters : Pass through the center of the hyperbola (h, k) and intersect
the vertices of a rectangle with side lengths of 2a and 2b.
4. 1 Word - 6 Letters : center, has a coordinates of (0,0).
5. 1 Word - 9 Letters : equal to the length of the transverse axis.
6. 2 Words : the one that is perpendicular to the transverse axis.
7. 1 Word - 5 Letters : Two fixed points located inside each curve of
a hyperbola that are used in the curves.
8. 1 Word - 7 Letters : a plane curve surrounding two focal points, such that for all
points on the curve, the sum of the two distances to the
focal points is a constant.
9. 2 Words : The line through the focus and parallel to the directrix.
10. 1 Word - 12 Letters : A fixed straight line (the directrix) are always in the same
ratio.

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 What is It

Definition and Equation of a Hyperbola

A hyperbola is a locus of a point which moves so that the difference of the
distances to the fixed points (foci) is constant and is equal to the length of the
transverse axis (2a) .

Similarly in definition, F1 and F2 be two distinct points. All set points P, whose
distances from F1 and from F2 differ by a certain constant that called a hyperbola.
Foci of a hyperbola are the points F1 and F2 .

Derivation Let’s derive the standard equation of hyperbola!

of
Formulas!
The two points on the x-axis the foci, F1(−c, 0) and F2 (c,
0), both c units away from the origin (0, 0). This
midpoint is the center of the hyperbola. To derive the
standard equation let P(x, y) be a point on the hyperbola,
and let the absolute value of the difference of the distances of P from F1 and F2, be
2a.

Thus, |P F1 − P F2| = 2a, and

Then; (x + c)2 + y2 − (x − c)2 + y2 = 2a.

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To simplify in algebraic manipulations allow us to rewrite this into:

x2 y 2
 1, where b  c 2  a 2
a 2 b2
When we let b  c 2  a 2 , we assumed c > a.
To see why this is true, suppose that P is closer to F2, so P F1 − P F2 = 2a.

Suppose also that P is not on the x-axis, so P F1F2 is formed. From the triangle
inequality, F1F2 + P F2 > P F1. Thus, 2c > P F1 − P F2 = 2a, so c > a.

Now we present a derivation.

For now, assume P is closer to F2 so P F1 > P F2, and P F1 − P F2 = 2a.

P F1 = 2a + P F2 .

Thus, √ (x + c)2 + y2 = 2a + √ (x − c)2 + y2

(√ (x + c)2 + y2 )2 = (2a + √ (x − c)2 + y2 )2 .

Then, cx − a2 = a √ (x − c)2 + y2

(cx − a2)2 = (a √ (x − c)2 + y2)2 .

Simplify ( c2 − a2 ) x2 − a2 y2 = a2 ( c2 − a2 )

b2x2 − a2y2 = a2b2

by letting b = √ c 2 − a 2 > 0

x2 y 2
 1
a 2 b2 .

Therefore, the standard equation of hyperbola must be:

x2 y 2
 1 Standard Equation
a 2 b2 of Hyperbola

Let c = √ a2 + b2 .

Standard and General Form of a Hyperbolas

General equations:
Formula (Horizontal): Ax2 - Cy2 + Dx + Ey + F = 0
Formula (Vertical): Cy2 - Ax2 + Dx + Ey + F = 0

Standard equations: Center, C at (0,0) & C at (h,k)

x 2
y 2
( x  h) 2 ( y  k ) 2
Transverse axis horizontal:  1  1
a 2 b2 or a2 b2

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 y2 x2 ( y  k ) 2 ( x  h) 2
Transverse axis Vertical: 2  2  1  1
a b or a2 b2
To transform an equation from Standard form to General Equation:

1. Center, C at (0,0)
x2 y 2
Transverse axis horizontal:  1
a 2 b2
x2 y2
Example : 2  2  1
5 2
To solve:
x2 y2
 1 Expand the equation and
52 2 2
eliminate the denominator by
x2 y2
 1 factorial method.
25 4
( 4)  ( x 2 ) ( 25)  ( y 2 )
  (1)  ( 25)  ( 4) Simplify the equation to
25 4
transform into a General
Therefore the answer must be: Equation.
4 x 2  25 y 2  100

2. Center, C at (h,k)
( y  k ) 2 ( x  h) 2
Transverse axis Vertical:  1
a2 b2
( y  3) 2 ( x  2) 2
 1 Expand the equation and
32 12 eliminate the denominator by
( y  3) 2 ( x  2) 2 factorial method.
 1
9 1
(9)  ( y  3) 2 (1)  ( x  2) 2
  (1)  (9)  (1) Expand the numerator and simplify
9 1 the equation to transform into a
[(9)  ( y  3)  ( y  3)]  [(1)  ( x  2)  ( x  2)]  9 General Equation.
[(9)  ( y 2  6 y  9)]  [(1)  ( x 2  4 x  4)]  9
[(9 y 2  54 y  81)]  [( x 2  4 x  4)]  9
9 y 2  54 y  81  x 2  4 x  4  9
9 y 2  54 y  x 2  4 x  68  0 Remember that the general equation is :
Therefore the answer must be: Cy2 - Ax2 + Dx + Ey + F = 0
9 y 2  x 2  4 x  54 y  68  0

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 More Properties of Hyperbolas

The illustration shown and it indicates the other properties of a hyperbola.

A. Center : origin (0, 0)

B. Foci: F1(−c, 0) and F2(c, 0) ; (Foci, plural of Focus)

Focus has a distance known c units away from the center.

In any point on the hyperbola, the absolute value of the difference of its distances
from the foci is 2a.
C. Vertices: V1(−a, 0) and V2(a, 0)

Vertices are the points on the hyperbola, collinear with the center and foci.
Thus; if y = 0, then x = ± a. In each vertex is a units away from the center.
The segment V1V2 is called the transverse axis. Its length is 2a.

b b
D. Asymptotes: y  x and y   x .
a a
• The two lines passing through the center which serve as a guide in graphing the
hyperbola are called asymptotes. In each branch of the hyperbola gets closer and
closer to the asymptotes, in the direction towards which the branch extends.

• In determining the equations of the asymptotes: in the standard equation, replace

x2 y2
1 by 0, and in the resulting equation   0 , solve for y.
a2 a2

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• In the illustration above, we point out that the asymptotes are the extended
diagonals of the auxiliary rectangle drawn in. Auxiliary rectangle has sides 2a
and 2b with its diagonals intersecting at the center C. Two sides are congruent and
parallel to the transverse axis V1V2. Then the other two sides are congruent and
parallel to the conjugate axis, the segment shown which is perpendicular to the
transverse axis at the center, and has length 2b.

E. Transverse axis is the axis that passes through the foci, vertices, and the center
of the hyperbola; while the conjugate axis is the one that is perpendicular to the
transverse axis.

F. The eccentricity of a hyperbola is the ratio of the distance to the focus to the
distance to the directrix.
• Since a > c and D > a, then the eccentricity of a hyperbola is always greater than
1. e > 1
c a
•e  or e 
a D

G. The latus rectum of an ellipse is a line that passes through the focus and
perpendicular to the axis of the conic.
• where: a = semi-major axis
b = semi-minor axis
2b 2
• LR 
a

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 What’s More

Let’s do some practices!

Let’s check if you still remember the position and other properties of a hyperbola.
Define and label all the properties of a hyperbola by choosing the word inside the
boxes.

ASYMPTOTE ECCENTRICITY DIRECTICES

CENTER VERTEX AUXILIARY RECTANGLE FOCUS

CONJUGATE AXIS TRANSVERSE AXIS CONVERTEX

Transform the Standard Equations of a Hyperbola into General form.

11. ( x  1 )  ( y  2 )  1
2 2

2 2
2 3
12. ( y  3 )  ( x  2 )  1
2 2

4 2
2 2
13. x  y  1
7 5
Transform the General Equations of a Hyperbola into Standard form.
14. 9 x 2  4 y 2  18 x  16 y  11
15 2 y 2  4 x 2  16 x  12 y  6
Rubrics for your output Definition.

Outstanding Satisfactory Developing Beginning

Criteria
4 3 2 1
Mathematical Explanation Explanation Explanation Explanation
reasoning shows shows shows gaps in shows illogical
thorough substantial reasoning. reasoning.
reasoning and reasoning.
insightful
justification.

14
 What I Have Learned

Pick a Word!

Some words are missing in the paragraph. There are nine boxes below with
different words. You must choose the right word to complete the definition of
hyperbola.

ASYMPTOTE SET OF ALL MIRROR IMAGES

POINTS

FOCI HYPERBOLAS CONIC SECTION

POSTIVE CONSTANT INTERSECTED ECCENTRICITY

are one of the four conic sections, and are described by certain kinds of
equations. It is the (x,y) in a plane such that the difference of the
distances between (x,y) and the is a . Also, a hyperbola is
a that intersecting in a right circular cone with a plane at an angle such
that both halves of the cone are . The intersection produces two separate
unbounded curves that are of each other.

Match Column A to Column B

Column A Column B

1. A rectangle that has sides 2a and 2b with A. Eccentricity

its diagonals intersecting at the center C.
2. The ratio of the distance to the focus to the B. Asymptote
distance to the directrix.
3. A line that passes through the focus and C. Conjugate Axis
perpendicular to the axis of the conic.
4. Coordinates (0,0). D. Origin
5. Two diagonal lines passing the midpoint or
origin of a hyperbola. E. Auxiliary Rectangle

F. Latus Rectum

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 What I Can Do

A.Write YES if the equation is in General Equations of a Hyperbola and NO if not.

1 . 7x2 - 2y2 +25x+49y-6=0 5 . 8x2 - 9y2 +27x+12y-9=0

2 . x2+3y2 +21x+12y+78=0 6 . 5x2 -25y2 +10x+25y-5=0

3 . 4y2 + 5x2 +21x-12y-5=0 7 . x2 + 3y2 +21x-17y-7=0

4 . 2x2 - 3y2 +27x+14y-6=0 8 . 8x2 + 5y2 +8x-6y-3=0

B.Transform the Standard Equations of a Hyperbola into general form.

2x2 y2
 1
9. 8 49
y 2 x2
 1
10. 4 36
( x  2) 2 ( y  4) 2
 1
11. 2 4
( x  4) 2 ( y  1) 2
 1
12. 2 3

C. Identifications.
Identify the statement below and write the properties of a hyperbola.

13. A line that passes through the focus and perpendicular to the axis of the conic.
14. Two diagonal lines passing the midpoint or origin of a hyperbola.
15. A rectangle that has sides 2a and 2b with its diagonals intersecting at the
center C.
D. Write True if the statement is correct and False if the statement is wrong.
16. Hyperbola is a locus of a point which moves so that the difference of the
distances to the fixed points (foci) is constant and is equal to the length of the
transverse axis (2a) .
17. The latus rectum of an ellipse is a line that passes through the focus and
perpendicular to the axis of the conic.
18. The asymptote of a hyperbola is the ratio of the distance to the focus to the
distance to the directrix.
19. The conjugate axis is the axis that passes through the foci, vertices and the
center of the hyperbola.
20. The transverse axis is the one that is perpendicular to the transverse axis.

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 Assessment

A. Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. The ratio of the distance to the focus to the distance to the directrix.
a. Eccentricity b. Conjugate Axis c. Latus Rectum d. Hyperbola
2. The points on the hyperbola, collinear with the center and foci.
a. Eccentricity b. Vertices c. Asymptote d. Hyperbola
3. The two lines passing through the center which serve as a guide in graphing the
hyperbola.
a. Eccentricity b. Conjugate Axis c. Asymptote d. Transverse Axis
4. A rectangle that has sides 2a and 2b with its diagonals intersecting at the center
C.
a. Auxiliary Rectangle b. Eccentricity c. Latus Rectum d. Vertices
5. An ellipse is a line that passes through the focus and perpendicular to the axis of
the conic.
a. Asymptote b. Conjugate Axis c. Latus Rectum d. Transverse Axis
B. Transform the following into standard equation:
6. 4 y 2  x 2  16
7. x 2  2 y 2  4 x  12 y  7
8. 3 x 2  y 2  27
Transform the following into general equation:
2 2
9. 4 y  x  1
2 3
10. ( x  3 )  ( y  1 )  1
2 2

3 3
2 2
11. x  y  1
4 2
12 ( y  1 )  ( x  2 )  1
2 2

2 4
C. Essay. Explain the following briefly:
13.Define the word hyperbola.
14.Give the similarity between conjugate axis and transverse axis.
15.Define eccentricity.

Rubrics for your output Essay

Outstanding Satisfactory Developing Beginning

Criteria
4 3 2 1
Mathematical Explanation Explanation Explanation Explanation
reasoning shows shows shows gaps in shows illogical
thorough substantial reasoning. reasoning.
reasoning and reasoning.
insightful
justification.

17
 Additional Activities

Evaluate the following into general equation of a hyperbola.

x2 y2
1.  1
25 49

y2 x2
2. 2  2  1
5 4

( y  2) 2 ( x  3) 2
3.  1
22 62

( x  2) 2 ( y  1) 2
4.  1
22 42

x2 y2
5.  1
81 49

( x  3) 2 ( y  5) 2
6.  1
62 72

( x  5) 2 ( y  1) 2
7.  1
12 42

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 19
Assessment: What I Can Do: What I Have
1. A Learned:
2. B 1. YES
Additional Activities: 3. C 2. NO
4. A 1. Hyperbolas
5. C
3. NO
2. Set of all
1. B. 4. YES
6.
points
5. YES
3. Foci
2. 6. YES
7. 4. Positive
7. NO
Constant
3. 8. 8. NO 5. Conic Section
9. A. Not in a
6. Intersected
9. Standard Form
4. 7. Mirror images
10. 10. B. Standard
B.
11. Form
1.E
5. 12. 11. C. Not in a
2.A
C. Essay Standard Form
3.F
13.A hyperbola defined as a 12. D.Standard
conic section that intersecting in 4.D
6. a right circular cone with a
Form
5.B
plane at an angle such that both 13. E.Standard
halves of the cone are Form
intersected.
7. 14.Transverse axis is the axis 14. F.Standard
that passes through the foci, Form
vertices and the center of the 15. Foci
hyperbola while the conjugate
axis is the one that is
16. Asymptote
perpendicular to the transverse 17. Vertex
axis. 18. Transverse
15.The eccentricity of a
hyperbola is the ratio of the
Axis
distance to the focus to the 19. Conjugate Axis
distance to the directrix. 20. Auxiliary
What’s More: What I Know:
What’s New: What’s In:
Definition Varies: 1. F
1. Vertex 1. Vertex 2. C
Not in general form
2. Transverse Axis 2. Tranverse Axis 3. L
of an Ellipse are;
3. Convertex 3. Asymptote 4. H
4. Conjugate Axis 4. Origin 1. 5. J
5. Directices 5. Hyperbola Illustration:
2.
6. Focus 6. Conjugate Axis 1. Foci
7. Asymptote 3. 2. Vertex
7. Focus
8. Auxiliary Rectangle 8. Ellipse 4. 3. Center/Origin
9. Center 9. Latus Rectum 4. Asymptote
5.
10. Eccentricity 10. Eccentricity 5. Convertex
11. 6. Conjugate Axis
Solve: 7. Transverse Axis
12. 1. A
1.
2. D
13. 3. C
2.
14. 4. A
5. D
15. 3.
Answer Key
References
Books

Garces, Ph.D I., Eden, Ph.D R. and Estrada, G., 2016. Pre Calculus Grade 11 -
Learners Guide For Senior High School - Specialized Subject | Academic Stem.
C.P. Garcia Ave., Diliman, Quezon City: Commission on Higher Education,
pp. 41-50.

Tiong, Engr. J., Boholst, Engr. R. and Salva, Engr. J., 2008. 1001 Solved Problems
In Engineering Mathematics. 3rd ed. R. Papa Street Sampaloc, Manila: First
Bencmark Publisher, Inc., pp. 281-285.

Websites

Courses.lumenlearning.com. 2016. The Hyperbola | Boundless Algebra. [online]

Available at: <https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-
algebra/chapter/the-hyperbola/> [Accessed 12 July 2020].

Courses.lumenlearning.com. 2016. Equations Of Hyperbolas | College Algebra.

[online] Available at:
<https://courses.lumenlearning.com/waymakercollegealgebra/chapter/equ
ations-of-hyperbolas/> [Accessed 12 July 2020].

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