Engineering Guide for

Development- 2005

Growing With Pride

Blacktown City Council Engineering Guide for Development - 2005

Amendment History
Amendment Date
February 2005
Original issue
June 2009
Plans A(BS)101M,106M,124M,131M,134S
November 2009
New clause 5.19 added – Road Names
December 2009
OSD map revised
December 2009
OSD in Appendix D relocated to Appendix B
February 2010
Pedestrian refuge guideline added to Append ix C

Standard Council Plan A(BS)143M added to Appendix I February 2010

March 2010
Section 10.1 of Appendix D: list of programmes
September
New Clause (e) to positive covenants OSD
2010
October 2010
Path paving Policy updated
October 2010
New plan A(BS)M 152 added

Section 5.18 amended to include reference to Boom gates and Council Plan October 2010
A(BS)152M

Various amendments to reflect changes to Councils internal structure October 2010

Section 3.1 amended to reflect latest versions of acceptable design manuals October 2010

November 2012
Section 10.1 Appendix D list of program amended
November 2012
Pedestrian refuge policy deleted
November 2012
OSD map updated
November 2012
Various external reference manuals updated I.e. Austroad publications
November 2012
Standard Plan A(BS) 113M updated
November 2012
Standard Plan A(BS) 114M deleted

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Blacktown City Council Engineering Guide for Development - 2005

Date
Amendment
June 2017
Certified stockpile definition (Glossary)
February 2018
Amended Appendix F standard recitals
October 2018
Amended 15. standard drawings A(BS) 113M standard street signs and post

Amended Table 3.2 Road Design Parameter February 2017

June 2017
Certified stockpile definition (Glossary)
July 2020
Amended entries in Glossary – additions and changes to reflect industry updates
Section 1 General Procedures July 2020
1.3 Private Accredited Certifier amended to Accredited Certifier
1.4.A Deletion of Acceptance of Works Certificate – no longer issued by Council
1.6 Amend triplicate to duplicate
1.10 Tree Preservation – amendments made
1.14.3 $5,000 amended to $6,000 as per current goods and services schedule
1.17.5 Slope Junction amended to Inter-allotment Drainage
Section 2 Engineering Drawings
2.12 Kerb Return Cul-de-Sac, Splay Corner and Bend Details – amendments
made
2.16 Drainage Calculations – A1 amended to A3
2.18.6 Other Drainage Details – amendments made
2.21 Retaining Walls – amendments made
2.24 Adjoining Owners Permission – amendments made
2.25.2.3 Slope Junction Plan amended to Inter-allotment Drainage Plan
2.27 Addition of A3 plans
Section 3 Road Design
3.4 Community Title Roads & Private Access – addition
3.5 Turning Heads – addition
3.6 Utility Services – addition
3.7 Half Width Roads – amendments made
3.9 Pavement Design – amendments made
3.10 Pavement Surfacing – amendments made

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3.11 Geometric Design - General Principles (including designing for salinity) –

aamendments made
3.21 Full Width Path Paving – addition
3.29 Temporary Turning Heads – addition
Table 3.2 Road Formation Requirements – addition
Re-numbering of existing tables
Previous Table Amended table number
number
3.2 3.3 Road Design Parameters
3.3 3.4 Absolute Minimum Sight Distance (AMCORD)
3.4 3.5 Desirable Minimum Sight Distance
3.5 3.6 Minimum Curve Radii
3.6 3.7 Minimum/Maximum Longitudinal Grades
3.7 3.8 Minimum Vertical Curve Lengths
3.8 3.9 Normal Crossfall
3.9 3.10 Maximum Batter Slopes
Section 4 Drainage Design
4.3 General Requirements – amendments made
4.6 Adjoining Owners Consent – amendments made
4.7 Inter-allotment Drainage – amendments made
4.11 Stormwater Kerb Connections – addition
4.12 Water Sensitive Urban Design – amendments made
4.13 Temporary OSD and Water Quality Basins – addition
4.14 CCTV Inspections – addition
Section 5 Miscellaneous Requirements
5.4 Path Paving – amendments made
5.5 Battleaxe Handles – amendments made
5.8 Underground Utilities & Services – addition
5.9 Conduits/Ducts – amendments & additions made reflect current practices
5.10 Safety Notation – amendments to legislation updated
5.22 Laneways General – addition
5.23 Laneways within Growth Centres – addition
5.24 Special Inter-allotment Drainage Requirements – addition

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Addition of Subdivision Works Certificate references throughout where applicable July 2020

July 2020
Amendment of Council branding and job titles throughout Guide
July 2020
Amend all references to DCP 1992 to DCP 2015
July 2020
Amend all references to Section 94 to Section 7.11
Appendix A: Cover Sheet July 2020
Vehicular crossing width at kerb and gutter – amended from 4.5m to 4m
Pit depth requiring step irons – amended from 1.2m to 0.9m

Appendix B: July 2020

A1 Amendments made
A2 Catchment information updated
A3 Catchment tables deleted, part (C) additions made
C Pits and General Requirements: Amendments made to (1), (6), (7), (10)
D High Early Discharge Pit (H.E.D) Requirements – section deleted
Sections following on from C – re labelled due to remove of H.E.D section
D Storage: Amendments and additions made to (1), (2), (3), (4)
F Outlet System: replace Council plan A(BS) 136S with A(BS)175M
G Maintenance Schedule: Amendments made

Appendix D July 2020

Section 1.4 amend Zone 5(a) to SP2 Drainage
Section 9.3 MIKE-11 – deleted
Section 10.1 XP-Storm – deleted, MIKE-11 – deleted,
HEC-RAS amended to include 1D to 2D

Reference to Occupational Health & Safety Act replaced by: Work Health and July 2020
Safety Act 2011

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ENGINEERING GUIDE FOR DEVELOPMENT

2005

FOREWORD
This Guide, and its accompanying document, Council's Work Specification - Civil, have been
prepared to provide engineering guidelines for the subdivision and development of land within
the Blacktown City Council area.

The aim of the Guide is to facilitate the efficient processing of engineering plan submissions,
and to ensure that infrastructure associated with any development is designed and constructed to
be safe, serviceable, economical to maintain and meets community expectations.

Applicants should be aware that each development is required to be treated on its merits, and
that approval is dependant on the overall impact of the development and not solely on compliance
with minimum engineering standards.

Nothing in this Guide is to be construed as limiting, in any way, Council's rights to impose
differing conditions when approving development proposals, nor limiting the discretion of
Council's Coordinator Engineering Approvals or his nominated representative to vary any
necessary engineering requirements in respect of a particular development, having regard to
good engineering practice.

Council wishes to acknowledge the assistance freely given by other Councils, Consultants and
Contractors who suggested matters that required updating, new processes and products that may
be adopted or provided assistance in this latest revision to ensure that this document represents
current "best practice".

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GLOSSARY

1:5 (V:H) Slope of 1 vertical to 5 horizontal.

AC Asphaltic Concrete.
ACRS Australian Certification Authority for Reinforcing Steel.
Applicant Any person/s, company or entity representing the Applicant for the
purpose of constructing the Works. This may also include Council.
AR&R Australian Rainfall and Run-off (1998).
ARI Average Recurrence Interval.
AS Australian Standards published by the Standards Association of Australia
and being current at the time of application.
CBA California Bearing Ratio
Certified Stockpile A stockpile that has been certified by a NATA registered laboratory as
complying with Council's specification (for relevant material type).
Coordinator Council's Coordinator Engineering Approvals of Council's Development
Services Unit.
Council Blacktown City Council as represented by its employees.
Council Engineer Person approving or inspecting works on behalf of Council.
DC or Consent Notice of Determination giving Subdivision or Development Consent.
Development Person carrying out the day to day inspections on behalf of Council.
Inspector
Documents All expressed and implied Specifications, Standards, Drawings and
Correspondence, which are related to the works and referred to by Council
or issued by Council.
Engineer or Person who is a practising Engineer registered on the Engineers Australia,
Registered Engineer National Engineering Register (NER) in the relevant field of work.
EP&A Act Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979, as amended.
EPA Environmental Protection Authority

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GLOSSARY continued

FRC pipe Fibre Reinforced Cement pipe.

Guide Blacktown City Council's Engineering Guide for Development.
IAD Inter-allotment Drainage
Maintenance Period Period of a minimum of Twelve (12) months after the issue of the
Subdivision Certificate (release of the Plan of Subdivision) or
Development Completion, or such time as Council gives clearance at the
Final Inspection.
NATA National Association of Testing Authorities, Australia.
NATA Registered A laboratory accredited by NATA to undertake the specific test referred to
Laboratory in the body of the text.
NER National Engineers Register
OSD On-site Stormwater Detention.
PSD Permissible Site Discharge.
RCP Reinforced Concrete Pipe.
Registered Person qualified to issue certificates and operate as a Principal Certifying
Certifier Authority (PCA) under the Environmental Planning and Assessment Act
1979.
RHS Rectangular Hollow Section.
RMS Roads & Maritime Services (Formerly RTA)
Site Area of land being developed under the Development Approval.
SQID Stormwater Quality Improvement Device.
SSR Site Storage Requirement.
Supervisor The person appointed by the Applicant to supervise the construction
Works and to represent the Applicant.
Surveyor Registered Surveyor
UCS Unconfined Compressive Strength.
UPVC Unplasticised Polyvinyl Chloride (referring to pipe).
VCP Vitrified Clay Pipe.
WAE Works as Executed Plan.
WH&S Work Health & Safety
Works The development of land as described by the Drawings and Specifications
(the Documents) as proposed by the Applicant and as cited and approved
by Council "For Construction" including all the area of the land being
developed.
WSUD Water Sensitive Urban Design.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

SUMMARY

1. GENERAL PROCEDURES

2. ENGINEERING DRAWINGS

3. ROAD DESIGN

4. DRAINAGE DESIGN

5. MISCELLANEOUS REQUIREMENTS

6. APPENDICES

A. CHECKLIST FOR ENGINEERING PLANS

B. ON-SITE DETENTION GENERAL GUIDELINES & CHECKLIST

C. COUNCIL POLICIES AND GUIDELINES

• PATH PAVING POLICY
• PEDESTRIAN REFUGE GUIDELINE

D. DRAINAGE DESIGN MANUAL

E. BOND DOCUMENTS, FORMAT & INSTRUCTIONS

F. STANDARD RECITAL FOR TERMS OF EASEMENTS, COVENANTS &

RESTRICTIONS

G. EXAMPLE OF A LOT FILL PLAN

H. EXAMPLE EASEMENT CERTIFICATE

I. STANDARD DRAWINGS

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Blacktown City Council Engineering Guide for Development - 2005

ENGINEERING GUIDE FOR DEVELOPMENT - 2004

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CONTENTS PAGE NO.

FOREWORD ..................................................................................................... i
GLOSSARY ....................................................................................................... ii

1 GENERAL PROCEDURES
1.1 Scope ........................................................................................................... 1 – 1
1.2 Aim .............................................................................................................. 1 – 1
1.3 Engineering Plans, Inspections & Accredited Certifiers ............................. 1 – 1
1.4 Overview of Engineering Process for the Applicant ................................... 1 – 2
1.5 Engineering Survey & Bench Marks ........................................................... 1 – 5
1.6 Engineering Drawings ................................................................................. 1 – 5
1.7 Persons Qualified ........................................................................................ 1 – 6
1.8 Consultation................................................................................................. 1 – 6
1.9 Inspection of Works .................................................................................... 1 – 6
1.10 Tree Preservation ......................................................................................... 1 – 7
1.11 Street Trees .................................................................................................. 1 – 8
1.12 Erosion & Sediment Control ....................................................................... 1 – 8
1.13 Road Safety Audit and WH&S Requirements ............................................ 1 – 8
1.14 Bonds ........................................................................................................... 1 – 8
1.15 Contributions/Monetary Payments .............................................................. 1 – 9
1.16 Works-As-Executed (WAE) Plans .............................................................. 1 – 10
1.17 Certificates and Inter-allotment Drainage Plans .......................................... 1 – 10
1.18 Written Consents ......................................................................................... 1 – 11
1.19 Street Lighting ............................................................................................. 1 – 11

2 ENGINEERING DRAWINGS
2.1 Scope ........................................................................................................... 2 – 1
2.2 Aim .............................................................................................................. 2 – 1
2.3 General Requirements ................................................................................. 2 – 1
2.4 Road & Drainage Drawings ........................................................................ 2 – 1
2.5 On-site Stormwater Detection Drawings..................................................... 2 – 2
2.6 Title Blocks ................................................................................................. 2 – 2
2.7 Title Sheet/Layout Plan ............................................................................... 2 – 2
2.8 Detail Plan ................................................................................................... 2 – 3
2.9 Road Long Section(s) .................................................................................. 2 – 4

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CONTENTS PAGE NO.

2.10 Road Cross Section(s) ................................................................................. 2 – 5
2.11 Typical Road Cross Section(s) .................................................................... 2 – 5
2.12 Kerb Return, Cul-de-Sac, Splay Corner and Bend Details ......................... 2 – 6
2.13 Traffic Calming Devices, Median Islands & Other..................................... 2 – 7
Miscellaneous Details
2.14 Pathways .......................................................................................................... 2 – 7
2.15 Drainage Catchment Plan ............................................................................ 2 – 8
2.16 Drainage Calculations ................................................................................. 2 – 8
2.17 Drainage Longitudinal Section(s) ............................................................... 2 – 8
2.18 Other Drainage Details ................................................................................ 2 – 9
2.19 Easement Widths ......................................................................................... 2 – 10
2.20 Overland Flow Paths ................................................................................... 2 – 10
2.21 Retaining Walls ........................................................................................... 2 – 11
2.22 Erosion and Sediment Control Measures .................................................... 2 – 11
2.23 Traffic Management Measures .................................................................... 2 – 12
2.24 Adjoining Owners Permission..................................................................... 2 – 12
2.25 Works-As-Executed Plans for Engineering Works ..................................... 2 – 13
2.26 Fill Plans ...................................................................................................... 2 – 15
2.27 Scales ........................................................................................................... 2 – 16
2.28 Dimensions .................................................................................................. 2 – 16

3 ROAD DESIGN
3.1 Scope ........................................................................................................... 3 – 1
3.2 Aim .............................................................................................................. 3 – 1
3.3 Planning Standards ...................................................................................... 3 – 1
3.4 Community Title Roads & Private Access ................................................. 3 – 3
3.5 Half Width Roads ........................................................................................ 3 – 4
3.6 Construction Specification .......................................................................... 3 – 4
3.7 Pavement Design ......................................................................................... 3 – 4
3.8 Pavement Surfacing..................................................................................... 3 – 6
3.9 Geometric Design - General Principles (including designing for salinity) .......... 3 – 6
3.10 Design Speed ............................................................................................... 3 – 7
3.11 Sight Distance.............................................................................................. 3 – 8
3.12 Horizontal Alignment .................................................................................. 3 – 9
3.13 Transitions & Widening on Curves ............................................................. 3 – 9
3.14 Longitudinal Gradient ................................................................................. 3 – 9
3.15 Vertical Curves ............................................................................................ 3 – 10
3.16 Super-Elevation ........................................................................................... 3 – 11
3.17 Carriageway Crossfall ................................................................................. 3 – 11
3.18 Kerb & Gutter .............................................................................................. 3 – 11
3.19 Full Width Path Paving ............................................................................... 3 – 12

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CONTENTS PAGE NO.

3.20 Footpath Crossfall ....................................................................................... 3 – 12

3.21 Berms........................................................................................................... 3 – 12
3.22 Batters .......................................................................................................... 3 – 13
3.23 Intersections................................................................................................. 3 – 13
3.24 Kerb Returns................................................................................................ 3 – 14
3.25 Cul-De-Sac Head Kerb Grading.................................................................. 3 – 14
3.26 Roundabouts ................................................................................................ 3 – 15
3.27 Temporary Turning Heads .......................................................................... 3 – 15
3.28 Traffic Calming Devices ............................................................................. 3 – 15

4 DRAINAGE DESIGN

4.1 Scope ........................................................................................................... 4 – 1

4.2 Aim .............................................................................................................. 4 – 1
4.3 General Requirements ................................................................................. 4 – 1
4.4 Trunk Drainage Designs .............................................................................. 4 – 1
4.5 Extent of Works........................................................................................... 4 – 1
4.6 Adjoining Owners Consent/Creation of Drainage Easements .................... 4 – 2
4.7 Inter-allotment Drainage.............................................................................. 4 – 2
4.8 Special Interallotment Drainage Requirements ........................................... 4 – 3
4.9 Subsoil Drainage ......................................................................................... 4 – 3
4.10 Flood Liable Land ....................................................................................... 4 – 3
4.11 Pit Design .................................................................................................... 4 – 3
4.12 Stormwater Kerb Connections .................................................................... 4 – 3
4.13 Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) ..................................................... 4 – 4
4.14 Temporary OSD and Water Quality Basins ................................................ 4 – 4
4.15 CCTV Inspections ....................................................................................... 4 – 6

5 MISCELLANEOUS REQURIEMENTS

5.1 Scope ........................................................................................................... 5 – 1

5.2 Aim .............................................................................................................. 5 – 1
5.3 Kerbs, Laybacks & Kerb Ramps ................................................................. 5 – 1
5.4 Path Paving .................................................................................................. 5 – 1
5.5 Battleaxe Handles (Maximum 2 Dwellings) ............................................... 5 – 2
5.6 Lot Filling .................................................................................................... 5 – 2
5.7 Underground Utilities and Services ............................................................ 5 – 3
5.8 Conduits/Ducts ............................................................................................ 5 – 3
5.9 Safety Notation ............................................................................................ 5 – 3
5.10 Temporary Roads ........................................................................................ 5 – 3
5.11 Street Furniture ............................................................................................ 5 – 4
5.12 Debris Disposal ........................................................................................... 5 – 4
5.13 Insurance...................................................................................................... 5 – 4
5.14 Traffic Control for Works in Public Roads ................................................. 5 – 4

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CONTENTS PAGE NO.

5.15 Soil & Water Management .......................................................................... 5 – 5

5.16 Landscaping of Roundabouts & Median Strips ........................................... 5 – 6
5.17 Bridges & Culverts ...................................................................................... 5 – 8
5.18 Safety Barriers for Roads & Bridges ........................................................... 5 – 8
5.19 Fencing & Access Points Adjacent to Public Reserves, Drainage
Reserves and Channels ................................................................................ 5 – 8
5.20 Road Names..................................................................................................5 – 8
5.21 Laneways General ........................................................................................5 – 9
5.22 Laneways within Growth Centres ................................................................5 – 10

6 APPENDICES
A. Checklist for Engineering Plans A–1
B. On-site Detention General Guidelines & Checklist B–1
C. Councils Policies and Guidelines C–1
• Path paving policy
• Pedestrian Refuge Guideline
D. Drainage Design Manual D–1
E. Bond Documents, Format & Instructions E–1
F. Standard Recital for Terms of Easements, Covenants & Restrictions F–1
G. Example of a Lot Fill Plan G–1
H. Example Easement Certificate H–1
I. Standard Drawings I–1

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1. GENERAL PROCEDURES
1.1 Scope
This section of the Engineering Guide sets out Council's general procedures
and practices in respect of engineering requirements for subdivision and
development of land within the Council area.
1.2 Aim
To provide an Applicant with an outline of Council's engineering procedures
for subdivisions and developments.
1.3 Engineering Plans, Inspections & Registered Certifiers
In this Guide, whenever the term "Engineering Plan" is used, this is deemed to
also be a reference to engineering plans associated with C o n s t r u c t i o n
C e r t i f i c a t e s o r Subdivision Works Certificates issued by Council or
Registered Certifiers under the EP&A Act 1979, and Engineering Approvals
issued by Council under the Roads Act 1993 and Local Government Act 1993.
Registered Certifiers may issue Subdivision Works Certificates for subdivision
and development works in accordance with the requirements of the EP&A Act
1979. Any reference made in this Guide to approvals or inspections by
Council’s Engineers or Development Inspectors for works under the EP&A Act
1979 shall also be deemed to be a reference to certificates issued and inspections
carried out by Registered Certifiers under the EP&A Act 1979.
Note: Compliance Certificates may be issued by Certifiers only with the prior
written agreement of Council.
Registered Certifiers do not have any authority to issue Engineering Approvals
or carry out inspections for works on Public Roads under the Roads Act 1993.
It should also be noted that Subdivision Works Certificates cannot be
issued for works on sites that are not part of the "subject land" for which
the Development Consent has been issued.
An example is interallotment drainage through adjacent lots that are not
included in the "subject land". In this case, a separate Section 68 Local
Government Act 1993 Approval would be required for the drainage works. This
form of approval can only be issued by Council.
Registered Certifiers have no authority to vary the requirements of this Guide.
They must comply with all of the Guide’s requirements prior to issuing any
Subdivision Works or Compliance Certificates under the EP&A Act 1979.

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1.4 Overview of Engineering Process for the Applicant

This section of the Guide sets out the suggested steps an Applicant should
follow once a Notice of Determination giving Development Consent to a
development has been issued by Council. All other steps required prior to
issue of consent can be found in Blacktown Development Control Plan 2015.
A. Read Notice of Determination (Development Consent):
Where you are unsure of the meaning or extent of any condition, contact
the Council and seek clarification. (Development Consent No./File No.
will help in this instance.)
Note: Subdivision Works Certificates cannot be issued until all Pre-
Construction Certificate or Subdivision Works Certificate
requirements/conditions of the Development Consent have been
satisfied.
B. Engage an Engineering Consultant/Project Manager:
Satisfy yourself that the consultant has the required expertise and do not
decide on your consultant simply on the basis of fees. A higher fee may
result in substantial savings in approval time/construction costs due
to the consultant's expertise.
C. Give the consultant a copy of the whole of the Notice of Determination:
Any approved plans or other documents should also be given to the
consultant so he/she can fully understand the project.
D. Let the consultant do the work:
Once the consultant has been engaged, Council's officers will have only
one contact who is coordinating the progress of your development. Time
delays often arise where inexperienced Applicants try to share the
project management role.
E. Engineering plans are prepared by the consultant:
The consultant is to arrange survey and engineering designs that will
fulfill the conditions of consent. These plans, when approved, will be
used by the contractor to construct the works.

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F. Lodge Engineering Plans with Council for approval and pay

assessment and inspection fees:
Lodge Engineering Plans, together with any other documents
/calculations/information and/or any clearances from government
authorities required to satisfy the conditions of consent. Council's
Engineer will provide a quote for the engineering fees. Once this is
accepted, Council's Engineer will assess the Engineering Plans to ensure
compliance with conditions of consent and other Council requirements
G. Engineering plans returned to consultant for amendment (if
required):
The Consultant will be advised if any amendments are required to the
Engineering Plans, and if any other outstanding items are required prior
to the release of approved Engineering Plans.
H. Engineering plans relodged with Council:
The Consultant should have carried out all the amendments required by
Council. If the consultant needs clarification of any requirements,
Council's Engineers are available for discussion. The Consultant must
also ensure that Council's "Red Mark Up" Plan (showing required
corrections) is returned to Council with the amended plans. This will
expedite their assessment.
I. Engineering plans approved:
When Council is satisfied that the engineering plans will enable work to
be constructed with a minimum of field supervision the plans are
approved and issued in accordance with the Consent conditions.
J. Construction of Works:
The Consultant/Applicant will engage a contractor to carry out the
works in accordance with the approved plans. Council's Engineer or
Development Inspector will inspect the work to ensure the contractor
carries the work out in accordance with the approved plans and with
Council's "Works Specification - Civil".
K. Lodge Works-As-Executed Plan:
Together with any Hydraulic On-site Stormwater Detention (OSD),
Structural or Compliance Certificates, prior to requesting the final
inspection.
L. Preliminary final inspection:
When the Applicant considers that the works to be complete, Council's
Engineer/Inspector will inspect the work and any defects will be
brought to the Applicant's attention for rectification.

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M. Final inspection:
When all the defects, identified in the Preliminary Final Inspection, are
rectified the Applicant shall request a Final Inspection. Council's
Engineer/Development Inspector will re-inspect the work to confirm
that all the defects have been rectified.

N. Check Notice of Determination

Before requesting the issue of a Subdivision Certificate (in the case of
subdivisions) or in other cases prior to the issue of an Occupation
Certificate for the development, the development consent must be
checked in detail. The Consultant/Applicant must ensure all conditions
have been satisfied including, but not limited to:
* Compliance with all engineering conditions required by the
Development Consent,
* Payment of fees and contributions,
* Lodgement of completed Deed of Agreement for bonded
works,
* Lodgement of certificates required by the Works Specification,
* Lodgement of a Works-As-Executed Plan, and
* Lodgement of Hydraulic & Structural certificates.
O. Issue of Subdivision Certificate/Occupation Certificate:
When all engineering conditions of consent have been satisfied and the
plan of subdivision and accompanying legal documents are correct,
Council's Engineer for the project will recommend release of the plan
of subdivision. The plan will only be released by Council if all
conditions of consent have been satisfied and/or securities have been
established for outstanding works.
P. Defects Liability/Maintenance Period:
a) Subdivisions: Upon the issue of a Subdivision Certificate the
constructed civil engineering work will enter the Maintenance
Period. During this period any defect which becomes evident
will be the responsibility of the Applicant to rectify. The
Maintenance Period lasts for at least 12 months from the issue
of the Subdivision Certificate. At the end of the Maintenance
Period, after any defects have been rectified, the Bond will be
released.

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b) All Other Development: Upon a clearance at the Final Inspection

(Step M) the constructed work will come under a Maintenance
Period of at least 12 months. At the end of this period and
upon rectification of any defects that become evident during that
period.
Q. Completion of Project:
When all bonded works have been satisfactorily completed Council will,
upon request, release all securities held over the works. In the case of
Path Paving Bonds in subdivisions, 2 years or more can elapse between
the "Acceptance of Works" and the release of the bond. Council provides
the Applicant with the option of making a monetary payment for the
works rather than be burdened with a long-term bond in accordance with
Council's Path Paving Policy (January 2001). In this event, Council will
use the Monies to construct the path paving when building activities
are finalised and when damage is less likely.
This monetary payment is based on the costs set out in Council's Goods
and Services Pricing Schedule. These costs include a provision for the
delay in construction and are updated every year.
1.5 Engineering Survey & Bench Marks
The engineering survey shall be carried out using the ISG coordinate reference
system and all levels shall be on Australian Height Datum (A.H.D.). The
Coordinator's approval shall be obtained if another datum is to be adopted.
The survey shall accurately show the landform to facilitate the best possible
design and construction of road works and drainage consistent with minimum
interference to the existing amenity of the area.
Bench Marks shall be established at intervals not greater than 600 metres and
are to be placed where they will not be disturbed. This requirement may be
waived by the Coordinator where State Survey Marks exist. One copy of
each locality sketch shall be submitted to Council at the same time as the final
Plan of Subdivision (Subdivision Certificate).
1.6 Engineering Drawings
Engineering Drawings shall be submitted in soft copy, with a covering letter,
by the Consultant.

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The preparation of engineering drawings for developments and subdivisions

shall be carried out in accordance with Section 2 - "Engineering Drawings", of
this Guide.
The civil engineering drawings will be checked by Council's Engineers for
compliance with these guidelines. It is the responsibility of the Consultant to
ensure that the designs, calculations and specifications comply with Consent
Conditions, this Guide, relevant Australian Standards and other Council
Codes. Approval of the drawings does not relieve the Applicant from
rectifying any errors or omissions which become evident during construction
or the liability period.
The Applicant is required to comply with Council's current standards and if
work has not substantially commenced within two (2) years of the date of the
endorsed approval, the Coordinator may require that revised engineering
drawings, calculations and specifications be submitted for a renewed approval.
1.7 Persons Qualified
Unless stated otherwise in this Guide, Council requires that design plans be
prepared to Council's standards by a person either holding qualifications
acceptable for Corporate Membership of Engineers Australia or approved by
the Coordinator and/or who has proven experience in the preparation of
plans and specifications for land development.
1.8 Consultation
Designers are encouraged to consult with Council and other relevant authorities
during the preparation of design plans.
1.9 Inspection of Works
All road and drainage works carried out by the Applicant that will become part
of Council's infrastructure, are to be inspected by Council's Engineers and
Development Inspectors in accordance with Council's Works Specification -
Civil.
In addition to all engineering works associated with land subdivisions, Council's
Engineers and Development Inspectors will also approve and carry out
inspections for road and drainage works on Public Roads, On-site Stormwater
Detention Systems, Interallotment Stormwater Drainage Lines, WSUD
features, Stormwater Quality Improvement Devices, Stormwater flow paths and
channels, and Community Title/ Private Access Roads.
A separate application shall be submitted to Council in respect of footway and
gutter crossings and inspections shall be arranged with Council's Maintenance
Section.

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1.10 Tree Preservation

Applicants are advised that NO trees shall be removed without Council's
permission. The Applicant shall provide a tree survey plan detailing the trees to
be retained and clearly defining any trees proposed for removal.
The State Environmental Planning Policy (Vegetation in Non-Rural Areas)
2017 sets out how we are able to preserve trees and vegetation in our local area.
We regulate tree and vegetation preservation to control clearing in urban areas
with the aim of protecting trees and prohibiting, without our consent, the:
* Cutting down, felling, uprooting, killing, poisoning, ringbarking, or
burning of a tree
* Destruction of vegetation, lopping or otherwise removal of
substantial part of the vegetation
Vegetation means a tree or other vegetation, whether or not it is native
vegetation. The definition of a tree (a prescribed tree) in our Development
Control Plan 2015 is:
A perennial plant with a self-supporting stem which has a:
* Height of more than 3 metres and/or
* A trunk diameter of more than 200mm or more measured 1.0 metre
above the ground level.
Council may require Applicants to lodge a Tree Bond to ensure trees are not
damaged or removed during the construction of works.
Engineering Plans must bear the following note:
Prior to the commencement of any earthworks, and after the road centrelines
have been pegged and/or permanently marked, the site must be inspected by
Council's representative and the Applicant's representative to identify and
appropriately mark:
(a) The trees to be retained.
(b) All trees to be left undisturbed and cordoned off.
All trees to be retained are to be protected by paraweb fencing, firmly staked
four (4) metres from the trunk of the tree. This fencing is to be erected prior to
the commencement of any site works and is to be maintained in position for
the duration of the works. The area within the drip line of the tree should not be
used for the stockpiling of new or demolition material, nor for vehicular or
pedestrian convenience or uses that would compact the soil in this area.

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1.11 Street Trees

Where the Applicant proposes to plant street trees in lieu of the Section 7.11
(EP&A Act) Tree Contribution, or proposes to landscape roundabouts and
medians, works must be carried out in accordance with the requirements set out
in Council's "Tree Planting Study". The Applicant must obtain written
agreement from Council prior to proceeding with these works.
1.12 Erosion and Sediment Control
All developments, where the site is disturbed, shall provide Erosion and
Sedimentation Control in accordance with the requirements of the NSW
Department of Planning, Industry and Environment (DPIE), and Council.
Design plans shall be in accordance with the NSW Department of Planning,
Industry and Environment Guidelines, Landcom's "Managing Urban
Stormwater - Soil and Construction - Volume 1" 4th Edition (2004), and Section
5.16 of this Guide.
1.13 Road Safety Audit and WH&S Requirements
Consultants preparing Engineering Plans must carry out a road safety audit of
the site, drawings and associated documents to ensure that all the requirements
as set out in Austroad's "Road Safety Audit" Manual, Second Edition 2002, have
been satisfied.
It is the responsibility of the Consultant/Designer to ensure that they have
addressed all relevant W ork Health & Safety concerns, including but not
limited to Traffic Management Plans for works on Public Roads, and
Confined Spaces Act requirements for SQIDs and OSD storages.
1.14 Bonds
General
Council's Development procedures provide for the lodgement of bonds
where it is impractical to complete certain aspects of the infrastructure
work or where it is necessary to defer construction until building
activities have been substantially completed. All bonds must be in
accordance with Council's Standard format (see Appendix "E").
A request for the bond amounts must be made using Council’s Bond
Request Application Form.
Upon written request from the Applicant and satisfactory completion
of the Maintenance Period, or the works (whichever is the case), the
Bond or any amount remaining will be released by Council.

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Path Paving
Path paving construction in accordance with Council's Path Paving
Policy (see Appendix "C") shall be deferred for a period following
practical completion of the road works.
Two options are available to the Applicant:-
* Bond the Works, by lodging an appropriate security with a Deed
of Agreement.
* Monetary Payment, where Council will use the monies for
construction of paths at a later, appropriate time.
Maintenance
Prior to the issue of a Subdivision Certificate (for subdivisions) or at
practical completion of works (for other developments), a Bank
Guarantee or Cash Security, to the amount of 5% (with a minimum
amount of $6,000) of the value of the whole of the works to be
constructed, must be lodged with Council. This is to provide for the
satisfactory performance of works and the replacement of any failed or
unsatisfactory work and any repairs required, inclusive of the
maintenance of any traffic control facilities.
The bond will be held by the Council for a period of at least 12 months
from the date of issue of the Subdivision Certificate/release of the Plan
of Subdivision or the date of completion of the works, whichever is the
latter. During this time the Applicant is responsible for maintenance of
the works. Any failure on his behalf may lead to call-up of all or part of
the security to enable remedial works to be undertaken by Council.
1.15 Contributions/Monetary Payments
Contributions and/or monetary payments for certain outstanding items must be
lodged prior to the issue of the Subdivision Certificate, or upon practical
completion of ½ width road works associated with developments as detailed in
the Consent.
A.C. Sealing
Subdividers are required to lodge a cash payment to cover the cost of the
final 25mm layer of Asphaltic Concrete (A.C.) following installation of
services by the various authorities. Such payment is assessed by Council
after submission of Work-As-Executed plans and is based on
Council's current construction rates.
Street Trees
A cash contribution in accordance with Section 7.11 (EP&A Act)
Contributions Plan No.10 is required in respect of each new lot towards
Council's provision of street trees at a suitable time in the development
of the area.

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Path Paving
As detailed in Council's Path Paving Policy (Appendix C), a cash
contribution may be lodged as an alternative to the bonding of these
works.
1.16 Works-As-Executed (WAE) Plans
Following the completion of engineering works of a subdivision or
development, a "Work-As-Executed" plan is required to be prepared by a
Registered Surveyor or "Persons Qualified" (See Section 1.7) and forwarded to
Council prior to the final inspection.
The WAE plans must show the matters listed below and as detailed in Section
2.25 - Engineering Drawings, of this Guide:
* all works have been completed generally in accordance with
the approved plans and specification,
* any departure from the approved plans,
* any additional/deleted work,
* the location of conduits, subsoil lines, stub mains and
interallotment drainage lines,
* pipeline long sections showing the constructed invert levels of
each pipe at each pit and pipe dimensions,
* details of overland flow provisions,
* site regrading areas by new contours, and
* all other details which have a bearing on the extent of works
and their acceptance by Council.
1.17 Certificates and Interallotment Drainage Plans
Prior to issue of a Subdivision Certificate, Occupation Certificate or upon
completion of works, the following Certificates and Plans must be lodged:
Compaction Certificates
The final submission requires lodgement of the road pavement
compaction certificates for all stages of the road pavement construction,
lot filling and lot classification which have been prepared
by a N.A.T.A. laboratory.
A lot fill diagram, an example of which can be found in Appendix "G",
must be provided where lots have been filled. The diagram will apply
to all lots that have been filled in excess of 250mm.

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Easement Certificates
The final submission requires lodgement of the Surveyor's Certificate in
the form shown in Appendix "H" of this Guide. This is to certify that
all pipes and drainage structures are located within the proposed
drainage easements.
Material Compliance Certificates
Material Compliance Certificates for all road pavement materials will
be required to be submitted prior to issue of the Subdivision Certificate
or upon completion of the works.
Engineer's Certificate
Where structural work has been undertaken on a project a certificate
from a Registered Engineer must be lodged certifying the adequacy of
the structure for the imposed loads.
For OSD systems, a Hydraulic Certificate from "Persons Qualified"
(See Section 1.7) shall be lodged with Council certifying that the system
will function hydraulically as per design requirements.
Interallotment Drainage Plan
A plan indicating location and depth of all interallotment drainage pits
shall be prepared by the project engineer/surveyor and submitted to
Council.
1.18 Written Consents
Where work has been carried out on adjoining properties, or a claim made
by an affected property owner, a written clearance that all outstanding claims
have been met, must be lodged with the final document submission.
1.19 Street Lighting
General
Council requires all new lighting levels to be in accordance with AS/NZ
1158 in its various parts and to comply with all the requirements of
Integral Energy's document "General terms and
Conditions for the Connection of Public Lighting Assets".
Arterial and Sub-Arterial Roads
The lighting of arterial and sub-arterial (Traffic Route Lighting) roads
must comply with AS/NZS 1158.Part1.1 – Vehicular Traffic (Category
V) Lighting – Performance and Installation Design Requirements 2005,
using the appropriate lighting categories.

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Residential Roads and Public Places

The Lighting of residential roads and public places must comply with
AS/NZS 1158 Residential Street Lighting Part 3.1: Pedestrian Area
(category P) Lighting – Performance and Installation Design
Requirements 2020, using the appropriate lighting categories.
Approval of Proposed Schemes
The appropriate levels of street lighting for any proposed scheme will
be identified by Council's Manager Access and Transport Management.
To facilitate this, plans of the proposed scheme showing the limits of
all proposed works, all traffic management facilities and devices,
pedestrian facilities and all other relevant information must be submitted
to Council's Manager Access and Transport Management who will
assess the proposal to ensure compliance with Council's Street Lighting
Policy and the relevant part of AS/NZ 1158.
The appropriate street lighting categories within each proposal will be
forwarded to the applicant by way of a Design Brief Checklist to enable
a street lighting design for the proposed works to be prepared for
Council's approval and acceptance.
To further assist the designer, designs should also be prepared in
accordance with Section 6 - Public Lighting Assets of Integral Energy's
document "SPJ 4004 Network Connections - Contestable Works -
General Terms and Conditions" which is available via Integral Energy's
internet site at www.integral.com.au.
All street lighting schemes must be prepared by an accredited Level 3
service provider and submitted to Council for its approval prior to a
Construction Approval being granted by Integral Energy. Upon
satisfactory completion of the works a “Notification of Arrangement”
will be issued by Integral Energy.
Subdivision Schemes
(i) For residential roads in areas having underground reticulation of
electricity, the basic lighting category should normally be P4.
The type of street lighting to be used to achieve the P4 Category
is 2 x 14 Watt T5 Street light to be mounted on dedicated lighting
columns at about 55m spacings.
(ii) For sub-arterial or principal roads which connect arterial or main
roads to areas of development within a region, or which carry
traffic directly from one part of a region to another part, the
minimum lighting requirement should be either V5 or P3 and in
accordance with the standard.

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(iii) In pathways the standard lamp used in pathways shall be an

80W HP Mercury lamp.
Traffic Management Devices
Lighting for traffic management devices shall be provided in accordance
with AS/NZS 1158 and as determined by Council's City Assets
Directorate
Central Median and Traffic Islands
Where street lighting is to be provided within the central medium island
or within other traffic islands located within the carriageway,
barrier kerb must be provided for the islands.

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2. ENGINEERING DRAWINGS
2.1 Scope
This section of the Engineering Guide sets out Council's general requirements
for the preparation of Engineering Drawings.
2.2 Aim
To provide comprehensive details to facilitate the assessment of plans and
construction of works in a safe, efficient and effective manner.
Also to ensure that Engineering Drawings provide sufficient information in a
consistent format to allow Council to maintain a permanent record of
subdivision and development works.
2.3 General Requirements
All engineering drawings are to ensure that all relevant conditions of consent
have been addressed by the details shown.
2.4 Road and Drainage Drawings
Plans for Road and Drainage works shall be presented to Council generally in
the following format:
* Title Sheet,
* Detail Plan(s),
* Road Longitudinal Section(s),
* Road Cross Sections,
* Typical Road Cross Section(s),
* Kerb Return Details,
* Traffic Calming Devices, Pathways and Other Miscellaneous
Road Details,
* Permanent Traffic Warning and Regulatory Details (i.e.
Linemarking, Stop/Give Way Signs, Curve Signs etc.)
* Drainage Catchment Plan,
* Drainage Calculations,
* Drainage Longitudinal Section(s),
* Other Drainage Details,
* Erosion and Sediment Control Measures, and
* Traffic Control Measures

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2.5 On-site Stormwater Detention Drawings

Engineering Drawings showing on-site stormwater detention details for
developments shall generally include the following:
* Catchment Plan showing contours, area of site affected and
area of site not collected,
* Drainage design summary in format of that shown in the Upper
Parramatta River Catchment Trust's On-site Stormwater
Detention Handbook,
* Calculations to confirm volumes, pipe sizes, size of overland
flowpaths and overflow weirs,
* Detail Plan and sections (see Section 2.18),
* Design Levels for top water/overflow; inverts of all drainage
pits, pipelines and storage areas; overflow weir; centreline of
orifice; surface of all drainage pits; and surfaces designed to
detail and direct stormwater, and
* Dimensions of storage areas, drainage pits, overflow weirs,
maximum head, high early discharge head and depth of
storage.
2.6 Title Blocks
All Engineering Drawings submitted to Council for approval are to have a title
block showing the following:
* Applicant's Name,
* Consultant's Name, Address, Phone No. and Contact Name,
* Drawing Number, Sheet Number and Amendment Number,
* Schedule showing Date and Nature of Amendments,
* Site Address, including Lot and Deposited Plan (DP) Number,
* Council's File Reference,
* Stage Number,
* Drawing Title,
* Scale with Scale Bar, and
* Signature of Authorised Person (See Section 1.7 of this Guide).
2.7 Title Sheet/Layout Plan
The location of the Development shall be identified by Lot, DP, street name
and suburb and by clearly marking the site on a Locality Plan.
A layout plan shall be provided showing the layout of roads, road numbers,
allotment layout (with lot numbers as per the approved plan of subdivision)
and Bench Marks (to A.H.D.). The original nature and value of the datum
used to establish the bench mark is to be indicated, e.g. Permanent Mark or
State Survey Mark and number. Where the plan shows layouts for part or
future stages, a bold and clearly defined stage border is to be shown.

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For small developments, where all of these details can be shown on the detail
plan, the layout plan may be omitted.
The title sheet should also include construction notes and an index of the sheets
provided in the set of drawings.
Council's File number shall be shown in letters 25mm high in the top right
corner of the sheet, e.g., CC-04-1000.
2.8 Detail Plan
Detail plans should include the following:
* Scale 1:500 or 1:200 for small sites (with Scale Bar),
* North point,
* Lot details including boundaries, numbers, easements and any road
widenings,
* Existing contours (at least two across each lot) extending beyond the
boundary of the site for a distance sufficient to show any constraints,
with a minimum distance of 10 metres,
* Existing natural features including: native vegetation, trees, ditches,
dams, mounds, creeks, etc. These details are not to be limited to the
proposed subdivision but shall include any features which have an
impact on the development,
* Existing constructed features including: fences, kerb and gutter, pipes,
pits, road pavements, buildings, road furniture, adjacent subdivisions,
etc. These details are not to be limited to the site and are to include
any feature which has an impact on the Development,
* Existing services: sewer, water, telephone, gas mains, electricity, etc.,
including all associated pits, poles and other structures, must be shown
on plan and plotted on Longitudinal Sections,
* Road centrelines showing chainages, bearings and intersection points,
* Extent of proposed works (using shading to aid in clarity) including:
- road names,
- carriageway and footway widths,
- chainages,
- tangent points,
- kerb type,
- path paving, cycleways, pram ramps,
- berms,
- batters,
- cut and fill areas clearly indicated by shading, clearly
identifying depths

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- location of laybacks (one to each frontage of corner lots 1m

from prolongation of common property boundaries) for roads
with Standard barrier kerb,
- street signs to Council plan A(BS)113M,
- kerb return numbers,
- dimensions,
- pit numbers (1), (2), etc.,
- pit chainages,
- pipelines identification numbers,
- pipe sizes,
- pipe type and class,
- drainage lead-in and tail-out works,
- flood extents for 100 year ARI,
- floodway warning signs to Council plan A(BS)114S,
- curve information including tangent point chainages, radii, arc
and chord lengths, super elevation (if applicable),
* Termination of works shall be matched in smoothly with existing works
and/or be suitably treated with: guide posts, line marking, scour
protection, etc. Limit of works shall be clearly identified,
* Vehicular Footway crossings (Council Plan A(BS)102S) shall be
provided where the distance from the kerb to the property boundary is
5.5m or more, or as otherwise detailed in the Development Consent,
* Reciprocal rights-of-way shall be provided with a concrete access strip
in accordance with Council plan A(BS)110S,
* Longitudinal sections, cross-sections at every 15 metres and detailed
typical cross-sections are required for each road including temporary
roads,
* Plans shall show road names NOT road numbers. Road names should
be selected in conjunction with Council's Land Information Officer. If
road names are not approved initially, road names must be shown on
Work-As-Executed drawings, and
* Pit schedule in tabular form to be shown on the plan sheet indicating
pit numbers, type of pit, invert levels, surface levels chainages,
2.9 Road Long Section(s)
Road long section(s) shall be "boxed" and include the following details:
* Road name,
* Design level and chainage at least every 15 metres,
* Existing level and chainage at least every 15 metres,
* Grade (%) between each vertical curve

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* Length of each vertical curve,

* Chainage of each intersection point,
* Level of each I.P.,
* Tangent chainages,Centreline intersection chainages,
* Chainage and level of each crest and sag, chainage and levels at grade
intersection points and vertical curve tangent points,
* Extended levels and grading to depict future works and/or match to
existing roads, (minimum extension 30m)
* Minimum longitudinal gradings of roads shall preferably be 1.0%.
Grades less than 1.0% will only be considered where it is demonstrated
that no other options are viable, see Table 3.7.
* Existing services shall be shown along with size and level on all
longitudinal sections where they affect proposed works
2.10 Road Cross Section(s)
A cross section for each centreline chainage (typically 15.0 metre intervals),
with additional cross sections as required shall be "boxed" and include the
following:
* Road name,
* Centreline chainage,
* Existing surface levels, extending beyond any proposed batters,
* Design surface levels,
* Offset distances to centreline,
* Cross-falls, batter slopes and dimensions, where these differ to that
shown on the typical section,
* Batters shall have a maximum slope of 1:5 (V:H),
* ½ width road works still require full width design cross sections, and
* Existing services shall be shown along with size and level on all cross
sections where they affect proposed works.
2.11 Typical Road Cross Section(s)
A typical cross section shall be provided for each road as additional detail on
at least one cross section on each sheet of road cross sections OR alternatively,
may be provided separately as a set of typical cross sections. Where typical
cross sections are provided separately to the road cross sections, general details
shall comply with Section 2.10. The additional detail for a typical road cross
section should include the following:
* Road reserve width (existing and proposed),
* Road width between face of kerbs, or where no kerb is constructed
pavement and shoulder widths,
* Location and width of any proposed concrete footpaving or cycle paths,

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* Kerb and gutter type,

* Grades/Slopes of pavements, footpaths and batters, with offsets to
changes of grade,
* 3% crossfall on carriageway,4% crossfall on footway with 0.5m berms
inside lots,
* Concrete path paving 1.2 metres wide 0.90 metres from property
boundaries where required in accordance with Council's Path Paving
Policy, and to have a crossfall of 2.5%, and
* Pavement thicknesses, designed in accordance with Council's
specification by a N.A.T.A. registered geotechnical consultant.
2.12 Kerb Return Cul-de-Sac, Splay Corner and Bend Details
Plans showing kerb returns at intersections, junctions and turning heads should
include the following:
* General design of returns shall be by dividing return into quarters
between tangent points and using two vertical curves to achieve smooth
profile,
* Each quarter and tangent point shall be consecutively lettered on plan
and longitudinal section,
* Longitudinal section shall show:
- design top of kerb,
- kerb chainage,
- road chainage,
- high and low points,
* Splay corner and kerb return radii shall be:
- Residential roads - 5m x 5m splay corners with 8.5m kerb return
radii,
- Industrial roads - 8m x 8m splay corners with 12m kerb return
radii,
- splays are not to be used for installation of services or landscape
works that may impeded sight distances.
* Cul-de-sac kerb radii shall be:
- Residential - 9m (12.5m at property boundary),
- Industrial - 13.5m (17.0m at property boundary),
* Bend splays shall be:
- Bends greater than 75 degrees,
• Residential roads – 5m x 5m splay corners, with
minimum 8.5m kerb return radii
• Industrial roads – 8m x 8m splay corners, with minimum
12m kerb return radii

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- Splays are not to be used for installation of services or landscape

works that may impede sight distances.
- Be provided with BB lines
* All intersection and cul-de-sac detail plans shall be contoured, and
* A minimum kerb frontage of 3.5m must be provided for each lot. This
width is measured between radial lines from the kerb return centre point
to the allotment front corners.
Cul-de-sac head details shall be provided generally in accordance with the
abovementioned requirements.
2.13 Traffic Calming Devices, Median Islands and Other Miscellaneous Road
Details
Plans showing traffic calming devices should show design levels, design
contours, signposting and line marking. Median islands and other miscellaneous
road details should be shown clearly on typical sections.
2.14 Pathways
* Pathways are generally required to provide for safe, convenient,
pedestrian access and cater for overland flows of discharges from the
100 year ARI event between streets, or from streets to recreational
and/or community facilities.
* Pathways shall be a minimum of 4m wide, or as otherwise directed,
with full width concrete paving, cross-fall generally of 2.5% and kerbs
shall be provided where required,
* If pathways are designed as overland flowpaths they shall have a
minimum width of :
(i) up to 2ha catchment area, 4m width
(ii) up to 6ha catchment area, 6m width
(iii) over 6ha catchment area, 10m width
* Longitudinal sections shall be provided,
* Pathways are to be straight,
* Their grading shall not be steeper than 1 in 12 (8.3%).
* Vehicular barriers in accordance with Council plan A(BS)105S and
A(BS)137S shall be provided for each pathway, and
* The footway area between the road kerb and gutter, and the pathway,
may be shaped with a reverse cross-fall (i.e., graded from kerb down to
pathway) to direct overflows from the road into the pathway.

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2.15 Drainage Catchment Plan

A plan showing all internal and external catchments affecting the development
and their breakdown into sub-catchments should include the following:
* Road Names,
* Existing and proposed property and road boundaries,
* All catchments/sub-catchments labeled according to the drainage
calculation sheet,
* Catchment/Sub-catchment boundaries indicated by a bold line,
* Proposed/Existing contours at a suitable interval,
* Direction of waterflow along the flow paths of the longest times of
concentration,
* Any features that may affect catchment boundaries, Drainage lines and
pit numbers,
* Areas of all catchments/sub-catchments, and
* Proposed roads, pathways, pits and pipes.
2.16 Drainage Calculations
A drainage report shall be presented generally in the form shown in
"Australian Rainfall and Runoff" (1998) and shall be included on the A3 sheets
as part of the set of engineering plans and before the Longitudinal Sections. It
will also provide any information required by Section 4 - Drainage Design and
Appendix "D" of this Guide.
2.17 Drainage Longitudinal Section(s)
A longitudinal section of each drainage pipeline is to be shown including the
following information on each:
• pipe flows and capacities,
• pit numbers,
• drainage line numbers,
• pipe chainage,
• road chainage,
• existing and finished surface levels,
• design invert levels,
• hydraulic level,
• datum R.L.,
• pipe size, type and class,
• pipe grade (%), (minimum grade 1.0%),
• hydraulic grade line plot,
• water surface levels in receiving waters for design ARI,
• tail-out,

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• lead in,
• pipeline junctions, and
• details of utility services to be shown along with the level
where they cross pipelines.
Longitudinal sections shall be designed for interallotment drainage lines. Where
more than 5 lots shall be served, a hydraulic analysis is required to ensure lots
are not affected by surcharge.

2.18 Other Drainage Details

Designs shall satisfy the requirements of Section 4 - Drainage Designs,
and Appendix "D" of this Guide.
Details of the following are to be provided on a drainage detail plan
where not shown on the road works detail plan:
• Details of pipe junction,
• Full details, including reinforcing, of non-standard structures,
• Invert levels, surface levels and locations of all drainage
structures,
• Pipe details,
• Length of lintels (by clear opening size), and
• Extent of lead-in and tail-out works.
Each industrial lot shall be provided with a pit draining to the drainage
system via interallotment drainage lines. The minimum pipe size shall
be 375mm diameter. Drainage lines should be located in the setback
area where possible or rear of site, as may be required. An easement in
accordance with Section 2.19 of this guide shall also be provided.
The schedule of drainage structures shall show:
• pit number,
• description of structure, and
• road chainage of structure.
Sag pits shall have a minimum internal lintel opening 2.4m.
Rubber ring jointed pipes shall be used for construction of pipelines up
to and including 1800mm diameter. All pipelines within road reserves or
other public areas will be owned and/or maintained by council shall be
steel Reinforced Concrete Pipes (RCP).
Council does not permit the use of Fibre Reinforced Concrete (FRC)
pipes in any stormwater system that is to become a Council asset.

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Where open drains are designed additional details shall be provided

including the following:
• Cross sections (usually 15.0 metre intervals), and
• Details of drop structures, energy dissipators, etc. (plan and
sectional views).
• All natural creeks are to be retained and any works must comply
with the requirements of DIPNR in addition to the requirements
set out in Section 4 and Appendices B and D of this guide.
Where detention basins are required, full construction details shall be
provided including the following:
• Plan view,
• Sectional views,
• Details of basin wall construction,
• Details of outlet structures, including energy dissipators,
• Extent of storage,
• Maximum storage level, and
• Extent and nature of landscaping.
2.19 Easement Widths
Where easements are required the following minimum widths apply:
Residential Interallotment Drainage:
- Pipes up to 300mm - 1.0m
- Pipes 375mm - 1.5 to 2.0m
Industrial/Commercial Interallotment drainage, and Council Drainage
Pipes. These pipes shall generally be located in pathway systems.
- Pipes 375mm to 750mm - 2.5m
- Pipes 825mm to 1200mm - 3.0m
- Pipes 1350mm to 1800mm - 3.5m
Easement width for other pipe sizes and multiple pipes will be
determined by Council.
ALL drainage structures MUST be contained within the relevant
easement. Easements may be widened to ensure this occurs.
2.20 Overland Flow Paths
Subdivisions
Any overland stormwater flow from the 100 year ARI event must be
discharged via a road or pathway system. Easements will not be
acceptable except under exceptional circumstances, or where upstream
catchment area is < 2. ha.

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Site Developments
For site developments, e.g., medium density development, an overland
flowpath shall be provided through the site to cater for the 100 year ARI
event flows from the upstream catchment. These flows must be safely
conveyed through the site to Council's road and/or drainage system.
Restrictions/Positive Covenants
Restrictions and positive covenants shall be provided over all
constructed overland flowpaths. The wording shall be in accordance
with Appendix F "Standard Recital for Terms of Easements, Covenants
and Restrictions" of this Guide.
2.21 Retaining Walls
Retaining walls adjacent to roads, pathways, public reserves as well as between
private lot boundaries shall be constructed in reinforced concrete or masonry
with an attractive finish. They shall not be constructed from any timber
products.
The Applicant must provide full engineering details of the proposed structure,
including elevation, typical cross-section and structural certification.
The design of the retaining wall must be prepared by a Registered Engineer.
A certificate of structural adequacy from a Registered Engineer for the finished
product shall also be submitted to Council on completion of the works.
2.22 Erosion and Sediment Control Measures
A plan prepared in accordance with the requirements of Section 5.165 shall be
provided showing relevant site characteristics and design criteria of erosion and
sediment controls and should include but not be limited to the following:
* Existing and design contours,
* Existing site drainage and vegetation,
* Limit of clearing, grading and filling,
* Grades/Slopes of site,
* Critical natural areas (natural watercourses, swamps, cliffs, etc.),
* Location of topsoil stockpiles, roads and all impervious surfaces,
* Distance to nearest natural watercourse or drainage line,
* Catchment area boundaries,
* Sediment basin calculations,
* Erosion and sediment controls, including diversions,
* Construction/Revegetation notes, and
* Outline of program for maintenance of erosion and sediment controls.

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2.23 Traffic Management Measures

Traffic Control
A plan prepared in accordance with the requirements of Section 5.14
shall be provided showing traffic control measures for each stage of a
proposed development and should include but not be limited to the
following:
* Diversion of pedestrian traffic,
* Delineation of temporary traffic paths,
* Position of warning devices,
* After hours traffic arrangements, including emergency contact
names and telephone numbers and
* Instructions for the installation, operation, between stage
rearrangements, and removal of traffic control devices, safety
barriers, temporary pavement markets, etc.
Traffic Regulation (Permanent)
A plan shall be prepared showing all permanent traffic regulatory and
warning devices including but not limited to linemarking (edge lines,
centre lines, and holding lines), painted lane arrows, school zone signs
and pavement markings, curve warning signs, keep left signs, parking
restrictions, speed limit signs, bus zones, and any other warning signs as
required by the development consent or relevant Australian Standard.
The plan must be submitted to the Local Traffic Committee (LTC) via
Council’s Traffic Management Team for endorsement and approval
prior to installation. The installation of the signage must incorporate all
adopted recommendations of the LTC.
Traffic Facilities (Permanent)
A plan for permanent traffic facilities, other than signage, such as
roundabouts, median islands, pedestrian refuges, traffic calming
devices, etc. as required by the development consent or relevant
Australian Standard must be prepared and submitted to the Local Traffic
Committee (LTC) for endorsement and approval prior to issue of a
Construction Certificate or Subdivision Works Certificate for the works.
Such Construction Certificate or Subdivision Works Certificate must
incorporate all adopted recommendations of the LTC.
2.24 Adjoining Owners Permission
Where minor ancillary works are necessary on adjoining private properties the
applicant must submit the written consent of the owner to such work, by letter,
prior to approval of engineering plans.

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Minor ancillary works are considered to be works that tie the design levels back
to existing levels on adjoining land. Typically this would be a maximum of 0.5m
of cut/fill and batters at 1:5 and works not extending beyond 3mts from the
property boundary.
Where the extent of works on the adjoining land is considered by council to be
more than minor, then the development application must include all affected
property as part of the application. It may also be necessary to obtain
appropriate easements over such works. E.g. Easements for access, support,
drainage etc.
2.25 Works-As-Executed Plans (WAE) for Engineering Works
General
(a) In order to have a permanent record of construction which
incorporates amendments completed site regarding, etc. Works-
As-Executed Plans shall be lodged for Council’s records, with
W.A.E. figures (where there is a variation from the design)
shown boxed, in red colour, on plan and longitudinal sections.
(b) Works-As-Executed Plans must be submitted to Council prior
to final inspection by the Development Inspector.
(c) Subdivision Certificate (Plan of Subdivision) will not be
processed until the Works-As-Executed Plans have been
received and verified.
(d) The Works-As-Executed Plans must be certified by a Registered
Surveyor or Engineer responsible for the preparation of the
Works-As-Executed Plan.
(e) The Surveyor responsible for the Plan of Subdivision, or where
easements are registered, covering the subdivision /
development, shall supply a signed certificate stating that all
pipes and associated structures are located wholly within the
respective easements (see Appendix “H” for example of
Easement Certificate).
(f) The following certificate shall be appended to each sheet of the
plans and signed by the Registered Surveyor or Engineer:
“I hereby certify that engineering works shown on this plan have
been constructed in accordance with Construction Certificate /
or Subdivision Works Certificate issued by ……. OR the plans
and specification approved by Blacktown City Council.”
Name …………………………..

Signature ………………………

Capacity ……………………….

Date ………………………….…

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Information To Be Shown
2.25.2.1 Kerb & Gutter
(i) Footway widths, gutter invert/nominal kerb line to
property boundary.
(ii) All T.P.’s.
(iii) Centre of curves.
(iv) Beginning and end of construction.
(v) Intermediate points on long straights no more that
100m intervals, where variation exceeds 10% from
the approved width.
2.25.2.2 Gutter invert levels
(i) All T.P.’s.
(ii) Crest Points.
(iii) Sag Points.
(iv) End of straight grades.
(v) As required on flat grades.
(vi) Location of all Vehicular Crossings to be shown.

2.25.2.3 Stormwater Drainage

(i) Invert levels of all pipelines at entrance and exit of all
pits and headwalls.
(ii) Pipe sizes at entrance and exit of all pits.
(iii)Two connections from lot corner peg shall be given to
locate slope junction of all interallotment drainage lines.
(iv) The depth from finished surface level to invert of slope
junction of all interallotment drainage lines.
(v) The information required in Sections 2.25.2.3(iii) and
(iv) shall also be shown on the Interallotment Drainage
Plan required by Section 1.17.5 of this Guide.
(vi) The location of all pipes within lot boundaries shown by
dimensions to nearest boundaries.
(vii)The location of all pits and pipes within street
alignments where the location varies by more than 0.5m
from the approved design.
2.25.2.4 Site Regrading
Where any lot is the subject of site regrading, the following
is required:
(i) Finished surface levels recorded by spot levels of the
regrading area.
(ii) For minor regrading (i.e. cut or fill < 0.5m deep) Spot
levels observed and recorded on plans at:
■ Allotment corners,
■ Centre of front and rear boundaries, and

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■ 12 metres from front alignment on side

boundaries and centre of lot.
(iii)Major site regrading (i.e. cut or fill over 0.5m in depth)
recorded by new contours.
(iv)A Fill Plan, as per requirements of Section 2.26 of this
Guide.
2.25.2.5 Design Variations
Where design details have been varied prior to or during
constructions, Works as Executed plans shall show the
details of such variations or amendments.
2.25.2.6 Flood Prone Areas
Spot levels are required on all lots as per Section 2.25.2.4(ii).
2.26 Fill Plans
A plan showing filling, where any part of a subdivision has had the surface
level raised by the placement of any fill, other than nominal topsoiling, is to be
provided showing a minimum of that area of the subdivision that has been
filled plus a reasonable surrounding area to enable the filled section to be
located and should include the following:
* Road numbers and road names,
* Road reserve boundaries,
* Allotment layout, including easements and lots numbered in accordance
with the final plan of subdivision,
* Extent of fill (using maximum intervals of 0.5m),
* Fill area hatched, and hatching shown in a legend as filled area,
* Stripped and finished levels,
* Contours, and
* Certification of the plan by a Registered Surveyor or Engineer.

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2.27 Scales
The following scales shall be used for the following plans and sections, unless
varied by the Coordinator:
* Engineering Detail Plan 1:1000, 1:500 or 1:200,
* Road Longitudinal Section 1:100 (vertical) to 1:500 (horizontal),
* Road Cross Section 1:100 Natural or 1:100 (vertical) to
1:200 (horizontal),
* Intersection Details 1:250, 1:200 or 1:100,
* Layout Plan 1:500, 1:1000, 1:2000 or 1:4000,*
Catchment Plan 1:500, 1:1000, 1:2000 or 1:4000 (for
external catchment),
* Locality Plan 1:500, 1:1000, 1:2000 or 1:4000,
* Kerb Return Plan 1:200,
* Kerb Return Longitudinal 1:100 (vertical) to 1:200
Section (horizontal), and
* Details 1:10, 1:20, 1:50 or 1:100 as required.
2.28 Dimensions
Linear dimensions on all engineering plans shall be in metres, with the
exception of detail plans which may be in millimetres. Methods of
dimensioning will be in accordance with the current Australian Standard.
Chainage shall be expressed to the nearest 0.01m, levels shall be reduced to
Australian Height Datum (AHD) and expressed to the nearest 0.005m (except
Bench Marks, PM’s and SSM’s which will be expressed to the nearest 0.001m).

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3. ROAD DESIGN
3.1 Scope
This section of the manual sets out Council’s requirements for the design of
urban and rural roads. It is in no way a comprehensive design manual and it is
intended to be read in conjunction with and as a supplement to:
* AUSTROADS (2020) – Guide to Traffic Management
* AUSTROADS (2020) – Guide to Road Design- suite of design
manuals- as amended
* AUSTROADS (2019) – Guide to Pavement Technology – Part 2
Pavement structural Design
* ARRB, Transport Research (2005) Sealed Local Roads Manual –
Guidelines to Good Practice for the Construction, Maintenance and
Rehabilitation of Pavements and
* Council’s relevant Development Control Plans.
3.2 Aim
The design and construction of a road system that provides the following:
* a high level of safety for all users,
* acceptable levels of amenity and protection from the impact of traffic,
* a reasonable level of convenience for all users, and
* economy of construction and maintenance.
3.3 Planning Standards
The road hierarchy has been developed to cater for various functions that need
to be performed by roads within Council’s road network. The road hierarchy
and relevant road widths are listed in Table 3.1 a n d 3 . 3 of this Guide
and are also embodied in Council’s Blacktown Development Control Plan 2015
(Part A).
New road layouts and widths must conform to that shown in Table 3.1 and 3.3
and any other relevant Development Control Plans. The precise location of any
proposed roads are subject to the detailed site assessment carried out during
the subdivision application process. In areas not covered by a Development
Control Plan the layout and width will be determined by Council on their
merits.
Kerb return and cul-de-sac details are contained within Section 2.12 of this
guide.

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Table 3.1 Road Hierarchy and Widths

Road Type Carriageway Footway each Total road Number of Lanes
(in metres) side Reserve
(in metres) (in metres)
SUB-ARTERIAL
Within Zone SP2 road 12.5 separated 4.25 Generally 4 travel lanes and no parking
by 4m median 25
INDUSTRIAL
Collector
within new industrial 15.5 3.75 23 2 travel lanes and 2 parking lanes
areas
Other Industrial 13.5 3.5 20.5 2 travel lanes and 2 parking lanes
RESIDENTIAL
Collector (1)
loop roads serving
11 3.5 18 2 travel lanes and 2 parking lanes
activity centres such as
large open space areas,
shops, etc.
Local Street
Minor loop roads and cul-
de-sac serving more than 9 3.5 16 2 travel lanes and 2 parking lanes
30 dwellings including
corner lots
Cul-de-sac
serving a maximum of 30
7.5 3.5 14.5 2 travel lanes parking
dwellings/dwelling units permitted
(not lots), no residues,
super lots, or medium
density sites at the end of
cul-de-sac.
ACCESS STREET
Development one side 5.5 only for 3.5 on 10 1 travel and with permitted
only short lengths residential parking
(maximum of 8 side
dwellings or 1.0 other
80m) to link opposite side
cul-de-sac
Development both sides As above 3.5 12.5 As above

Temporary Road 7 3.0 & 1.0 11 2 travel lanes

Pathways 4.0 – 10.0 m depending on Pedestrians &/or cycles only
function.
(access/drainage/servicing)

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3.4 Community Title Roads & Private Access

This section applies to community title roads and private access ways in residential
zones that have lots/dwellings with primary frontage to the road / access way. Refer to
the Growth Centres DCP for rear load laneways in growth centres. This does not
include battleaxe handles.

Table 3.2 Road Formation Requirements

Footway each Total road Number of Lanes

Road Type Carriageway side ² Reserve
(in metres) (in metres) (in metres)
Lots/Dwellings Served ¹
Up to 5 dwellings 4.5 1.5 minimum 7.5 Single travel no parking

6 – 15 dwellings 5.5 1.5 minimum 8.5 Single travel parking permitted

16-30 dwellings 6 2.0 minimum 10 2 travel, parking permitted

Greater than 30 dwellings 7 2.0 minimum 11 2 travel, parking permitted³

or equivalent
Notes:
1. The assessment for the number of dwellings includes:
a. Dwelling potential, example: dual occupancy
b. Any rear loaded lots utilising the road
2. The footway area is for services and landscaping. Fencing will not be permitted
within buffer strips. For more than 15 dwellings a 1.5m wide concrete footpath shall
be provided on one side. For more than 30 dwellings a 1.5m footpath shall be
provided on both sides.
3. The carriageway may be reduced to 6.0m if dedicated parking bays, equivalent or
greater than the available on-street provision, are
provided within the community lot.
Turning Heads
The road layout should provide for through traffic. In exceptional
circumstances dead-end roads may be considered only if a dedicated turning
area is included in the community land. The turning areas shall comply with
the following:
a. Up to 15 lots – an AS2890 B99 vehicle with a maximum three point
turning manoeuvre.
b. 16 to 30 lots – a medium rigid vehicle with a maximum three point
turning manoeuvre.
c. More than 30 lots – a residential cul-de-sac in accordance with this
guide.
d. Where a waste collection service is proposed from the dead-end section
of road, a residential cul-de-sac as in accordance with this guide must
be provided.

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Utility Services
Utility Services for lots served by the community road should be located within
the footway area and not under rigid pavements. The arrangement for the
installation and provision of services shall be generally in accordance with the
requirements of this guide and the relevant utility provider.
3.5 Half Width Roads
Council does not encourage the construction of half width roads, however in
certain circumstances this may be permitted. A minimum 4.5m width pavement
must be fully constructed.
Where half widths roads are approved, the applicant is required to provide
sufficient details regarding the extent of works to ensure operational
effectiveness and safety. This will involve a full design together with sufficient
details to ensure adequate transitions to the standard road pavements inclusive
of full width cross sections.
Where there are level differences between the design levels and adjoining land
they should transition with batters. Council will not permit retaining structures
within the road reserve. Council will require written consent from adjoining
owners for minor works, refer section 2.24.
Where there are significant level differences and/or retaining walls are
proposed, suitable safety barriers and or fencing must be shown on the plans.
Any such barriers should not reduce the trafficable lane width. A road safety
audit must be submitted with the application and the recommendations of the
audit incorporated into the design.
3.6 Construction Specification
Council's Works Specification - Civil complements this Guide and shall be
referred to for all construction details.
3.7 Pavement Design
A preliminary pavement design shall be prepared by a suitably qualified NER
engineer. A preliminary design may be based on an assumed California
Bearing Ratio (CBR) value not greater than 3.
A final pavement design shall be prepared by a Geotechnical Engineer and/or
registered N.A.T.A. laboratory based on a suitable site investigation. This
investigation shall include logging of test holes to a depth of not less than 1m
below subgrade (unless rock is encountered). Samples of material for testing
shall be taken from the site along the proposed road alignment at the design
subgrade level.
Details of the pavement design, together with results of subgrade testing
(including 4 day soaked CBR's) are to be submitted to and approved by Council
prior to commencement of pavement construction.
Note: Notwithstanding the above testing requirements, a maximum CBR value
of 7 shall be used for the pavement design.

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The design shall be based on Traffic Loading Criteria specified in the Consent
for the proposed works, which is based on the Design Traffic Loadings shown
in Table 3.3.
The structural design of the pavement must be in accordance with the following
procedures and shall have a confidence factor of 95%:-
(i) For N values equal to or less than 5x105 ESA
* Pavements should be designed using the general principals of
Austroads (2019) “Guide to Pavement Technology – Part 2
Pavement Structural Design ” – chapter 12
* Asphaltic concrete pavements shall have two layers of AC10
totaling a minimum thickness of 50mm.
(ii) For N Values greater than 5x105 ESA
* Pavements should be designed using the general principles of
Austroads (2019) “Guide to Pavement Technology – Part 2
Pavement Structural Design ”,
* It is anticipated that the pavement shall contain at least one
bound layer of either asphaltic concrete or portland cement
concrete, and
* Asphaltic concrete pavements shall have two layers of AC10
totalling a minimum thickness of 50mm.
(iii) Alternate Designs
* Alternate designs may be submitted accompanied by supporting
evidence from a geotechnical engineer as to the bearing capacity
of the subgrade and the structural adequacy of the
proposed pavement
(iv) Private
Community Title roads shall be constructed using rigid pavements. The
initial 5m of these roads shall be constructed using:
(a) Contrasting coloured concrete with arrows and a dividing line
incorporated in a complimentary colour scheme, or
(b) paving bricks laid on a reinforced concrete base with similar
contrasting signage as above to A(BS)112M.
(v) Minimum Pavement Thickness
In all cases of flexible pavement design the minimum pavement
thickness allowed shall be 300mm, excluding the thickness of the final
wearing course.
(vi) Use of Hawkesbury Sandstone in Industrial Roads
Sandstone shall not be used in pavements for Industrial Roads unless it
has been augmented by a process approved by Council.

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Table 3.3: Road Design Parameters

Road Type AADT N(ESA) Kerb Type #

SUB-ARTERIAL Based on Traffic Counts 150mm kerb & gutter

INDUSTRIAL
* Collector & - 1 x 107 150mm kerb & gutter
Heavy Duty
* Light Duty - 5 x 106 150mm kerb & gutter

COMMERCIAL - 2 x 106 150mm kerb & gutter

RESIDENTIAL
*Major Collector 4,000 - 10,000 1 x 106 150mm kerb & gutter
* Minor Collector 2,000 - 4,000 5 x 105 150mm kerb & gutter
* Local Street 500 - 2,000 5 x 105 Roll top kerb & gutter
* Cul-de-sac 0 - 500 5 x 104 Roll top kerb & gutter
* Access Street 0 - 500 5 x 104 Roll top kerb & gutter
*Private/
Community Title 0 - 500 5 x 104 Mountable/Rigid Pavement
Roads

Note #:Kerb types to conform with Council's standard (refer Council Plan A(BS)101M)
3.8 Pavement Surfacing
All roads shall be surfaced with an initial course of 25mm thickness AC10.
The final wearing course of 25mm thickness of AC10 will be laid by Council
at a later date and paid for by the Applicant as a monetary payment. (This does
not apply to roundabouts.)
Roundabouts shall have an AC wearing course thickness of a m i n i m u m
75mm of SBS Polymer Modified AC14. The full 75mm thickness shall be
constructed by the Applicant at one time and shall extend on each leg a
minimum of 10m or to the end of the splitter islands (including linemarked)
whichever is the greater.
3.9 Geometric Design - General Principles (including designing for salinity)
Principles which are to be adopted in the engineering design are:-
(a) The assessment of geometric design in release areas must consider the
Indicative Layout Plan (ILP) road pattern as set out in the Growth
Centres DCP in particular for future roads in the vicinity of the site. In
particular sight distance and horizontal geometry.
(b) Carriage ways are to provide a smooth, safe trafficable alignment and
surface. The use of dish crossings is to be avoided.

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(c) Ponding of surface water is to be alleviated by site filling if practicable,

the run-off being catered for in the street drainage system. Fill areas or
regrading areas are not to concentrate flows but are to broaden
surface flows having regard to levels. Alternative drainage schemes
shall be designed if ponding is unavoidable.
(d) Over all areas of the site to be developed, the minimum finished surface
slope shall be generally 1.0% oriented in any direction.
(e) Unless there are specific site requirements to excavate material for site
filling and improvement works, excavation shall be kept to an optimum
level commensurate with lot access and value.
(f) The design consultant must thoroughly investigate the site to determine
if there are any salinity issues which need to be addressed. If problems
are found, the Consultant must address them in their design. Steps taken
may include, but are not limited to:
* Minimising level of excavation/disturbance required for
roadworks,
* Minimise infiltration by surface waters by providing adequate
sub-soil drainage,
* Provide adequate drainage for upstream catchments, and
* Use appropriate materials in construction of roadworks.
Designers must also follow guidelines set out in DIPNR's "Roads and
Salinity" (2003) Guide book and in WSROC's "Western Sydney
Salinity Code of Practice (2003)"
(g) If Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) features, e.g., bio-retention
swales, are proposed, the road and pavement design must be modified
accordingly.
Note: Any proposed variations to standard road widths and formations
as set out in Table 3.1 and 3.3 must be submitted to and approved by
Council prior to issue of Development Consent.
3.10 Design Speed
Design speed is the speed applied to the design of a road's geometric elements
to create and maintain a speed environment for 85% of drivers.
Generally the following design speeds should be adopted:
Cul-de-sac, Access Streets
and Community Title Roads 30 km/h
Local Streets 50 km/h
Collector Streets 60 km/h
The maximum speed limit for built-up areas in NSW is 60 km/h and this speed
should be used for calculating design values which depend on speed. Vehicular
speeds are limited by road intersections as well as changes in vertical and
horizontal alignment. The adopted design speed may be reduced with
permission of the Coordinator.

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3.11 Sight Distance

Refer to the current edition of Austroads Guide to Road Design – various parts.
The Absolute Minimum sight distance is that required for a driver to observe
an object on the road surface ahead, and to stop the vehicle before reaching the
object. This sight distance shall be available at every point on every road and
at intersections to provide sufficient distance for an approaching vehicle to
stop before an obstruction in the roadway at the intersection, using the approved
design speed. Table 3.4 gives the appropriate value of sight distance for various
vehicle speeds.
Table 3.4 - Absolute Minimum Sight Distance (AMCORD)
Target Speed (km/h) Sight Distance (m)
15 5
30 20
40 30
50 40
60 55
The Desirable Minimum sight distance for two-way roads is that required for
the drivers of two opposing vehicles to see each other in sufficient time to stop
before collision. Table 3.5 gives the appropriate value of sight distance for
various vehicle speeds. This distance shall be provided at intersections to
provide sufficient distance for a vehicle stopped in the side road, at the
alignment of the through road, to start and turn safely onto the through road,
and wherever else possible.
Table 3.5 - Desirable Minimum Sight Distance
Target Speed (km/h) Sight Distance (m)
15 10
30 40
40 60
50 80
60 110
Where sight distance available on a two-way rural road is less than the Desirable
Minimum, pavement markings restricting overtaking shall be provided,
together with appropriate widening of the shoulder if considered necessary
by Council's Engineer.

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3.12 Horizontal Alignment

Drivers react to restrictive horizontal alignment by slowing to an appropriate
speed, hence the desired maximum Design Speed is maintained by deliberately
designing a restrictive horizontal alignment.
The horizontal alignment of a road is to be generally in accordance with
Council's relevant Development Control Plan.
The minimum horizontal deflection angle for which a curve is needed is 1.0
degree. Where possible the radii of the curve shall be maximised to reduce the
necessity for centreline shift and widening of the carriageway. The minimum
radii for various deflection angles shall be in accordance with Table 3.6.
Table 3.6 - Minimum Curve Radii
Deflection Angle (Degrees) Minimum Radius (m)
75 20
60 33
40 65
30 75
20 100
3.13 Transitions and Widening on Curves
All curves of less than 180 metres radius shall be widened and provided with
plan transition at the junctions with the tangents. This applies particularly to
curves which tend to reduce the speed of traffic flow and those with crests
within their length.
3.14 Longitudinal Gradient
Longitudinal grades shall generally be in accordance with Table 3.7.
Table 3.7 - Minimum/Maximum Longitudinal Grades
Road Type Desirable Absolute Desirable Absolute
Minimum Minimum Maximum Maximum
(%) (%) (%) (%)
Arterial 1.0 0.7 5.0 7.0
Sub-arterial 1.0 0.7 6.0 8.0
Industrial 1.0 0.7 6.0 10.0
Residential 1.0 0.7 12.0 16.0
Rural 1.0 0.7 12.0 16.0
At the intersections, the longitudinal grade of the side road, within 6.0 metres
of the through road, should not exceed 5.0%. The longitudinal grade at the
head of cul-de-sac should also not exceed 5.0%.
Where the topography makes it difficult to provide a road location to conform
to the required grades, the lengths over which these grades apply will then
become a consideration and any variations will be at the discretion of the
Coordinator.

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3.15 Vertical Curves

Vertical curves of the form of simple parabolas shall be provided at all changes
of grade exceeding the following:
* Access, Local and Collector 1.0%
* Rural, Sub-arterial and Arterial 0.6%
Where the change of grade is less than that shown above, the centreline grading
shall be "eased" over a symmetrically located distance of 10 metres. This
distance may be reduced to 5 metres for cul-de-sac, access streets and
community title roads.
Vertical curves must be calculated using the following formula:
L=KxA
Where;
L = length of vertical curve (m)
K = vertical curve constant
A = algebraic difference in grade (%)
When using this formula, the following K values must be used:

Speed K value (crest) K value (sag)

40 km/h 3.5 4
50 km/h 6.8 7
60 km/h 11.8 10
70 km/h 19.1 13

Every effort should be made to provide vertical curves as long as possible for
improved appearance, however, surface drainage should be maintained in
proximity to sag points. The design of vertical curves shall be in accordance
with the Austroads (2020) “Guide to Road Design” and the following:
* A minimum design speed of 60 km/h shall be adopted even if the
horizontal alignment is not satisfactory for that speed,
* The minimum length of a sag vertical curve is that governed by sight
distance requirements,
* The desirable minimum length of a sag vertical curve is that providing
minimum headlight sight distance and this length should be provided
wherever possible,
* The absolute minimum length of a sag vertical curve is based on the
consideration of riding comfort and shall be such that the maximum
vertical acceleration is 0.1G, and
* In addition to the minimum length requirements mentioned above, from
a consideration of appearance the minimum length of a vertical curve
in urban areas shall not be less than that shown in Table 3.8.

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Table 3.8 - Minimum Vertical Curve Lengths

General Minimum Curve
Road Type Minimum Curve Length at Road
Length (m) Junctions (m)
Cul-de-sac, Access & Local Streets 25 6
Collector Streets 35 12
Sub-arterial/Arterial 50 20
* Length of vertical curves given in table 3.8 are given for straight
alignments; longer curves may be necessary where roads also have
horizontal curvature,
* The use of short sections of straight grade between vertical curves is
undesirable for appearance and should be avoided,
* The tangent point of a vertical curve in the side road should be located
at, or behind, the kerb line of the through road, and
* Vertical curves on kerb returns must be treated in such a manner as to
make construction practical.
3.16 Super-Elevation
Where super-elevation is considered necessary, the design shall be carried out
in accordance with the Austroads (2020) “Guide to Road Design” adopting a
maximum value of 4.0% in urban areas and 7.0% in rural areas.
3.17 Carriageway Crossfall
The normal crossfall of road pavement on a straight alignment shall be in
accordance with Table 3.9.
Table 3.9 - Normal Crossfall
Surface Type Road Crossfall (%)
Concrete 2.0 - 3.0
Asphaltic Concrete 3.0
Sprayed Seal 3.0 - 4.0
There are many controls in urban areas which may force departures from the
above values. Should it be necessary to increase or decrease crossfalls the
variances should be within 1.0% of the above values.
3.18 Kerb and Gutter
Concrete kerb and gutter shall be provided on both sides of roads. Concrete kerb
and gutter shall be provided generally in accordance with Table 3.3 and
Council's Works Specification - Civil.
150mm integral kerb and gutter shall be provided adjacent to public open
space and for roundabout kerb returns.
For infill development, or where new kerb and gutter joins existing works, the
kerb and gutter type shall match the existing unless otherwise specified.

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Pedestrian ramps shall be provided at all intersections in accordance with

Council's Plan A(BS)104M and with Council's Works Specification - Civil.
3.19 Full Width Path Paving
Where a development is required to have full width paving, the crossfall should
be not less than 1% and not more than 2.5% from the back of kerb to the property
boundary.
Where buildings are located on the boundary line, the footway and building
design will need to be integrated to ensure longitudinal and lateral footway
gradients comply with the above requirement as well as relevant standards for
pedestrian safety and universal access requirements particularly at entry points
to buildings and public spaces, including driveway entries.
In considering these requirements the footway design should have a consistent
longitudinal gradient without multiple or significant variations in grade along
the building frontage. Any gradient changes required shall be transitioned
appropriately to ensure visual amenity and pedestrian safety.
The footway design shall also consider relevant streetscape elements such as
existing and proposed street furniture, trees, driveway crossings, service pits etc.
Services shall be adjusted as required to comply with the above requirements at
no cost to Council.
The design plans must include long-sections at the building frontage and kerb
line and provide sufficient level information at key locations to ensure the
constructed pathway complies with the design requirements above.
Where segmental path paving is proposed it must be undertaken in accordance
with Council’s Standard Drawing A(BS)178M.
3.20 Footpath Crossfall
Footpath areas shall be sloped towards the road so that water does not drain
onto adjoining properties. A desirable grade of 4.0% shall be provided. This
may be reduced to a minimum grade of 2.0% to accommodate existing
vehicular crossing and other facilities. A maximum grade of 6% maybe allowed
with prior approval from Council. Where concrete path paving is to be
constructed it shall have a crossfall of 2.5% irrespective of the crossfall of the
adjoining area of the nature strip.
3.21 Berms
Berms shall extend 0.5 metres in cut or fill beyond the property boundary at
the same grade as the footpath.

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3.22 Batters
Batters shall be designed at stable slopes at the edge of the berm in accordance
with table 3.10.
Table 3.10 - Maximum Batter Slopes
Desirable Maximum Absolute Maximum
Batter Type
Slope (V:H) Slope (V:H)
Earth 1:5 1:4
Rock 1:0.5 1:0.25
The abovementioned slopes for rock batters refer only to cut batters in solid
rock with few clay bands.
Where the abovementioned slopes cannot be reasonably attained, variances
may be permitted subject to approval being obtained from the Coordinator.
The need for constructing retaining walls should be avoided wherever possible.
Should a retaining wall be necessary the Applicant must provide full
engineering details of the proposed structure, including elevation, typical cross-
section and structural certification by a Registered Engineer. Refer to Section
2.21.
3.23 Intersections
The design of intersections or junctions shall be in accordance with
AUSTROADS - Guide to Traffic Management (2020), Austroads (2020)
“Guide to Road Design”, various parts and/or the requirements of Councils
Coordinator Engineering Approvals.
Intersections should generally be located so that streets intersect at right angles
and at not less than 70°. Adequate stopping and sight distances should be
provided on each of the approach legs of an intersection and for any horizontal
or vertical curves.
Turning movements shall be accommodated by using AUSTROADS Design
Vehicles and Turning Templates as follows:
* For turning movements involving collector streets, the "design semi-
trailer" with turning path radius 12.5 metres shall be used to enable
turns to be made in a single forward movement,
* For turning movements involving local streets and collector streets, the
"design single unit" truck with turning path radius 12.0 metres shall be
used to enable turns to be made in a single forward movement, and
* For turning movements on access streets and cul-de-sac, the "design car"
with turning path radius 7.5 metres shall be used.

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3.24 Kerb Returns

The design of kerb returns is necessary for all road junctions to ensure a smooth
trafficable surface around the return and where necessary to locate low points
for drainage purposes.
The standard radius of a kerb return is 8.5m for residential roads and 12m for
industrial roads.
Any variation to the above radii shall be approved by Councils Coordinator
Engineering Approvals and should accommodate the intended vehicular
movement using AUSTROADS Design Vehicles and Turning Templates.
On bus routes the geometry of kerb returns may be varied to allow for the
turning circle of larger vehicles.
Kerb returns at intersections, junctions and turning heads shall detail kerb levels
(on the nominal kerb lines) at tangent points, quarter points and wherever
necessary to ensure accurate construction.
Crests and low points (in intersections, junctions and turning head kerb returns)
shall be defined by chord distances to the nearest tangent point.
Generally the profile shall be designed by adopting the grades of the approach
and exit kerbs to the return, by quartering the length of the return and by
computing kerb levels adopting two vertical curves as required.
As far as practicable low points within the kerb return shall be avoided to
eliminate the use of pits with curved lintels.
Kerb returns at intersections and junctions shall be shown on the drawing (in
plan only, at 1:200 scale).
Maximum and minimum longitudinal grade around each kerb return shall be
checked. Maximum crossfall from the centre of the road to the gutter shall
also be checked.
3.25 Cul-De-Sac Head Kerb Grading
The design kerb levels at the head of a cul-de-sac shall also be detailed in a
plan using a scale of 1:200.
The longitudinal profile of the kerb and gutter of the cul-de-sac head shall be
based on the adoption, as far as practicable of the standard 3% carriageway
crossfall at critical points in the arc length with easing of changes in grade by
designed vertical curves as required.
The minimum acceptable crossfall is 1.5% while the maximum allowable
crossfall is 8%.
It will be necessary to give special consideration to the design of kerb
longitudinal profiles for a cul-de-sac draining to the head. Drainage of the low
point in the head shall be provided via pipelines through easements or within
pathways. It is essential that provision be made for overland flow for events
which exceed pipeline capacity or to allow for blockages of the downstream

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line. The locations of easements or pathways may not be flexible and regrading
may be necessary to ensure safe overland flow.
3.26 Roundabouts
The design of roundabouts shall be in accordance with AUSTROADS - Guide
to Traffic Engineering Practice, Part 6, Roundabouts and AUSTROADS- Guide
to Road Design Part 4B: Roundabouts shall be approved by the Council and/or
the Roads and Maritime Services.
3.27 Temporary Turning Heads
A temporary turning head will be required for all dead end roads.
On part road construction the turning head shall be offset to meet the above
criteria. This will usually require an appropriate temporary easement over the
affected lot(s).
The turning heads must provide for the safe movement for vehicular and
pedestrian traffic. The design of the turning heads shall include but not limited
to the following requirements:
• turning area radius shall be a minimum of 9.0m.
• The location of the turning head must be clear of drainage pits, light
poles, street signs or similar obstructions.
• The pavement beyond the formed section of road shall be a minimum
150mm of compacted DGB on a compacted subgrade with a minimum
25mm layer of asphalt.
• All signage and linemarking necessary, including parking restrictions,
to indicate the traffic conditions and ensure the safe operation of the
turning area.
• Appropriate traffic barriers shall be installed adjacent to batters steeper
than 1V in 5H. Such barriers shall be a minimum 300mm clear of the
required turning area.
• Details for all necessary works for the removal the temporary facility
and restoration to provide the permanent road formation.
Council may require higher or additional requirements to the above subject to
consideration of the nature and volume of traffic anticipated and expected
timeframe for the use of the turning head.
3.28 Traffic Calming Devices
The design of traffic calming devices shall be in accordance with
AUSTROADS - Guide to Traffic Management, Part 8, Local Area Traffic
Management and shall be approved by Council.

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4. DRAINAGE DESIGN
4.1 Scope
This section of the Guide sets out Council's requirements for the design of
stormwater drainage for urban and rural areas. It is in no way a comprehensive
design manual and it is intended to be read in conjunction with, and as a
supplement to, the 1998 edition of Australian Rainfall and Run- off 1998
(AR&R).
4.2 Aim
The design and construction of a drainage system that provides the following:
* a high level of safety for all users,
* acceptable levels of amenity and protection from the impact of flooding,
and
* economy of construction and maintenance.
4.3 General Requirements
All drainage, whether internal or external to the site, relevant or reasonably
required in respect of the proposed development shall be provided to Council's
requirements at the Applicant's cost.
Pipe infrastructure to be dedicated to Council shall have a minimum cover of
600mm.
Detailed drainage investigation and designs shall be undertaken by an
experienced designer and submitted in accordance with Council's Drainage
Design Manual - Appendix "D" and general provisions of Australian Rainfall
and Runoff - 1998.
4.4 Trunk Drainage Designs
Trunk drainage designs have been prepared for most major drainage systems
within the City and are available, for reference, at Council's Civic Centre.
Applicants must ensure compatibility of their proposal with the Trunk Drainage
Designs.
4.5 Extent of Works
Engineering plans are required to define the extent of works, clearly delineating
all inlet and outlet works, both on adjoining private or public lands. Applicants
shall undertake detailed field checks of existing drainage facilities to which a
connection is proposed.

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4.6 Adjoining Owners Consent/Creation of Drainage Easements

Where drainage involves the provision of drains across land owned by others,
evidence that the necessary easements have been created over the downstream
properties must be lodged with Council. This evidence and downstream owner's
consent to carry out the proposed works must be lodged with the initial set
of engineering plans. Details of the easement and proposed works must be
shown on the engineering plans and downstream owners consent to carry out
the proposed works. Easements must be registered prior to release of the
engineering plans, Construction Certificate and/or Subdivision Works
Certificate.
4.7 Interallotment Drainage
Interallotment drainage shall be provided to every lot which does not drain
directly towards the road frontage. Interallotment drainage systems must drain
with the natural fall of the land.
The desirable minimum pipe grade shall be 1.0% and pipes shall be designed
to accept concentrated drainage from OSD systems or the concentrated drainage
from buildings and paved areas (impervious areas).
Pipe sizes shall be based on a 20 year ARI design flow or 18 L/s per lot
(whichever is greater), subject to a minimum size of 150mm diameter.
Where the pipeline serves more than 5 lots, a hydraulic grade line analysis will
be required with the design submission to ensure lots are not affected by
surcharge.
Minimum cover for pipelines within allotments shall be 300mm, apart from
footway crossings to kerbs with galvanised steel Rectangular Hollow Sections
(RHS).
Individual dwelling connection to the interallotment drainage system shall be
by a pit located at the low point of each lot.
Interallotment drainage pits shall be located, changes of grade, pipe size or
direction and spaced no further than 45metres apart.
Where interallotment drainage is located adjacent to a retaining wall or similar
structure, the interallotment pipes and pits shall be located a minimum of
300mm clear of any structural or drainage element associated with the retaining
wall. The width of the easement shall be adjusted as necessary.
The design and construction of interallotment drainage shall be in accordance
with the requirements of Section 6.18 of Council's Works Specification – Civil.

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4.8 Special Interallotment Drainage Requirements

Where a development requires an inter-allotment drainage line through an
existing lot(s), the easement must be registered and pipework constructed prior
to a construction certificate being issued for the development works on the
site.
The approval for such drainage works will be issued by Council under the
Local Government Act 1993 and/or Roads Act 1993.
4.9 Subsoil Drainage
Subsoil drainage shall be provided along the cut side of all new roads where
no drainage is provided, along the centreline of half road construction works,
at low spots, where required by the pavement design report, and where
directed by Council's Engineer/Development Inspector.
4.10 Flood Liable Land
Certain areas within the City are prone to flooding and these areas have been
mapped to give an indication of their liability to flooding.
Council generally does not allow any development, including filling, within
the floodway. Applicants, with land in these areas, should refer to Council's
Flood Policy for more specific details.
4.11 Pit Design
(i) Non-standard drainage structures for pipes larger than 750mm diameter
shall be designed and certified by a Registered Structural Engineer by
way of an accompanying letter or by statement on the engineering plans.
(ii) Drainage pits shall be designed wherever possible such that the inlet and
outlet walls are perpendicular to the centreline of inlet and outlet pipes.
(iii) Wherever possible, drainage pits shall be designed so that the pipe
centrelines intersect on the downstream pit face.
(iv) All drainage structures deeper than 1.5m shall be reinforced with
appropriate Fabric to Engineer's (structural) requirement and pits deeper
than 2.0m shall be structurally designed and certified.
(v) Refer to Section 4.3 "Inlet Design" in Appendix "D" of this Guide for
minimum nominal internal lintel sizes.
(vi) Drainage pits shall be designed and constructed in accordance with
Section 7.14 of Council's Works Specification - Civil.
4.12 Stormwater Kerb Connections
A galvanised steel kerb adaptor must be provided to each lot/dwelling
connecting to the kerb. The location of the connection should be on the low
side of the lot. Connections across the footway shall be an RHS steel section a
minimum 150mm wide. The connection should be perpendicular to the kerb
connection not be located below driveway crossings.

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Council may permit a skewed connection up to 45 degrees where it is contained

within the frontage of the lot being drained. Skewed connections shall not be
located on the frontage of adjoining lots. Private longitudinal drainage lines
within the footway area are not permitted.
4.13 Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD)
Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) is a holistic approach to water
management in urban areas. The objective of WSUD is to maintain or replicate
the pre-development water cycle through the use of design techniques to create
a functionally equivalent hydrological landscape or, put simply, it is about
optimising grey water reuse, optimising the use of rainwater that falls on the
urban area while minimising the amount of water lost when it is transported
away from the catchment, and thus ultimately minimise the demand for potable
water.
WSUD may be applied to new or existing streets and developments, to public
or private property.
WSUD measures may involve vegetated swales, bio-retention systems and
rainwater tanks.
Any proposal to incorporate WSUD measures into a new development shall be
submitted to Council for consideration with the Development Application.
WSUD measures shall be designed and constructed in accordance with the
relevant Council policies.
Details of Council's requirements may be obtained from Council’s WSUD
Developer Handbook, Council’s WSUD Standard drawings as well as
Councils DCP – Part J.
4.14 Temporary OSD and Water Quality Basins
General Requirements
Temporary infrastructure is required where the regional infrastructure for the
site is not yet operational and/or where there is no suitable legal drainage
connection between the site and the regional facility. Where the provision of
temporary stormwater quantity and/or quality is required, the design of the
system shall be generally in accordance with Council’s WSUD Standard
Drawings and the requirements set out in this Guide.
Any lots affected by the temporary basins and associated infrastructure shall
be either a residual lot or a subsequent stage of subdivision. Council will not
permit the subdivision of lots affected by temporary infrastructure.
In addition to the 3 stages of the basin set out in the WSUD Standard Drawings,
temporary infrastructure will include a fourth decommissioning stage.
The engineering plans for the temporary infrastructure shall also include details
for the transition works required at each stage including decommissioning of
the system and rehabilitation of the site.

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Special Requirements
In addition to the requirements of the WSUD Drawings, temporary basins shall
meet the following criteria:
• All diversion and blocking structures shall be designed and constructed
to withstand the hydraulic loads of the system.
• Maximum retaining wall height of 2.4m and
• Walls and top of batters shall be located a minimum of 1m from the
adjoining lot boundary and/or road reserve.
• Maximum internal batters of 1V:3H
• Minimum 1.8m high chain wire or similar perimeter fence and
Lockable gates.
• Suitable access for maintenance including ramps for vehicles with all-
weather surface, minimum 4m (ABS175M) wide and a maximum grade
of 1V:5H.
Decommissioning Temporary Basins
The decommissioning of temporary basins will usually require a Roads
Act Approval together with a subdivision works certificate (SWC). A
new SWC may not be required if the full detail of the decommissioning
works was shown on the original SWC.
The decommissioning works shall ensure that all public and private land
affected by temporary works is rehabilitated to a state that will not cause
adverse effects to council’s infrastructure or the current and future
owners of the land.
Prior to decommissioning of any temporary infrastructure, written
approval must be obtained from Council. Approval will not be given
until all the following criteria have been satisfied:
a) the regional basin is operational, and
b) an appropriate water quality system is available within the
regional basin, and
c) there is a legal and contiguous stormwater connection, capable of
appropriately and safely conveying stormwater from the site to the
regional facility for all flows up to and including the 100 year
ARI.
The civil engineering and earthworks associated with the
decommissioning shall be undertaken in accordance with the
requirements of this Guide and Council’s Civil Works Specification.
In particular:
• All blockages and diversions in pits and pipes shall be removed
and/or reinstated as necessary.

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• All redundant pits, headwalls, pipelines and associated infrastructure

shall be removed. All basin walls, footings and fencing shall be
removed.
• All filling, compaction and grading of the site.
• Any other works necessary to reinstate the site.
A CCTV report on the completed decommissioning pipe works will be
submitted to Council to confirm the conditions of the pipes and to verify
removal of temporary blockages and reinstatement of permanent
connections has been undertaken satisfactorily.
4.15 CCTV Inspections
Council requires that a Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) inspection be
undertaken on all new stormwater pipes and culverts between 300mm and
2000mm diameter (or equivalent) that will become council assets. The
inspections must be carried out in accordance with this Guide and Council’s
Civil Works Specification.
The CCTV inspection must not be carried out until all road construction and
earthworks have been completed (excluding any deferred AC works).
Council may also require CCTV inspection of existing systems in the vicinity
of the connection of a new system to an existing system.
Additional inspections may also be required following approved repairs or
prior to release of maintenance bonds.
The CCTV report must identify the following elements for each line:
i. Joint alignment
ii. Joint gaps
iii. Cracks and defects
iv. Connections to pits/headwalls/other structures
v. Conduit shape
Proposed repairs to identified defects must be agreed with council prior to
being undertaken.
CCTV inspections must be undertaken by a person NATA accredited under
the Sydney Water Field Testing Services Program for CCTV inspections.

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5. MISCELLANEOUS REQUIREMENTS
5.1 Scope
This section of the engineering guidelines provides miscellaneous engineering
requirements not covered in the previous sections.
5.2 Aim
To provide the Applicant with an understanding of other Council engineering
requirements that may be required in the development of land.
5.3 Kerbs, Laybacks and Kerb Ramps
Kerb and gutter shall be constructed along all new roads and existing roads to
which the development has frontage and access.
Kerb type (i.e. 150mm barrier or roll type) is dependant on road classification,
and shall be in accordance with that shown in table 3.3. Note Only barrier kerb
is permitted adjacent to public or drainage reserves.
Where an Access Street connects into the head of a cul-de-sac, the height of
the cul-de-sac kerb may be reduced by 50mm to facilitate vehicular movement
into the Access Street.
Laybacks in 150mm barrier kerb should generally be provided to the low side
of each allotment, 1m from the side boundary prolongation. Provision must be
made for disposal of stormwater from each high-side lot into the kerb. For
details see Standard Drawing A(BS)101M.
Kerb ramps shall be provided at all intersections, whether path paving will be
constructed to that intersection or not. The position and layout of the kerb
ramp shall conform to that shown on standard drawing A(BS)104M "Path
Paving at Intersections and Kerb Ramp Details".
5.4 Path Paving
Council requires that the footways be cleared and graded to a crossfall of 4%
and provided with concrete path paving 1.5m wide in Growth Centres and 1.2m
wide in other areas. Paving shall be minimum 75mm thick, except at crossings
and where adjacent to Roll Top Kerb, where the thickness shall be increased
to 125mm. The path paving shall be constructed in accordance with Council's
Path Paving Policy (See Appendix "C" of this Guide). Within the Growth
Centres, the pathway location, width and type shall be in accordance with the
relevant DCP for the area.
Council requires that path paving construction be delayed until building
operations have been substantially completed to minimise damage to the path.
For residential lots this requires a minimum of 75% of dwellings to be
completed. Accordingly the paths to be bonded or alternatively a cash payment
be lodged with Council. A copy of the Bond Proforma is included at Appendix
"E" of this Guide.

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5.5 Battleaxe Handles (Maximum 2 dwellings)

Where battleaxe shaped allotments are approved, the access driveway shall be
constructed in 25Mpa concrete, in accordance with Standard Drawing
A(BS)110S, prior to the release of the subdivision certificate.
5.6 Lot Filling
Council requires all areas of the site, subject to filling, to be identified on the
engineering plans, submitted for approval.
All imported fill material to be used must be tested and certified to comply
with Council's Policy for "Site Contamination".
Compaction shall be in accordance with Section 5.9 of Council’s Works
Specification Civil – Placement and Compaction of Fill.
Each residential lot, whether filled or not, shall be classified in terms of
Australian Standard for Residential Slabs and Footings (AS 2870). The lot
classification shall be prepared by a N.A.T.A. registered geotechnical
consultant.
Filled land must be graded to ensure that no water is ponded. In cases where
allotment site filling adjoins an existing lot boundary, the maximum height of
fill and any retaining structure shall not exceed 900mm unless stated otherwise
in Council's "Fill Policy". Where approval is obtained to extend fill into
adjoining properties (written consent required), satisfactory arrangements must
be made for the grading of the fill onto the land without ponding.
Revegetation must be applied immediately on completion of the site filling-
regrading works.
Council will require the imposition of a "Restriction on Use of Land" as part
of the 88B instrument, identifying filled lots within the subdivision. Refer to
Appendix F for standard wording.
The minimum lot grading shall be 1% and 100mm of topsoil must be placed
over all filled land.
The minimum height of filling is determined by flood levels and reference
should be made to Council for details. Unless stated otherwise in Council's
Development Control Plan, the minimum fill levels shall be:
Residential land: - 500mm above 1 in 100 yr. A.R.I. Flood Level
Where it is considered, from the grade and lie of the subject land, or adjoining
lands, that roof and/or natural surface runoff will create significant future inter-
allotment drainage problems, provision shall be made for piping, kerbing or
land contouring to convey such water to the nearest practical drainage system.

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5.7 Underground Utilities and Services

Adequate provision shall be made within the development/subdivision for the
installation of Water Supply, Sewerage, Electricity, Telephone and Gas Services in
conjunction with the relevant authorities.
Council requires all electrical and telecommunications cabling to be located
underground for all new subdivisions and developments including the removal and
relocation of existing infrastructure fronting the site. It is the Applicant’s
responsibility to ascertain the requirements of the relevant utility authority, and shall
bear the cost associated with the provisioning of utilities including all fees and
charges.
Any future substation or other utility installation required to service the approved
subdivision/development shall not under any circumstances be sited on an existing
or future public road, land to be dedicated to, or acquired by council for public use.
Shared trenches for the provision of Electricity, Telephone and Gas cables are to be
provided where possible.
5.8 Conduits/Ducts
Council requires the applicant to ascertain the requirements of all servicing
authorities.
Conduits for services shall be provided across the road from the backs of kerb, in
accordance with the requirements of the relevant Service Authorities and shall
be shown on the engineering plans and marked on the face of kerb as follows:
W- water conduit, painted blue
E - electricity conduit, painted orange
T - telecommunication conduit, painted white
G - gas conduit, painted yellow
The minimum conduit requirements are as detailed in Section 1.11 of Council's
Works Specification - Civil. All trenches containing conduits must be drained to
the satisfaction of the relevant service authorities.
5.9 Safety Notation
The applicant's attention is drawn to the responsibilities imposed under the Work
Health & Safety Act 2011.
For submission of engineering plans the applicant is required to make a full
assessment of all safety aspects of the project and make appropriate notations on
the plans to ensure the safety of the public and construction workers at all times.
5.10 Temporary Roads
Under exceptional circumstances, Council may permit the creation and construction
of temporary roads. Where approved, the temporary road must have a minimum
reserve width of 11m, a minimum pavement width of 7m which is to be fully
constructed in accordance with pavement designs prepared by a Chartered
Professional Engineer based on an assessment by a N.A.T.A. laboratory in
compliance with Council's design criteria.

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Proposed temporary roads will require consideration of traffic management details

such as:
* extent of works,
* extent of works,
* lighting,
* street furniture,
* line marking, and
* arrangement for removal.
5.11 Street Furniture
Reflectorised aluminium street signs and approved conduit warning signs must be
provided at all street junctions. The position of these signs must be shown on the
engineering plans and where appropriate "No Through Roads" shall be placed at
the entrance to cul-de-sac roads as shown on A(BS)113M.
Under certain circumstances, the approval for traffic devices may need referral to
the Traffic Committee and Applicants should allow sufficient time for this
procedure.
5.12 Debris Disposal
Burning off by open fire is prohibited by the provisions of the Protection of the
Environment Operations Act 1997, as amended. Disposal of all debris shall be
to an appropriate registered facility in accordance with the Waste Management
Plan prepared for the site. Records of disposal dockets are to be made available to
Council upon request.
5.13 Insurance
(a) Public Liability Insurance: The Applicant must ensure that Contractors,
engaged on Development or Subdivisional Works, have taken out Public
Liability Insurance which must include the interests of Council to at least
the value of $20 million dollars. Details of Insurance must be submitted to
Council before work commences.
(b) Workers Compensation: The Applicant must ensure that Contractors
engaged on Development or Subdivisional Works carry current Workers
Compensation Insurance on all works as required by Statute.
5.14 Traffic Control for Works in Public Roads
Description
A "Traffic Control Plan" must be prepared by a suitably qualified RMS
accredited work site traffic designer for all works that are carried out in or
adjacent to a public road. This Plan must satisfy all the requirements of AS
1742.3 - 2002.
It is the sole responsibility of the Applicant to have in place and maintain
traffic facilities, i.e. barricades, signs, lights, etc. at all times,
in accordance with the Plan.

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Blacktown City Council Engineering Guide for Development - 2005

These traffic facilities must be installed and maintained by appropriately

qualified RMS accredited work site traffic controllers.
All and any responsibility will rest with the Applicant who shall absolve
Council and its Employees from any suit of law which may result from
the failure of the Applicant to comply with the above requirements.
If it comes to the attention of Council that Traffic Control Devices are
insufficient, inoperative or ineffective (particularly in an after-hours
situation), then Council may arrange to reinstate the Traffic Control
Devices and recoup the costs from the Applicant.
Any changes to the approved Traffic Control Plan must be approved by
Council before implementation.
Persons undertaking the control of Traffic through or around work sites on
Council controlled roads must display their RMS Traffic Controllers
accreditation as well as Councils authorisation permitting them to undertake
the duties of a traffic controller. Application must be made to Councils
Civil and Open section for the required Council authorisation before
commencing traffic control duties.
Road Occupancy Licence
The applicant shall ensure that a Traffic Control Plan is submitted to
Council for approval at least 10 working days before any works are
undertaken on any existing public assets owned, maintained or controlled
by Council. No works shall be commenced until such Traffic Control Plan
has been approved by a Council officer authorised to approve such plans for
implementation. In addition no work shall commence on any Council assets
until such time as the appropriate occupancy permission has been obtained
and the appropriate fees and charges pertinent to such occupancy paid.
Where work on a Council road is within 100m of a set of traffic signals the
applicant must ensure that the Traffic Control Plan and if relevant, a Traffic
Management Plan, are submitted to, and approved by, the RMS before
work commences.
5.15 Soil and Water Management
General
Under the Protection of the Environment Operations Act (1997) it is an
offence to pollute any waters or to place any material in a position where it
is likely to pollute any waters. Under the terms of this Act, disturbing
land by earthworks and not providing adequate mitigation controls may
constitute an offence.
In addition to the legislative controls of this Act, disturbance of land by
earthworks and the subsequent erosion and transport of sediment by the
action of stormwater runoff, places large amounts of sediment into drainage
systems. This sediment must then be cleaned out, which places financial
burdens on Council and other developers. Therefore, Council requires

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specific soil and water management plans for each development site.
These plans will outline staging of works, sediment and erosion control
measures, rehabilitation strategies and other processes/works to be
implemented to address the above concerns.
Designs/Plans
Preparation of Soil and Water Management Plans shall be in accordance
with Council's Works Specification - Civil (Section 3), this Guide and
relevant requirements and recommendations of the NSW Department of
Environment and Conservation (DEC). For works and control measures not
covered by Council's Guide or Works Specification - Civil, the Applicant
may follow the DEC’s "Managing Urban Stormwater - Urban Design"
guidelines, or Landcom's "Managing Urban Stormwater - Soil Sand
Construction - Volume 1" 4th Edition (2004).
Disturbance of Sites
Sites must only be disturbed where it is essential for the installation of
infrastructure.
All disturbed areas shall have ground cover re-established by topsoil
placement and sowing with an approved grass seed mix, as soon as
practical upon completion of the road works.
All steps must be taken to prevent, as far as possible, the creation of a dust
nuisance. The Applicant must provide appropriate water carts, with spray
apparatus, to keep the soil moist at all times during construction.
Implementation of Soil and Water Management Plan
Measures outlined in the Soil and Water Management Plan must be
implemented prior to, and maintained during and after the construction
works, in accordance with the requirements of Section 3, Council's Works
Specification - Civil.
5.16 Landscaping of Roundabouts and Median Strips
Description
The need for appropriate landscaping of civil infrastructure works on large
collector roads should be considered to enhance the appearance of public areas and
thoroughfares. The Applicant shall submit details of any proposed landscaping of
roundabouts and median strips for the consideration to Council with the
Development Application.
Design Requirements
(i) In proposing the landscaping of civil works the following issues need to
be considered:
* The potential damage to pavement from water and root
system infiltration,

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Blacktown City Council Engineering Guide for Development - 2005

* Ensure the line of sight is maintained for vehicular and

pedestrian movements,
* Ensure that tree and shrub species selection is suitable for
the particular site in terms of growth height, width and
vigour,
* The potential cost of maintenance of landscaping,
* Accessibility of landscaping for maintenance purposes,
* The adequate provision of services for landscaped areas
including irrigation and drainage.
(ii) Each site should be considered on its merits in terms of appropriateness for
landscaping including the following:
* Sight distances,
* Turning paths of various sized vehicles,
* Pedestrian movements,
* Provision and location of services,
* Cost of installation and maintenance of the landscaping,
* Safety of maintenance crews during works.
(iii) For roundabouts, central road islands and median strips, landscaping plans
shall satisfy the following requirements:
* Sight distances are to be maintained in accordance with the
requirements of "Austroads - Guide to Traffic Management
- Part 6 –Intersections, Interchanges and Crossings",
* Drainage lines are to be appropriately located to prevent
water infiltration into the surrounding road patterns,
* A water supply should be provided to the landscaped areas
for irrigation purposes wherever possible,
* Landscape plans for proposed works are to be prepared
providing for location of trees, species type and pot size
and planting details,
* The landscaped areas are to be regularly maintained for
appearance and health of the plantings,
* Plant species selection should be based on maintenance
requirements, height and bulk of species, attractiveness of
species and suitability of species within local streetscape
and surrounding areas,
* On non-mountable roundabouts the minimum width of pavement
installed inside the central island of roundabouts and surrounding
the landscaped area should be a minimum of 1000mm where
possible for safety during maintenance and for traffic signage,
* The minimum diameter for landscape area within a roundabout
should be 3000mm in diameter,

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* The minimum width of a landscape area for tree planting within

median strips (i.e. clearance between back of kerbs) should be
2500mm,
* Plant species selected for roundabouts, road islands and median
strips should be of low maintenance, compact in growth and
provide various contrasts of foliage colour,
* Tree species selected should have slender trunks, be moderate
growers with medium to high foliage crown growth to prevent
interference with buses and trucks.
5.17 Bridges and Culverts
The design of bridges and culverts shall be in accordance with AUSTROADS
- Bridge Design Code and the structurally certified design shall be submitted to
Council. Council will also require the submission of structural certification of the
constructed works. Structural certification shall be submitted by a Registered
Engineer - Structural.
5.18 Safety Barriers for Roads and Bridges
Safety barriers for roads and bridges shall be provided in accordance with Part 6 of
the Austroads – “Guide to Road Design (2020)” and any appropriate RMS
design supplements.
5.19 Fencing and access points adjacent to Public Reserves, Drainage Reserves
and Channels
Barrier or fencing is to be provided in accordance with Council's requirements
along the boundary of the road reserve adjacent to all public reserves, drainage
reserves and channels. Vehicle access points to these reserves are to be gated in
accordance with Council plan A(BS)152M. Please contact Council's Development
Services Section for details of the type and colour of the fencing materials to be
used. Any non-approved materials or colours will not be accepted by Council and
may have to be replaced with approved materials or colours prior to hand over.
5.20 Road Names
All developments which propose to create new roads, irrespective of whether the road
is to be a public road under Councils control or a private road under the control of a
community association, must have the proposed name(s) approved by Council prior
to the submission of the linen to council creating the new road. In the case of private
roads (including community association roads) the road type suffix used shall be
"Glade" (i.e. Mayfield Glade). This is so that the road can be easily identified as a
road not under Councils Care and Control.

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5.21 Laneways General

The construction of laneways associated with the development such as rear loaded
lots and the like shall include the creation/provision of temporary roads, drainage,
concrete path paving and any other ancillary work necessary to facilitate the
effective operation of the laneway.
The configuration of laneways should be in accordance the relevant provisions of
the Growth Centres DCP. In particular laneways should provide for through traffic
movements without the need for turning.
In exceptional circumstances dead end laneways may be considered only if a
dedicated turning area external to any lots is provided for a 99th percentile car
with a maximum three point turning manoeuvre.
The design and construction of laneways must be carried out in accordance with
Council’s Engineering Guide for Development.
Laneways are to be classified as a private access road under a community title
scheme or strata scheme.
Dedication of laneways as public roads will only be considered if all the following
requirements are satisfied prior to issue of any development consent. These
include but are not limited to the following;
• Written evidence from the Roads & Maritime Service Authority indicating
that an approval for a Shared Zone with a 10km/h speed limit has been
granted. Note: Compliance with the requirements of RMS current policy
on Shared Zones, including the payment of any necessary works
supervision fees will be required. A copy of such approval shall be lodged
with Council.
• Written evidence shall be obtained from the Endeavour Energy indicating
that permission for the installation of public lighting within the laneway
verge has been granted. This will require compliance with AS/NZS
1158.1.2:2010 Lighting for Roads and Public Spaces.
• The carriageway is designed as a rigid pavement. A suitably qualified
engineer (NER registered) must certify that the pavement has been
structurally designed in accordance with Austroads Guide to Pavement
Technology Part 2: Pavement Structural Design with a Design Traffic
loading determined in accordance with Austroads particularly Section 7.7
and that all Jointing and reinforcement requirements are consistent with
RMS NSW practice (i.e. RMS NSW Publication - Plain concrete pavement
MD.R83.CP, Jointed concrete pavement MD.R83.CJ and Continuously
reinforced concrete pavement MD.R83.CC).
• Prior approval must be sought from Blacktown’s Local Traffic Committee
for any signage and line marking within the laneway. This will include but
not be limited to signage along the laneway to incorporate a continuous
“no-stopping” signage scheme along the entire length of the laneway (both
sides).

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5.22 Laneways within Growth Centres

The configuration of laneways must be in accordance the relevant provisions of
the Growth Centres DCP and shall only serve as light vehicle access to garages for
rear loaded dwellings up to a maximum of 30 dwellings.
The laneways shall include the provision of all necessary drainage, pavement,
landscaping and any other ancillary works necessary to facilitate the effective
operation of the laneway.
Laneways shall be designed for through traffic movements connecting to and from
a local road without the need for turning. Council will support laneways from
higher order roads. Laneways should only serve the properties abutting the
laneway and not form an alternate road network.
In exceptional circumstances dead-end laneways may be considered only if a
dedicated turning area external to any lots is provided for an AS2890 99th
percentile vehicle with a maximum three point turning manoeuvre.
The carriageway is to be designed as a rigid pavement in accordance with
Austroads Guide to Pavement Technology Part 2: Pavement Structural Design.
The minimum Design Traffic loading determined in accordance with Austroads
particularly Section 7.7shall be based on an ESA of 5x104.
All Jointing and reinforcement requirements are consistent with RMS NSW
practice (i.e. RMS NSW Publication - Plain concrete pavement MD.R83.CP,
Jointed concrete pavement MD.R83.CJ and Continuously reinforced concrete
pavement MD.R83.CC).
Laneways shall be connected to local roads by a concrete vehicular crossing. A
minimum 2m splay shall be provided at the entry points and any internal corners.
Laneways are to be classified as a community lot or common area under
community title or strata scheme respectively. Council does not support laneways
established as right of carriageway or easement for access.
Council will not accept the dedication of laneways as public roads.

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Blacktown City Council Engineering Guide for Development - 2005

PPENDIX
Blacktown City Council Engineering Development Guide – 2005

BLACKTOWN CITY COUNCIL ENGINEERING PLAN

CHECKLIST
DATE
FILE Nos.
CHECKED BY
GENERAL
- Two sets of plans initially (3 for approval). ☐
- A3 size sheets. ☐
- Bar scales (if required). ☐
- Adjoining owners consent for works within their ☐
- property Site inspection of existing conditions (creeks,
trees, buildings etc.). ☐
- Plans comply with approved lot layout, consent and
road length and width. ☐
- Have Fees been paid. ☐

COVER SHEET
- Locality Plan. ☐
- Index of drawings sheets. ☐
- Legend. ☐

General Notes to be placed on Cover Sheet

- All work to BCC specification. ☐
- Utility adjustments at developer’s expense. ☐
- Conduits to be placed where required by the relevant
authorities. ☐
- Note to preserve trees.
- Benchmark, SSM’s Permanent Marks (AHD). ☐
- Agricultural lines placed as directed. ☐
- A minimum of 3m of subsoil line shall be laid
into upstream side of Council pits. ☐
- Pits to have step irons if deeper than 0.9m.
- 100 year flow paths to be formed at time of construction. ☐
- Structural certification required for construction of major
and non-standard structures. ☐
- Driveways/Laybacks to have minimum 1.0m clearance
from power and light poles and stormwater drains, and
6m clearance from kerb return T.P.'s. ☐
- Vehicular crossings are to be 4m wide at kerb and gutter. ☐

PLAN
- Benchmarks and datum shown. ☐
- Reduction ratio, bar scales, north point. ☐
- Lot boundaries and numbers. ☐

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- Trees and other features such as dams, buildings, etc.

affected by development are clearly indicated and annotated ☐
- Features significant to heritage considerations within
development boundaries are clearly indicated and annotated ☐
- Existing public and private property likely to be affected
by this application are clearly indicated and annotated. ☐

Road Detail
- kerb radii 8.5m residential, 12.0m industrial. ☐
- cul-de-sac radii 9.0m residential, 13.5m industrial. ☐
- chainages. ☐
- tangent points. ☐
- bearings. ☐
- curve radii (bus routes min 76m). ☐
- dimensions (check for conformity with hierarchy). ☐
- half road construction min. width 4.5m. ☐
- vehicular crossing if required (lm from low side
boundary). ☐
- check that vehicular crossings do not clash with drainage
pit. ☐
- ramps required at pathways and all kerb returns (no lip). ☐
- lots to be contoured (existing and proposed). ☐
- roads intersect at right angles. ☐
- check for sight distance across intersection. ☐
- splay corners 5x5 (residential); 8 x 8 (industrial). ☐
- path paving shown conforms with Council Path Paving
Policy. ☐
- pathways, width / location. ☐
- extent of construction. ☐
- pavement splays shown at end of works.
- street sign location. No through road signs as required. ☐
- concrete pathways, extend to kerb. ☐
- bus bay provided at school site. ☐
- classification and name of road. ☐
- guide posts - white, reflectorised. ☐
- pipe baulkheads in pathways. ☐
- smooth junction with all existing work. ☐
- Only barrier kerb permitted adjacent to public or drainage
reserves. ☐

Horizontal road alignment

- alignment compatible with design speed. ☐
- road widths and lanes meet council’s requirements and
design traffic requirements. ☐
- alignment of bridges suits road alignment. ☐
- pedestrian, bicycle and parking requirements are met. ☐

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- provision has been made for large vehicles such as

buses, garbage trucks and emergency vehicles. ☐
Vertical road alignment
- grades meet maximum and minimum requirements. ☐
- vertical alignment is compatible with property access. ☐
- the gradient on an intersecting road is not significantly
greater than the cross slope of the through pavement and
no greater than 3% at give way signs. ☐
- sight distance is acceptable for all accesses to
roundabouts. ☐
- The pavement design complies with Council’s pavement
design specification. ☐
- Restriction as to Users & Positive Covenants to be
shown (fill, floor level control etc). ☐
- Flood warning signs adjacent to floodways, basins –
refer to Std Drawing A (BS) 114S. ☐
- All existing features such as dams, fences, trees. ☐
- Kerb type e.g. STD 150 mm kerb, roll kerb if carriageway
is 9m or less. ☐
- Kerb return details No, radii, tangent points. ☐
- Lead-in and tail-out drain details. ☐
- Regraded areas. ☐
- Road category. ☐
- Half road construction – 4.5m. ☐
- Ag Line at ends of roads if in cut. ☐
- Pit numbers. ☐
Linemarking and Signposting
- Permanent Signs are shown on the drawings and in
accordance with AS 1743. ☐
- Permanent Pavement linemarking and pavement
marking is indicated on the drawings to meet the
requirements of AS 1742.2. ☐
- Show All Existing and Proposed Give Way and Stop
signs, etc. ☐
Stormwater detail
- pipe size, class and type. ☐
- No curved pipelines unless pipe diameter >1200mm. ☐
- easement widths shown. ☐
- provide easements through public reserves. ☐
- ensure pit location does not clash with driveways. ☐
- 1m high handrail around pits in public reserve. ☐
- headwalls to main channels. ☐
- stubs to be provided to medium density and industrial
lots. ☐
- pits in road pavements to have HD cast iron covers
(Avoid pit in road pavement where possible). ☐
- all channels, open drains etc. note to turf. ☐
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Blacktown City Council Engineering Development Guide – 2005

- all flow paths should be in pathways or public reserves. ☐

- note for reverse cross fall of footpath adjacent to the flow
path. ☐
- reduction ratios and bar scales. ☐
LONGITUDINAL SECTIONS
- Minimum grade 1 % (desirable). ☐
- Maximum grades (check guide).
- Signs of grades shown. ☐
- Check levels. ☐
- Vertical Curves. ☐
* minimum length. ☐
* riding comfort / sight distance. ☐
* intersection point details. ☐
* check low point is adjacent to flow path. ☐
- Check crest details. ☐
- Kerb tangent points. ☐
- Ensure 3% cross fall on major roads at intersections. ☐
- Match smoothly to existing work. ☐
- Reduction ratios and bar scale. ☐
CROSS SECTIONS
- Typical cross section for each road showing pavement ☐
width, 0.5m berms, batters, pavement details, pavement
extends 300mm behind kerb. ☐
- Check cross fall particularly at intersections and cul-de-
sac heads. ☐
- Check levels. ☐
- Check levels for ponding at boundary. ☐
- Check access to lots where cut/fill proposed. ☐
- Check batter slopes (1:5 minimum in public reserves). ☐
- Check flow onto pavement where half-road construction. ☐
- Reduction ratio and bar scales. ☐
- Sufficient cross sections are shown to define all
variations and width transitions. ☐
- Cross sections are of sufficient width to fully assess
impact of road level on adjoining property. ☐
- Cross sections required for fill areas i.e. dams,
depressions. ☐
- Concrete footpath cross fall 2.5%. ☐
- Path paving 900mm off property boundary. ☐
PATHWAYS
- If used as flow path for 100 year flow, check capacity. ☐
- Location of pathway adjacent to low point. ☐
- Maximum 2% reverse cross fall on footpath if pathway
used for flow path. ☐
- Formation at time of subdivision. ☐
- Longitudinal section and cross sections at regular
intervals are required. ☐

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Blacktown City Council Engineering Development Guide – 2005

- Pipe baulkheads. ☐
- Continued to kerb or pedestrian path paving. ☐
- Restrictions on adjacent lots to ensure finished floor
levels 500mm above 100 year ARI level. ☐
INTERSECTION/CUL-DE-SAC DETAIL AND KERB PROFILES
- Plan drawn to scale 1:250 or 1:200 or 1:100. ☐
- Profiles drawn at 10 to 1 exaggeration. ☐
- Plan to be contoured. ☐
- Tangent points and radii shown. ☐
- Kerb returns to be numbered or lettered. ☐
- Top of kerb levels shown at 1/4 points and V.C. ☐
- Returns to grade out except sag points (i.e. no trapped
low points. ☐
- Sag point to be at least 1m beyond kerb TP. ☐
- Check for length of kerb less than 0.3% (should be less
than 5m). ☐
- Check splay corner details. ☐
- Check cross fall centreline to lip. ☐
- Check riding comfort around return. ☐
- Reduction ratios and bar scales.
ROUNDABOUT DESIGN (to Austroad Standards)
- Check size conforms with Austroads standards. ☐
- Check for adequate deflection through RAB. ☐
- Check vehicular turning circles (dependant on location). ☐
- Ensure compliance with Council requirements. ☐
* SBS Modified AC14 to kerb return TP’s (75mm thick). ☐
* centre island and annulus to be reinforced concrete. ☐
* painting (reflectorised) and stenciled concrete as
required. ☐
* lighting to Integral Energy satisfaction. ☐
* note re: provision of water tap in central island. ☐
* agricultural lines within central island. ☐
* reduction ratios and bar scale.
BRIDGE DESIGN
- The design has been performed by a competent
practising Civil or Structural Engineer. ☐
- Geotechnical data has been adequate and is held on
the design file. ☐
- The type and functional dimensions of the bridges meet
the current requirements of Austroads Bridge Design
Code, AS 3600, AS 1684, AS 1170, AS 4100. ☐
- The type and class of all materials are indicated on the
drawings. ☐
- Records of all significant design calculations are
available for audit. ☐
- The design complies with any Conditions of
Development consent. ☐

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Blacktown City Council Engineering Development Guide – 2005

- The design complies with any conditions set by DIPNR

and NSW Fisheries. ☐
STORMWATER PLAN
- Catchment plan (1:2000 desirable) include upstream
catchment. ☐
- Check 100 year flow. ☐
- Catch drains required to protect lots and roads. ☐
- Avoid long, deep tail-out drains. Piping may be required. ☐
- Natural depressions through public reserves to be
piped. ☐
- Ensure development is above flood levels issued in consent. ☐
- Check for concentration of water onto adjoining
properties. ☐
- Low flow pipes - generally 600mm diameter. ☐
- Drainage structure schedule. ☐
- Structural details of special pits. ☐
* provided. ☐
* certified. ☐
- Easement required where pipes traverse Council land. ☐
- Drainage is provided for local depressions e.g. median
areas or areas adjacent to fill. ☐
- Subsurface drainage has been provided when required. ☐
- Overland flow paths are shown. ☐
- Lead in and tailout drain details provided. ☐
- The need for batter drains has been considered for
areas of fill. ☐
- Drainage structures and flow paths are located so as to
ensure safe vehicular and pedestrian transit. ☐
- Appropriate land stabilisation and velocity controls have
been implemented to pipe systems, open channels and
embankments. ☐
- All Overland flow paths and channels to be turfed. ☐
- Handrails provided to headwalls >1m high and around
surface inlet pits in public property. ☐
- WSUD elements are detailed with supporting
documentation. ☐
- Water quality treatment has been incorporated where required. ☐
STORMWATER CALCULATIONS
- Q5 residential, except when catchment >6Ha, then use
Q10. Q20 industrial and commercial. ☐
- Sub-catchment areas. ☐
- Co-efficient of runoff. ☐
- Discharge. ☐
- By pass < 15% of flow, otherwise another pit required
(desirable no bypass). ☐
- Velocity x depth <0.4 m/s. ☐

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Blacktown City Council Engineering Development Guide – 2005

- Maximum flow from site to gutter is 55 l/s. ☐

- Lintel size generally 1.8m (2.4m and centrally placed in
sags). ☐
- Maximum pit spacing 80 metres. ☐
- Maximum width of flow in gutter is 2m. ☐
- Check ponding depth at sag pits. ☐
- Pit required at KTP where > 20 l/s or 1m width. ☐
- Hydraulic grade line. ☐
- Velocities (0.6 m/s to 6.0 m/s). ☐
- K factor adopted (or ‘n’ value). ☐
- Head losses. ☐
- No trapped low points allowed. ☐
- Check Overland Flow paths Major Flow Check. ☐
- Minimum time of concentration 6 minutes, max. 20
minutes. ☐
- Check for ponding on lots. ☐
- No pits on kerb returns. ☐

DRAINAGE LONGITUDINAL SECTION

- Ensure service locations are shown accurately. ☐
- Single pipe size and class between pits. ☐
- Information to be shown. ☐
* road and pipe chainages. ☐
* design surface level. ☐
* design invert level. ☐
* pipe size, class, type (minimum 375 dia, and RRJ in
roads). ☐
* pipe grade 1% preferable min., 0.5% absolute min. ☐
* pipe grade >15% anchor block at 4m intervals
required. ☐
* water surface levels. ☐
* hydraulic grade line. ☐
* intersecting pipeline details. ☐
* pit type. ☐
* pit levels. ☐
* pit number. ☐
- Check cover (care to be taken at under V.C.’s). ☐
- Hydraulic grade line correct. ☐
- Correct depth for upstream connection. ☐
- Reduction ratios and bar scales. ☐
- RRJ Pipelines in filled areas and road reserves. ☐

OUTLET CONDITIONS
- Extent of tail-out (depth will determine pipe length). ☐
- 100 yr ARI and PMF flood extents. ☐
- Erosion control/turfing. ☐
- Energy dissipaters. ☐
- Capacity of channels/existing pipeline. ☐
- Headwall detail. ☐
- In pathways extend pipe 3m beyond boundary (access). ☐
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Blacktown City Council Engineering Development Guide – 2005

- Existing pipeline, check capacity. ☐

- Channel, check capacity, dimensions, erosion
protection. ☐
- Connection to Trunk drainage. ☐
- Detention basin. ☐
* calculations submitted? ☐
* compaction of embankments. ☐
* turfing of embankments. ☐
* effect on adjoining properties (TWL). ☐
* capacity of downstream system not exceeded. ☐
* storage required. ☐
* outlet details. ☐
* spillway discharge. ☐
* slope of embankments. ☐
* safety fencing. ☐
* signs required. ☐
* engineer’s certificate. ☐
* performance report with hydrographs. ☐

INTER-ALLOTMENT DRAINAGE
- Longitudinal sections provided. ☐
- Easements shown on plan. ☐
- Pipe size shown. ☐
- Minimum 150mm diameter. ☐
- Adequate pipe size. ☐
- Pipe cover (Min. 300). ☐
- Grade (Min. 1%, absolute 0.5%). ☐
- Type of pipe (RCP V.C.P. PVC etc). ☐
- Stubs to be provided for industrial, commercial and
medium density lots. ☐
- Connections to stormwater drainage (angle satisfactory). ☐
- Pits at bends and inside property boundary. ☐
- Pipes across Council footways to be RCP or RHS only. ☐
- Hydraulic check required for > 5 lots. ☐

EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL

- Measures outlined in the ESCP must be implemented prior
to and maintained during and after the construction works. ☐
Notes
* all disturbed areas and stockpiles to be stabilised
within 14 days. ☐
* topsoil to be stripped, stockpiled and re-spread on
completion of earthworks. None to be removed. ☐
* no disturbance of site permitted other than immediate
area of the works. ☐
* Note re inspection of trees by Council prior to
construction works commencing. ☐
* Turfing/grassing of disturbed areas. ☐
* 300mm wide strip of turf behind kerb. ☐

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Blacktown City Council Engineering Development Guide – 2005

* no trees to be removed without Council consent. ☐

* turfing around all surface inlet pits (1 Medium wide). ☐
* location of soil stockpiles. ☐
* location of silt fencing. ☐
- Sediment pond, need for? size, location, protection,
calculations. ☐
- Soil stockpiles. ☐
- Silt fences. ☐
- Plan submitted in accordance with Landcom's “Blue
Book”. ☐

TRAFFIC MATTERS
- Do plans need to be referred to Traffic Committee for
line marking, sign posting, street lighting? ☐
- If yes, 3 copies of plan required showing line marking,
signposting and lighting and report. ☐
- Check street sign location is to Council requirements. ☐
- Traffic controls comply with AS 1742.3-2002. ☐
- Certified by RTA accredited work site traffic. ☐
- Have pedestrians been catered for. ☐
- Has "after hours" traffic control through the worksite
been addressed? ☐

GEOTECHNICAL
- Notes to be shown on plans where filling is proposed. ☐
* all sediment control measures to be installed prior to
commencement of works. ☐
* fill compaction as Spec. ☐
* all testing controlled and certified by NATA registered
lab. ☐
* strip and stockpile topsoil prior to filling; respread on
completion of earthworks. ☐
* residential lots to be individually classified. ☐

ADJOINING PROPERTIES (Existing vs Proposed)

- Alignment, width of road. ☐
- Longitudinal sections/grading. ☐
- Pipe size/grading. ☐
- Path paving size and location. ☐

COMMENTS

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Blacktown City Council Engineering Guide for Development - 2005

PPENDIX
ON-SITE DETENTION
GENERAL GUIDELINES &
CHECKLIST
Blacktown City Council Engineering Guide for Development - 2005

A. DESIGN OF ON-SITE STORMWATER DETENTION FOR URBAN DEVELOPMENTS

A.1 INTRODUCTION
The Local Government Area of Blacktown City drains to two main catchments, these being
the Upper Parramatta River Catchment and the Hawkesbury River Catchment. The on-site
stormwater detention (OSD) requirements are the same for each catchment including
temporary detention in the Growth Centres.
A.2 WHEN IS ON-SITE STORMWATER DENTENTION REQUIRED?
In the older areas of Blacktown on-site stormwater detention (OSD) is required as detailed in
Part J of Blacktown DCP 2015 and the map attached to this Appendix. For the Growth
Centres, and Employment lands permanent OSD may or may not be required dependent upon
the relevant controls however in areas with regional detention basins temporary OSD may
still be required until such time as all the requirements of 4.13.2 have been.
A.3 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
a) Design plans and calculations will only be accepted from persons having acceptable
professional accreditation. The following are considered to be acceptable accreditation for the
purpose of OSD design and certification:
• NER in Civil Engineering ( Engineers, Australia),
• Surveyors certificate of Accreditation in Onsite Detention and Drainage Design
(Institution of Surveyors NSW and Association of Consulting Surveyors NSW),
• Stormwater Register (Association of Hydraulic Services Consultants, Australia),
• Accreditation as a certifier under the Environmental Planning and Assessment Act, 1979
in the relevant discipline, or
• Other designers may be acceptable provided that they can satisfy Council that they have
the relevant experience and competence in OSD design.
b) On site stormwater detention should, generally be incorporated into the lowest point of the
proposed development, and can possibly be a car park or an open space area or even roof top
areas where no underground storage is possible.
c) The following OSD parameters and conditions apply:
i. As much as possible of the site area is to drain through the OSD system(s) with an
absolute minimum of 85%.
ii. All systems shall use a minimum of two orifice plates to control flows. The 1.5 year
orifice shall be designed to convey a maximum of 40 l/s. the 100 year orifice shall be
designed to convey a maximum of 190 l/s. the minimum volume up to the 1.5 year weir
level = 300m³/ha. The minimum volume up to the 100 year weir level = 455 m³/ha. For
more detailed information see Council’s WSUD Standard Drawing A(BS) 175M.

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Blacktown City Council Engineering Guide for Development - 2005

iii. Pre to post development modeling within the growth centres using DRAINS or RAFTS
will not generally be accepted and the Council’s OSD spreadsheet used instead based on
the discharges/volumes above. Such electronic models can only be used where pre-
approved by Council and only in exceptional circumstances. Where such modeling is
agreed to then for pre-development allow for 15mm depression storage and large travel
times (typically 14 min) in DRAINS, or a 15mm initial loss and a single catchment with
high Mannings n (>0.06) for RAFTS. For post development use Council’s standard
parameters.
iv. Maximum ponding depths shall be as follows:
Pedestrian Areas 50 mm
Driveways and Parking 200 mm
Gardens 600 mm
In all cases, safety issues shall be addressed with provision of warning signs (including
Confined Space Entry signs), and if necessary, safety fencing.
v. Provision shall be made for flows greater than the 100 year ARI flow through the structure
via an overflow spillway and/or overland flow path (see also Section 2.14 -
Pathways, of this Guide).
vi. Freeboard for any building adjacent to the detention structure shall be in accordance with
Section 1.5 of appendix D of this Manual. The depth of spillway overflow shall be based
on the assumption that at commencement of the design storm, the detention outlet is fully
blocked.
vii. Structural components of on-site detention systems within the Hawkesbury River
Catchment shall be designed in accordance with the guidelines provided in the UPRCT
handbook.
viii. The drainage concept plan (to be submitted by the Applicant with the Development
Application) shall identify undrained areas and include a hardcopy printout of the OSD
Spreadsheet or S3QM certificate together with an electronic version of the spreadsheet OR
the on-line S3QM certificate submitted directly to Council detailing design parameters
such as pit levels, orifice levels/diameters, weir levels/flow rates, etc.

B. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
All existing services which need to be relocated (if any) to facilitate the construction of OSD
storage areas, pits or drainage pipelines, shall be relocated at full cost to the developer.
(This should be a note on the plan).

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Blacktown City Council Engineering Guide for Development - 2005

C. PITS – GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

1) Provide step irons for all pits deeper than 900mm. The step irons shall be staggered to give a
300mm spacing vertically and 220mm spacing horizontally (see Council plan A(BS)111S). The
type of step irons used must satisfy Council’s requirements for durability and strength.
2) Provide a pit at the road boundary where drainage lines enter public roads and footways.
These pits may be either “precast” or cast "in-situ" concrete pits. PVC or similar “precast” pits
are not acceptable.
3) Pits shall be designed so that the discharge from inlet pipes is directed towards the outlet pipe.
4) All inlet & outlet pipes shall be cut flush with the pit wall, and the pit floor is to be benched
from the invert of the inlet pipe to the invert of the outlet pipe. - No sump in the pit is allowed.
5) All pit grates are to have the same clear opening as the internal plan dimension of the pit (for
pits up to 1200 square).
6) All pits associated with the drainage system, (except for the detention tank), shall have minimum
internal opening dimensions of 600mm x 600mm for pits up to 600mm deep, 600 x 900 for pits
up to 900mm deep, and 900mm x 900mm for deeper pits.
7) All access points to the detention tanks shall be a minimum of 900mm x 900mm and grated,
except for the access to the discharge control pits with screens deeper than 1200mm which shall
be 1200mm x 1200mm.
8) The maximum weight of each individual hinged grate shall be 20 kilograms.
9) All grates are to be hinged and provided with an appropriate childproof lockdown system.
Hinged grates are to be placed away from any wall or kerb, to ensure that the grates can be fully
opened for safety reasons.
10) Where precast pits are proposed, the pit shall be placed on a 75mm thick concrete base and
backfilled with concrete to half way up the outside of the unit. PVC type pits are not acceptable.
High Early Discharge Pit (H.E.D) Requirements deleted

D. STORAGE
1) The invert of the below ground storage tank shall be graded at a minimum of 2% toward the
outlet. Above ground systems shall be graded at a minimum of 1% toward the outlet.
2) At least the 1 in 1.5 ARI year storm shall be underground or in low nuisance areas such as
passive landscaped or paved entertainment area. All storage within the rear yard or private
courtyard for residential development shall be 100% below ground.

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Blacktown City Council Engineering Guide for Development - 2005

Underground storage tanks shall incorporate the following features

3) A minimum internal (head) height of 1.2m should be provided. This may be reduced to 750mm
for commercial/industrial development or 500mm for residential development, but only where
all other practical alternatives have been exhausted and where it can be demonstrated that
consideration has been made to allow easy access by the owner of the system to facilitate
inspection and maintenance and having satisfied the requirements of Confined Spaces Act and
Occupational Health & Safety Act 2000.
4) Sufficient ventilation and access points (hinged grated lids) must be provided to the storage tank.
i. All grates accessing the tank shall have a minimum dimension of 900mm x 900mm. These
industrial grates are to have a maximum lifting weight of 20 kg. The grate may need to have
a double opening in order to achieve this requirement.
ii. Access grates to the below ground detention tank must be positioned such that the
maximum distance from any point in the tank to the nearest grate is not greater than 1.5m
for clear heights less than 0.7m, 2m for clear heights less than 1.0m, 3m for clear heights
less than 1.5m, 4m for clear heights less than 2.0m and 6m for clear heights greater than
2.0m. This is to facilitate access and maintenance of the storage tank.
iii. The base of the tank to be shaped as follows:
a) 2% cross fall to a central “V” drain, and
b) 2% longitudinally slope along the “V” drain
iv. The designer shall avoid placing access points/grates in driveways to minimize danger to
service personnel during maintenance works. Where this cannot be avoided, the grates must
be designed to withstand vehicular loads.
5) Suspended pipes through underground storage spaces shall be avoided wherever possible. Where
they are unavoidable the following requirements shall apply: -
i. Concrete pipes, in tanks, must be supported by concrete cradles with a minimum clearance
of 50mm between under side of pipe and the tank floor.
ii. PVC pipes must be secured to wall brackets or roof brackets. The resultant system shall be
rigid in all directions.
6) Vertical walls shall be finished smooth so that they cannot collect litter and debris. Walls will
generally satisfy this requirement if they are: -
i. Block walls with flush joints
ii. Concrete wall with smooth surface
7) Horizontal and near horizontal surfaces inside pits shall be finished with a wood float finish.

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Blacktown City Council Engineering Guide for Development - 2005

8) Above ground storage areas shall incorporate the following features.

a) “Walk in” and “walk out” batters with a maximum slope of 1 vertical to 5 horizontal shall
be provided for storage areas.
b) If the maximum slope for “walk in” and “walk out” cannot be achieved or if the maximum
storage depth is in excess of 600mm, a 1.2m high safety pool fence or better, must be
provided to protect the storage area.
c) Steps must be provided where the step down to storage invert exceeds 200 mm or for
“fenced” storage areas where maximum allowable slope cannot be achieved.
d) When a dwelling wall is proposed to form part of the containment wall for a storage area, or
is adjacent to the storage area, it must have an impervious waterproof type membrane to
prevent water seeping/penetrating or rising into dwelling. Care must be taken to ensure that
brick wall ventilation holes are not below TWL of storage area.

E. TRASH RACK
1) The trash rack shall be constructed of hot dipped galvanized mesh, "Lysaght Maxi mesh
Rh3030" (or an approved equivalent), for orifices of less than 150mm diameter. For orifices
greater than 150mm diameter "WELDLOK (F40/203)" type mesh (or approved equivalent) shall
be used. The cross sectional area of the screen shall not be less than 50 times the orifice cross
sectional area for the Maxi mesh or 20 times for “WELDLOK”.
The use of any equivalent must be approved by Council’s Engineer prior to installation. Any
gaps between the trash rack and the pit wall shall be no greater than 3mm. The Trash Rack
shall be easily removable to allow cleaning of the orifice plate.

F. OUTLET SYSTEM
1) The orifice plate shall consist of a stainless steel plate 3mm thick for orifice holes up to 150mm
diameter, and 5mm thick for larger orifice sizes. (See Council Plan A(BS)175M).
2) A galvanized Rolled Hollow Steel (RHS) section shall be provided between the boundary
inspection pit and a kerb and gutter discharge point.
3) Reinforced concrete pipes (rubber ring joint type) line shall be used between the boundary pit
and any Council drainage pit

G. MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE
A maintenance schedule is to be prepared in accordance with the guidelines in the WSUD
inspection and Maintenance Guidelines available on Council’s website.
https://www.blacktown.nsw.gov.au/Plan-build/Stage-2-plans-and-guidelines/Developers-
toolkit-for-water-sensitive-urban-design-WSUD/WSUD-maintenance-resources

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BLACKTOWN CITY COUNCIL ENGINEERING GUIDE FOR DEVELOPMENT – 2005

PPENDIX

OUNCILS OLICIES

ND UIDELINES

ENGINEERING GUIDE FOR DEVELOPMENT - February 2005

Path Paving Policy

March, 2009
Path Paving Policy

Table of Contents Page No.

Aim ............................................................................................................................................ 3

General ....................................................................................................................................... 3
1.1 Residential & Industrial ..................................................................................... 3
1.2 Road Hierarchy .................................................................................................. 4
1.3 Explanations....................................................................................................... 6
1.3.1 Pedestrians ............................................................................................. 6
1.3.2 Desire Line ............................................................................................. 6
1.3.3 Sub-Arterial Roads................................................................................. 6
1.3.4 Collector Roads ...................................................................................... 6
1.3.5 Local Roads ........................................................................................... 6
1.3.6 Cul-de-sacs ............................................................................................. 6
1.3.7 Access Roads ......................................................................................... 7
1.3.8 Industrial Collector Roads ..................................................................... 7
1.3.9 Industrial Access Roads ......................................................................... 7
1.3.10 Pathways ................................................................................................ 7
1.3.11 Parks ....................................................................................................... 7
1.3.12 Schools ................................................................................................... 7
1.3.13 Commercial/Retail Areas ....................................................................... 7
1.3.14 Bike Paths are ........................................................................................ 7

2. Implementation .............................................................................................................. 8
2.1 Developing Areas ............................................................................................... 8
2.1.1 Option 1 ................................................................................................. 8
2.1.2 Option 2 ................................................................................................. 8
2.2 Established Areas ............................................................................................... 9
2.2.1 Developer Construction ......................................................................... 9
2.2.2 Provision of Path Paving by Council ..................................................... 9

Blacktown City Council Page 2

Path Paving Policy

Aim
To provide a path paving network where it is needed most so that pedestrians have a safe and
effective, all weather surface on which to walk.

General
1.1 Residential & Industrial

Path Paving is generally 1.2m wide and laid 900mm off the property boundary on the
footway of public roads in new release areas. However, in established areas the Path
Paving is generally 1.1m wide and laid 900mm off the property boundary.
Council’s Path Paving Policy is outlined below:

(i) All new path paving shall be 1.2m w ide and l aid 900m m off the property
boundary.

(ii) In established areas, where the existing path paving is generally 1.1m wide, the
Manager Maintenance Services and Coordinator Engineering Approvals have
delegated authority to either maintain the status quo or apply 1.1 (i) on a case by
case basis.

(iii) For new subdivisions adjacent to established areas, where the existing path
paving has been constructed on both sides, but new path paving is required on
one side, the Director Environmental & Planning Services and Coordinator
Engineering Approvals have delegated authority to determine the transition point.

(iv) The Director Technical & Transport Services and Director Environmental &
Planning Services have delegated authority to change the width of path paving
from the standard width of 1.2m to any other width depending on the particular
situation.

Path paving shall generally be constructed of 75mm thick concrete. Its provision is
usually delayed until approximately 75 percent of the dwellings are constructed in the
street. However, in the case of integrated housing, the concrete path paving shall be
125mm thick to enable road and building works to commence concurrently. Refer to the
Table outlined below.

Blacktown City Council Page 3

Path Paving Policy

The three types of path paving allowed by Council are outlined below:

Type 1 - Grey concrete a s per the width and offset di stance off the property
boundary outlined above. Expansion joints shall be placed at intervals
not exceeding six (6) metres with dummy joints provided every one point
two (1.2) metres. The Director Technical & Transport Services, Director
Environmental & Planning Services, Manager Maintenance Services and
Coordinator Engineering Approvals have delegated authority to vary the
surface texture or finish, and colour of the concrete path paving.

Type 2 - Grey concrete with cl ay segmental p avers as per the width and offset
distance off the property boundary outlined above. Segmental pavers
shall be set in 75mm thick concrete at every third dummy joint.

Type 3 - Clay Segmental P avers used f or commercial/retail areas s hall be full

width and placed on 25mm of sand on top of 75mm thick concrete base.

However, in residential areas, the use of clay segmental pavers will be

considered by Council on a case by case basis. Council would only
consider the use of segmental p avers f or residential streets if the
development is of sufficient size with a significant road network and
provides housing for a large community. (i.e. subdivisions or estates
with a minimum of 200 residential lots and a large proportion of self
contained road network)

1.2 Road Hierarchy

The road hierarchy in the City of Blacktown is embodied in Council’s Development

Control Plan, which details the requirements for new roads created by the development
control process. The following table lists the path paving requirements for each road
category:-

Blacktown City Council Page 4

Path Paving Policy

Carriageway Width Path Paving

Road Hierarchy Width Path Paving Thickness Comments
(m) (m) (mm)

Sub Arterial 12.5 1.2* 75 Both Sides

4 Median

Residential

Collector 11 1.2* 75 Both Sides

Local 8 1.2* 125# One Side plus

Desire Line

Cul-de-sac 6.5 1.2* 125# One Side plus

Desire Line

Access 5 1.2* 125# One Side plus

Desire Line

Industrial

Collector 15.5 1.2* 75 Both Sides

Industrial Access 13.5 1.2* 75 One Side plus

Desire Line only

Other

Pathways (New Release - 4 150 Crossing Points

Areas) F82 Mesh

Pathways (Established 3 150 Crossing Points

Areas) F82 Mesh

Parks - 1.5 150 Desire Line

F82 Mesh

Schools - Full Width 125 Main Entrance,

F82 Mesh Bus Bay & Pick
Up Areas

Commercial/Retail - Full Width 165 Segmental Pavers

Plus 75mm Thick
Concrete Base and
25mm Sand
Residential 1.27 165 As above with
concrete edge strip
or header course
set directly on
concrete

Bike Path (Off Road) - 2.5 125 Desire Line

F82 Mesh

Blacktown City Council Page 5

Path Paving Policy

Notes: (i) The above Table should be read in conjunction with Section 1.3 of the
Policy document.

(ii) 1.2* It should be noted that the majority of existing path paving in
established areas are 1.1m wide.

(iii) 125# The 125mm thickness is required at vehicular crossings and

adjacent to roll top kerb.

(iv) Path paving provided by Council shall be Type 1, unless otherwise

approved by Council.

(v) This Policy is not applicable to Stanhope Gardens, as it is covered by

Blacktown Development Control Plan 1992 - Part J.

1.3 Explanations

1.3.1 Pedestrians has been used throughout this Policy, however it is recognised that users of
path paving include wheelchair users and young cyclists.

1.3.2 Desire Line is the preferred route which pedestrians would use to reach their destination,
such as a school, shops, park, place of worship, bus stop, train station, sporting facilities
and community facilities etc.

1.3.3 Sub-Arterial Roads need path paving on both sides due to higher vehicle speeds and
traffic volumes, and the need to limit road crossing points to reduce the potential for
pedestrian/vehicle contact. Sub-Arterial roads are marked on Plan No. A(BS)76R, which
shows the road hierarchy.

1.3.4 Collector Roads need path paving on both sides due to the higher traffic volumes and the
need to limit road crossing points to reduce the potential for pedestrian/vehicle contact.
Collector roads are marked on Plan No. A(BS)76R, which shows the road hierarchy, and
for new subdivision roads with 11 metres wide carriageway.

1.3.5 Local Roads generally need path paving on one side only. Local roads will sometimes be
provided with path paving on both sides of the road if desire lines are identified along
both sides of the road.

1.3.6 Cul-de-sacs generally need path paving on one side only. I n new subdivisions, path
paving shall be provided along at least one side of the Cul-de-sac. For existing Cul-de-
sacs with less than 30 dwellings, the residents must be consulted to ascertain whether or
not they require path paving, prior to construction.

Blacktown City Council Page 6

Path Paving Policy

1.3.7 Access Roads are narrow residential streets which have very low traffic volumes and path
paving would only be provided along one side.

1.3.8 Industrial Collector Roads are generally heavily trafficked with high usage by heavy
vehicles. Although the pedestrian generation is generally low, it is essential that path
paving is provided on both sides to encourage road crossings at intersections.

1.3.9 Industrial Access Roads have only minor pedestrian movements, but due its usage by
heavy vehicles and the longer distances that pedestrians need to walk. Path paving would
be provided on one side.

1.3.10 Pathways generally link streets with streets or streets to recreational and/or community
facilities. In many instances, Pathways are also utilised to cater for overland flows. As
such, they are generally constructed with 3 percent cross-fall and kerbed on one side.
Pathways in new release areas are 4m wide and in established areas they are generally 3m
wide. Pathways shall be constructed full width with 150mm thick concrete.

1.3.11 Parks provide aesthetic pedestrian routes that are usually linked to the adjacent street
path paving network. They provide pedestrian access to recreational and/or community
facilities located within the Park. The width of path paving in Parks are generally 1.5m
wide and constructed in 150mm thick concrete to cater for mowing tractors.

1.3.12 Schools need full width concrete path paving around the main entrance, adjacent to bus
bays and drop off and pick up areas caters for the high pedestrian numbers, particularly
during the drop off and pick up times. The full width concrete paved areas are usually
linked directly to the adjacent path paving network.

1.3.13 Commercial/Retail Areas are generally paved with segmental pavers full width to cater
for the high pedestrian usage and to enhance the aesthetics of these areas. Segmental
pavers shall be laid on 25mm sand over 75mm thick concrete base.

1.3.14 Bike Paths are generally 2.5m wide and constructed in concrete. If standard path paving
is proposed to be provided between two bike paths or where it forms part of Council’s
Bike Plan, then the proposed path paving should be upgraded to 2.5m wide to provide
continuity.

Blacktown City Council Page 7

Path Paving Policy

2. Implementation

2.1 Developing Areas

Developer Construction

Developers are required to provide path paving on roads created by subdivisions and
along roads adjacent to their subdivisions. The provision of path paving by developers
should be delayed until approximately 75 percent of the dwellings have been constructed
along the street frontage. This is to minimise damage to the path paving during house
construction.

The developer has 2 options to facilitate the delay of path paving provision:

2.1.1 Option 1 Lodgement of Security Deposit in the form of a Bank Guarantee or Cash
Deposit can be lodged with Council together with the execution of
Council’s standard Deed. The amount of the security is 1.5 times the
value of the work which is calculated using Council’s short term contract
rates. When approximately 75 percent of the allotments created have
been built upon, the developer may then notify Council of their intention
to construct the path paving. Following Council’s approval to proceed
with the work, the work is then carried out by the developer’s contractor
and upon satisfactory completion the Security Deposit will be released.

2.1.2 Option 2 Monetary Payment towards the provision of path paving may be made
by the developer. The amount of payment will be calculated using
Council’s Goods & Services P ricing Schedule. I n addition, a n
administration fee of 1 percent of the value of the path paving works with
a minimum of $250 is paid to Council. The amount due is payable prior
to release of the plan of subdivision, but may be paid at a later date to
release a Security Deposit. The path paving will then be constructed by
Council at a later date. This opt ion relieves t he developer of t heir
obligations to provide path paving much earlier than Option 1 and frees
the developer from servicing a Bank Guarantee and other administrative
commitments.

The extent of path paving works proposed in accordance with this Policy must be shown
on the Engineering Plans required by the Development Consent. The extent of works
approved by Council will then form part of the road and drainage works that the
developer is required to provide.

Blacktown City Council Page 8

Path Paving Policy

Construction of Path Paving by Council in Developing Areas

Generally, Council do not construct path paving in developing areas as the developer will
be required to provide it as a condition of development approval. However, situations
may arise whereby the property owners when it does to meet the needs of the community,
Council will seek to recover half the construction cost of providing the path paving from
the owners of properties fronting the work. Particularly when the subject properties are
capable of further development or undertake commercial activities. Council has the
legislative power to enforce the recovery of half the construction costs of providing path
paving from the owners of properties fronting the work in accordance with the Local
Government Act 1993.

2.2 Established Areas

2.2.1 Developer Construction

Where a development site fronts a road which is identified by this Policy as requiring
path paving, the developer is responsible for its construction along the full frontage of the
site. The fulfilment of this responsibility is by:

(i) Construction by developer at the time of the development.

(ii) Monetary Payment as set out in Option 2 above. (2.1.2)

2.2.2 Provision of Path Paving by Council

Council allocates funding for path paving projects through its Annual Works
Improvement Program. Projects are prioritised on merit in accordance to the Selection
Criteria outlined below:

 Pedestrian Generators
 Pedestrian Safety
 Development Potential
 Road Hierarchy
 Remaining or Incomplete Sections
 Requests Received by Council

Blacktown City Council Page 9

BLACKTOWN CITY COUNCIL ENGINEERING GUIDE FOR DEVELOPMENT – 2005

APPENDIX C

Pedestrian Refuge Guideline

Adopted February 2009

ENGINEERING GUIDE FOR DEVELOPMENT - February 2005

 Pedestrian Refuge Guideline
This guideline is now under review due to changes in both the
Australian Standards and Roads and Maritime Services (RMS)
Technical Directions. Until Council completes that review
reference should be made to Australian Standard 1742.10-2009
and the RMS Technical Directive 2011-01A.

ENGINEERING GUIDE FOR DEVELOPMENT - February 2005

BLACKTOWN CITY COUNCIL ENGINEERING GUIDE FOR DEVELOPMENT – 2005

APPENDIX D

DRAINAGE DESIGN
MANUAL

ENGINEERING GUIDE FOR DEVELOPMENT - February 2005

BLACKTOWN CITY COUNCIL ENGINEERING GUIDE FOR DEVELOPMENT – 2005

APPENDIX D

Blacktown City Council

DRAINAGE DESIGN MANUAL

A Supplement to the 1998 Edition of

Australian Rainfall and Runoff for Blacktown

Prepared by:

Blacktown City Council

Revised 2005

ENGINEERING GUIDE FOR DEVELOPMENT - February 2005

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BLACKTOWN CITY COUNCIL ENGINEERING GUIDE FOR DEVELOPMENT – 2005

INTRODUCTION

This document outlines Blacktown City Council's recommended practice for urban drainage
design. All urban drainage design for Council shall be carried out in accordance with this
document. It is in no way a comprehensive "Design Manual" and is intended to be read in
conjunction with and as a supplement to the 1998 Reprinted edition of "Australian Rainfall and
Runoff" (referred to as "AR&R"). The Design coefficients defined in the Tables and Figures
within this Manual are applicable only to the City of Blacktown.

The "Major/Minor" concept is adopted for urban drainage design. The "Minor" system refers
to the underground pipes system, designed to an Average Recurrence Interval as determined in
Section 1 of this Manual. The "Major" system refers to overland flow paths which shall be
designed to convey major storm flows when the capacity of the minor system is exceeded.

The Manual has been divided into Sections in accordance with the design procedures outlined
in Section 1.5.2, Book 8 of AR&R (page 9). The appendices detail several design techniques
which may be applicable to different aspects of Urban Drainage Design.

General requirements for the design of trunk drainage systems in new release areas are detailed
in Section 9 of this Manual. Where these designs are carried out by Consultants, a separate
Design Brief shall be written for each new design.

NOTE: Although the parameters and techniques for Flow Estimation in urban catchments as
set out in the Manual, generally refer to the Rational Method, it may, depending on catchment
characteristics, be more appropriate to use Time/Area or Non-Linear-Runoff-Routing Model.
Urban Hydrograph Models such as RAFTS and DRAINS employ rigorous, as well as
contemporary techniques for determining catchment discharge and response and should be
used wherever possible. Council has already modelled some catchments using the DRAINS
and RAFTS computer models and on request, these data files can be made available to facilitate
catchment analysis.

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DESIGN PROCEDURE
Listed below is the suggested procedure for urban stormwater drainage design. A detailed
explanation of the procedures is contained within each Section. The steps refer to the general
order in which a drainage design proceeds.

1. Determine Design Average Recurrence Intervals.

1.1 Piped Drainage (Minor System).
1.2 Major System Drainage.
1.3 Redevelopment in Urban Areas.
1.4 Trunk Drainage.
1.5 Design Freeboard.

2. Preliminary Layout of Proposed Drainage.

3. Calculation of Minor System Flowrates.

3.1 Design Rainfall Intensities.
3.2 Time of Concentration.
3.3 Runoff Coefficients.
3.4 Sub-area Discharge.
3.5 Partial Area Flows.

4. Pit Inlets Design.

4.1 Pit Location.
4.2 Analysis of Existing Pits.
4.3 Inlet Design.

5. Assessment of Major System Flows.

6. Hydraulic Design.

7. Design of On-site Stormwater Detention for Urban Developments.

Introduction
When is On-site Stormwater Detention Required?
Design Requirements

8. Culvert Design

9. Trunk Drainage Design - General Requirements

Hydrology.
Design Principles.
Hydraulic Analysis.
Regional Retarding Basins/Wetlands.

10. Computer Applications.

10.1 Commercially Available Programs.
10.2 Parameters for Hydrological Models.

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1. DETERMINE DESIGN RECURRENCE INTERVALS

1.1 PIPED DRAINAGE (MINOR SYSTEM)

Road Drainage (General Longitudinally):

Land Use A.R.I.

Rural Residential 5 years

Urban Residential (with catchments of 6Ha or less) 5 years

Urban Residential (with catchments larger than 6Ha) 10 years

Commercial 20 years

Industrial 20 years

Road Crossings (With Unobstructed Floodway):

Hierarchy Classification A.R.I.

Local/Collector 5 years
Sub-Arterial 20 years
Arterial 100 years
Access to Emergency Facilities 100 years

1.2 MAJOR SYSTEM DRAINAGE

A check shall be undertaken to ensure that the 100 years ARI flow rate has a safe
"escape route" when the minor system fails. Major system drainage shall not be
confused with trunk drainage, as explained in the introduction. The "escape route"
shall follow a public pathway or road system, developed as part of the
subdivision/development being created.

1.3 REDEVELOPMENT IN URBAN AREAS

Where a development is proposed at or adjacent to a known flooding problem area,

the piped drainage shall be designed to a minimum of a 20 year Average Recurrence
Interval (ARI), or another appropriate ARI, as directed. Location of problem areas are
defined by Council's Stormwater Surcharge Index. This information can be obtained
from Council's Manager Asset Design.

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In these circumstances, a local flood study, in addition to the stormwater drainage

concept plan, may be required to be submitted with the lodgement of the Development
Application. Details may be obtained from Council's Manager Investigation and
Design.

1.4 TRUNK DRAINAGE

All trunk drainage systems shall be designed to a 100 year ARI flow rate for the
Critical Storm, with freeboard requirements as shown in Section 1.5. Major retention
structures should be checked for Half Probable Maximum Flood flows so that
damage, resulting from failure of the structure, does not occur. Refer to Section 9 of
this Manual.

NOTE: Modification of these values will depend on individual cases e.g. Freeboard
may be increased or reduced where waterway area is such that the sensitivity of the
floodway to changes in the flow parameters, is indicative of a corresponding large or
small change in flow depth and velocity; additionally, it may be necessary for a
structure to be checked for a Full Probable Maximum Flood in areas where failure
could significantly increase the danger to life and property.

The extent of "trunk drainage" in a catchment will be defined by areas shown as SP2
Drainage in the LEP, and/or flood extents mapping as defined on Council's
Geographical Information System.

1.5 DESIGN FREEBOARD

Industrial/
Residential
Commercial
Drainage System Land Habitable Garage Land
Floor
Level Floor Floor Level
(#) Level Level Level
(#)
Trunk Drainage
0.5 m 0.5 m 0.1 m 0.5 m 0.5 m
Creeks and open channels
Overland Flow N/A 0.3 m 0.1 m N/A 0.3 m
Onsite Detention (*) N/A 0.2 m 0.1 m N/A 0.2 m
Road Drainage - Minor Systems
(Gutter & Pipe Flow) 0.15 m below top of grate
Road Drainage - Major Systems
(Road capacity) See Figure 1.1
Detention Basins 0.5 m below top of embankment (100 year ARI)

(*) Refer to Section 7.3 - Design Requirements.

(#) Land level at subdivision stage.

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Piped drainage
easement with

flow
overland flow

X
Land level beyond building setback
shall be at least:
Y
- 0.5 m for residential areas
- 0.3 m for Industrial & Commercial areas drainage
B B above the 100 year ARI flood level. easement

A BDY BDY

225 (min)

225 (min)
Ar

100 (min)
ea
FFL FFL
Building Setback

(min)
300
overland
flow
ROAD piped
flow
Note:
Finished floor levels shall be designed taking into
consideration the most critical water surface level
adjoining the buildings. Generally, this level will be
in line with the upstream most building wall as shown
'X' and 'Y' in the plan.

SECTION B-B
flow flow

DRAINAGE RESERVE

flood extent
100 year ARI

A PLAN
BDY
BDY
DRAINAGE RESERVE ROAD RESERVE Building Setback

225 (min)
FFL FFL
0.5 m (minimum) - Residential
0.3 m (minimum) Industrial/Commercial Major Systems (100 Year ARI)
2000 ard)
4 % (standa (stand
rd) (max) 4%

(max)
200
100 year ARI flood level

Land level beyond building setback

Trunk Drainage Gutter Flow shall be at least:
Minor System
as per Section 1.1 Dg x V < 0.4m/s - 0.5 m for residential areas
Gutter level to be above the
- 0.3 m for Industrial & Commercial areas
100 year ARI flood level above the 100 year ARI flood level.

SECTION A-A Figure 1.1 - Typical Freeboard Requirements

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2. PRELIMINARY LAYOUT OF PROPOSED DRAINAGE

An assessment of the topography will determine the location of proposed drainage paths.
Once the location of a proposed network is defined, trial pit locations should be arranged.
Generally, pits should be spaced with minimal bypass flows. An approximate procedure for
locating pits is detailed in "Technical Note 2" in Book 8 (page 11) of AR&R. The final
design criteria for location of pits is described in Section 4.1 of this Manual.

Catchment areas to each pit shall be determined from contour information and proposed
property boundaries. A site inspection shall always be made to check the contour
information and assess the likelihood of any flow path deviations which may occur as a
consequence of existing or proposed developments. Changes to flow paths can occur as a
result of the construction of fences, retaining walls, buildings etc. after the construction phase
of the subdivision. The impact of these changes shall be considered at the design stage.

Sub-area discharges can be calculated using the procedures detailed in Section 3. Major
system flow paths should be defined at this stage, and analysed according to the procedures
detailed in Section 5.

3. CALCULATION OF MINOR SYSTEM FLOWRATES

3.1 DESIGN RAINFALL INTENSITIES

Rainfall intensities adopted for design are those issued by the Bureau of
Meteorology for Minchinbury, and these shall apply for the Blacktown City Council
Area. A copy of the IFD table (Table 3.0) is on the following page.

3.2 TIMES OF CONCENTRATION

Time of concentration for each sub catchment shall be determined using the
Kinematic Wave Equation, as detailed in Technical Note 3 (Pages 12-13) of Book 8
of AR&R.

The Kinematic Wave equation is very sensitive to slope and the Retardance
Coefficient "n*", these should be estimated carefully. Recommended Retardance
Coefficients are listed below in Table 3.1. (see next page)

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Table 3.1
Surface Retardance Coefficients (n*)

Land Use Retardance Coefficient

Road/Paved Areas Only 0.01

Normal Residential 0.08
Medium Density Residential 0.06
Industrial/Commercial 0.04
Parkland 0.15
Open space (Natural Bushland) 0.3

Note: Minimum Tc = 5 mins.

Maximum Tc = 20 mins.
Where Tc is in excess of 14 mins. it is necessary to validate the use of such a Time
in the calculations.

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TABLE 3.0
RAINFALL INTENSITY FREQUENCY DURATION FOR BLACKTOWN NSW

Average Recurrence Interval

Duration 1 Year 2 Year 5 Year 10 Year 20 Year 50 Year 100 Year
(mm/hr) (mm/hr) (mm/hr) (mm/hr) (mm/hr) (mm/hr) (mm/hr)
5.0m 77 100 129 146 168 197 219
5.5m 75 96 124 141 162 190 212
6.0m 72 93 120 136 157 184 205
6.5m 70 91 117 132 152 179 199
7.0m 68 88 114 128 148 174 194
7.5m 66 86 111 125 144 169 188
8.0m 65 84 108 122 140 165 184
8.5m 63 81 105 119 137 161 179
9.0m 62 80 103 116 134 157 175
9.5m 60 78 100 114 131 154 171
10m 59 76 98 111 128 150 167
11m 57 73 94 107 123 144 160
12m 55 70 91 103 118 139 154
13m 53 68 88 99 114 134 149
14m 51 66 85 96 110 129 144
15m 49.4 64 82 93 107 125 139
16m 47.9 62 79 90 103 121 135
17m 46.5 60 77 87 100 118 131
18m 45.3 58 75 85 98 115 127
19m 44.1 57 73 83 95 111 124
20m 43.0 55 71 81 93 109 121
21m 42.0 54 70 79 90 106 118
22m 41.0 53 68 77 88 104 115
23m 40.1 52 66 75 86 101 112
24m 39.2 51 65 73 84 99 110
25m 38.4 49.5 64 72 83 97 108
26m 37.7 48.5 62 70 81 95 105
27m 36.9 47.5 61 69 79 93 103
28m 36.2 46.6 60 68 78 91 101
29m 35.6 45.8 59 66 76 90 99
30m 34.9 45.0 58 65 75 88 98
32m 33.8 43.4 56 63 72 85 94
34m 32.7 42.0 54 61 70 82 91
36m 31.7 40.8 52 59 68 80 88
38m 30.7 39.6 51 57 66 77 86
40m 29.9 38.5 49.4 56 64 75 83
45m 28.0 36.0 46.2 52 60 70 78
50m 26.4 33.9 43.5 49.1 56 66 73

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Table 3.0 Continued

55m 25.0 32.1 41.2 46.4 53 62 69
60m 23.8 30.6 39.2 44.1 51 59 66
75m 20.8 26.7 34.3 38.6 44.4 52 58
90m 18.6 23.9 30.7 34.6 39.8 46.6 52
105m 16.9 21.8 27.9 31.5 36.2 42.4 47.1
120m 15.6 20.1 25.7 29.0 33.4 39.0 43.4
135m 14.5 18.6 23.9 27.0 31.0 36.3 40.3
150m 13.6 17.5 22.4 25.3 29.1 34.0 37.8
165m 12.8 16.5 21.1 23.8 27.4 32.1 35.6
180m 12.1 15.6 20.0 22.6 26.0 30.4 33.8
195m 11.5 14.8 19.0 21.5 24.7 28.9 32.1
210m 11.0 14.2 18.2 20.5 23.6 27.6 30.7
225m 10.5 13.6 17.4 19.6 22.6 26.4 29.4
240m 10.1 13.0 16.7 18.9 21.7 25.4 28.2
270m 9.41 12.1 15.5 17.5 20.2 23.6 26.2
5h 8.81 11.3 14.6 16.4 18.6 22.1 24.6
6h 7.86 10.1 13.0 14.7 16.9 19.8 21.9
7h 7.14 9.19 11.8 13.3 15.3 18.0 19.9
8h 6.57 8.46 10.9 12.3 14.1 16.5 18.4
9h 6.11 7.86 10.1 11.4 13.1 15.4 17.1
10h 5.72 7.36 9.46 10.7 12.3 14.4 16.0
11h 5.39 6.94 8.92 10.1 11.6 13.6 15.1
12h 5.11 6.58 8.45 9.54 11.0 12.9 14.3
14h 4.63 5.97 7.70 8.71 10.0 11.8 13.1
16h 4.25 5.48 7.10 8.04 9.29 10.9 12.2
18h 3.94 5.09 6.61 7.50 8.67 10.2 11.4
20h 3.68 4.76 6.20 7.04 8.15 9.61 10.7
22h 3.46 4.48 5.84 6.65 7.70 9.09 10.2
24h 3.27 4.23 5.54 6.31 7.31 8.64 9.66
30h 2.82 3.66 4.81 5.50 6.39 7.58 8.46
36h 2.49 3.24 4.28 4.91 5.72 6.79 7.62
42h 2.24 2.92 3.87 4.45 5.19 6.17 6.94
48h 2.04 2.66 3.54 4.07 4.76 5.68 6.38
54h 1.87 2.44 3.26 3.76 4.40 5.26 5.92
60h 1.73 2.26 3.03 3.50 4.10 4.91 5.53
66h 1.61 2.10 2.83 3.27 3.84 4.60 5.19
72h 1.50 1.97 2.65 3.07 3.61 4.33 4.89

The rainfall intensities shown above are calculated in accordance with Chapter 2, Australian
Rainfall and Runoff - 1987 Edition.

Blacktown, NSW: 33.8 South 150.825 East AUS-IFD

February 2005 Ver 2.0, 2001

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3.3 RUNOFF COEFFICIENTS

Runoff Coefficients "C" shall be determined in accordance with Section 1.5.5(iii)

(pages 18-19) of Book 8 of AR&R. The following equations apply for
Blacktown:

Cy = Fy x C10

where: C10 = 0.9 x f + 0.36068 x (1 - f)

These parameters are defined below:

Cy : Runoff Coefficient for recurrence interval "y" (years)

C10: 10 year ARI Runoff Coefficient
Fy : Frequency Factor - See Table 3.2
f : Fraction Impervious - See Table 3.3

Runoff coefficients shall be estimated separately for each land use, see Table 3.3.
Table 3.4 is a quick reference table giving runoff coefficients in Blacktown for
the land uses listed in Table 3.3.

NOTE: Refer to Section 10.2 for coefficients to be used in computer analysis

using DRAINS or RAFTS-XP Models.

Past experience and information from DIPNR suggests that major flooding in
Blacktown occurs part way through a much longer storm event. Thus the
catchment is already saturated and the Loss Rates are negligible.

Table 3.2

Frequency Factors for Runoff Coefficients

Recurrence Intervals Fy

1 0.80
2 0.85
5 0.95
10 1.00
20 1.05
50 1.15
100 1.20

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Table 3.3

Fraction Impervious for Runoff Coefficients

Land Use f

Public Recreation Areas 0.50

Older Residential Lot Only 0.75
Older Residential Lot Incl. Half Road 0.80
New Residential Lot Only 0.80
New Residential Lot incl. Half Road 0.85
Medium Density Residential Lot (villas etc) 0.85
Half Width Road Reserve 0.95
Industrial Areas/Commercial Areas 1.00

Table 3.4

Quick Reference Table

Runoff Coefficients (Cy) for Blacktown

Land Use Recurrence Interval

5 10 20 100

Older Residential Lot Only 0.73 0.77 0.80 0.90

Older Residential incl. Half Road 0.76 0.79 0.83 0.95
New Residential Lot Only 0.76 0.79 0.83 0.95
New Residential Lot incl. Half Road 0.78 0.82 0.86 0.98
Half Width Road Reserve 0.83 0.87 0.92 1.0
Medium Density Residential Lot 0.78 0.82 0.86 0.97
Industrial/Commercial Areas 0.86 0.90 0.95 1.0
Public Recreation Areas 0.61 0.63 0.65 0.72

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3.4 SUB-AREA DISCHARGE

Discharge for each sub catchment may be calculated using the Rational Method
formula:

Q = C x I x A/0.36 (l/s)

"Hydrological Design Sheet 1" (A copy is on the following page) sets out the
preferred format for these calculations. Technical Note 6 (page 24) of Book 8 of
AR&R details a worked example for these calculations. The following points should
be noted:

* The rainfall intensity adopted (column 8) is for the total flow time,

* A "C" valve (column 9) and sub area (column 10) is calculated for each land use
type, and

* The discharge for the subcatchment (column 13) is calculated by summing the
CA's (column 12) and multiplying by (I/0.36).

"Hydrological Design Sheet 2" (copy attached) can then be used to calculate the flows
along each reach of the pipe system. Where calculations are proposed to be presented
as a computer hardcopy, it shall be necessary to obtain approval from Council's
Engineer prior to doing so. Hand calculations shall be submitted in the format shown
on the enclosed Sheets.

3.5 PARTIAL AREA FLOWS

In urban catchments, it is probable that a greater flow rate may be obtained by

applying the Rational Method to a lower part of the catchment with a time of
concentration less than the full area travel time. These partial area effects commonly
occur when large paved areas are directly connected to the pipe inlet, and the
subcatchment discharge is based on a larger pervious area. Similarly, partial area
effects can also occur, where a large open space catchment contributes to an urban
catchment, with a Time of Concentration substantially different to the urban
catchment.

In areas where this may be critical, such as industrial or high density residential
development, a partial area check, based on times of concentration of impervious areas
directly connected to the pipe system, is necessary. However, for routine urban
drainage design this may not be appropriate.

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PIPED URBAN STORMWATER DRAINAGE HYDROLOGICAL DESIGN SHEET 1 Sheet …… of ……

Job ………………………………………………………………………………………. Reference ………………………………………………..

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21)
Pit Land Flow Slope 'n' Time Total Intensity Runoff Area CA ΣCA Q=CIA Bypass Adopted Gutter Flow Inlet Inflow Bypass Remarks
Use Length (m/m) (min) Time 1 Coeff. A (ha) (ha) (l/s) Flow Flow Slope Width Type (l/a) Flow
Type (m) (min) (mm/h) C (ha) [9]x[10] [8]x[12] (l/s) rate (l/s) (m/m) (m) (l/s) to
/0.36 from [13]+[14] Pit ( )
Pit( )
FLOW TIMES PIT INLET

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HYDROLOGICAL DESIGN SHEET 2

PIPED URBAN STORMWATER DRAINAGE

Job ………………………………………………………. Reference ……………………….

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11)
Pipe Time Intensity ΣCA Q= Time Intensity ΣCA Q=CIA Adopted Remarks
to I (ha) CIA to I (ha) (l/s) Flow Rate
(min) (mm/h) (l/s) (min) (mm/h) [7]x[8] (l/s)
[3]x[4] /0.36 Greater
/0.36 of [5] &[9]
FULL AREA PARTIAL AREA

Designer ………………………………… Date …………………. Checked ………………

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4. PIT INLET DESIGN

4.1 PIT LOCATION

The following criteria governs the location of pits in roadways, for the design average
recurrence interval:

(i) Flow width shall not exceed 2.0m.

(ii) Gutter flows shall at no point overtop the kerb.
(iii) Velocity x depth shall not exceed 0.4 (5 year ARI)
(iv) Bypass from any pit on grade shall not exceed 15% of the total gutter flow at the
pit (Full Capture Desirable).
(v) Maximum spacing between directly connected pits shall not exceed 80m.
(vi) Where flows in the gutter are >= 20 l/s and /or >= 1m in width adjacent to the
upstream Kerb Return Tangent Point, these flows shall be intercepted with a Kerb
Inlet Pit.

Technical Note 4 (pages 16-17) of Book 8 of AR&R details a method for calculating
gutter and road flows.

4.2 ANALYSIS OF EXISTING PIT INLETS

Most existing grates within the city area are Durham (RMS A190) type grates with bars
parallel to the kerb. In some circumstances these pit configurations have less capacity
than the welded steel ("Weldlok") type grates. Any analysis of existing drainage systems
shall therefore account for inlet capacities appropriate to the type of grate/inlet
configuration.

4.3 INLET DESIGN

Once the sub catchment flows are known, pit inlets can be designed in accordance with
the charts contained on the following pages. All new pit inlets shall be constructed using
welded steel ("Weldlok") type or equivalent grates with appropriate skirts. On grade,
percentage capture by grates is mainly dependent on lintel size, tests show that the two
types of grates mentioned above have similar performance characteristics on grade when
in combination with a lintel. The charts for the sag inlets are based on tests conducted
by the RTA N.S.W., Water Research Laboratory and the West Australian Institute of
Technology (see Ref. 6, 10 & 14) and incorporate the following blockage factors:

(a) 10% reduction in capacity for clogging of the kerb inlet.

(b) 30% reduction in capacity for clogging of the grating.

Alternatively inlet capacities can be calculated from first principles using formulas as
detailed in Section 1.5.4(iii), Book 8 (page 15) of AR&R. If using these formulae, the

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blocking factors adopted on the previous page, shall be applied. Where it is proposed
to use a grate not conforming to these requirements, it is necessary to submit a detailed
investigation from an accredited laboratory establishing the performance of the grate
prior to it being accepted or rejected by Council.

Hand calculations for the design of pit inlets shall be tabulated on "Hydrological
Design Sheet 1" (column 16 to 20). Computer analyses shall conform to the inlet
capacities graphed on Figs. 4.1 to 4.5, unless prior approval has been received from
Council's Development Services Engineer.

Sag pits shall be designed based on a depth of ponding, up to the top of the kerb.
Ponding depths can be calculated using design charts, Figures 4.2 - 4.5 of this Manual.
Lintel sizes shall be commensurate with inflow requirements.

A nominal internal lintel size of 0.9m shall be placed on junction pits along kerb and
gutter in public roads. The minimum nominal internal lintel size for grated gully pits
in public roads shall be 1.8m, unless the pit's main function is to facilitate a change in
direction or grade of the stormwater pipe, in which case the nominal internal lintel size
may be reduced to 1.2m. The minimum nominal internal lintel size for grated gully
pits in "sags" shall be 2.4m.

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5. ASSESSMENT OF MAJOR SYSTEM FLOWS

Many of the flooding problems in older areas of Blacktown have occurred, due to inadequate
provision of overland flow paths. Thus, all urban drainage designs shall incorporate an
assessment of major system flows. The aim of this check is to ensure that a safe and
adequate "Escape route" is achieved for storm events above that of the pipe system design.
This route should be a properly sized over-land flow path preferably along a road and
pathway system.

The Rational Method may be used to estimate major system flows for critical points in the
drainage system. An ARI of 100 years shall be used for this and the difference between the
minor system flow and the 100 year ARI flow shall be the basis upon which the major system
flow path shall be designed.

The roads and pathways will generally form the flow path by which the major system flows
are routed, either to the Trunk Drainage system or to a lowpoint with sufficient hydraulic
capacity to capture the flows. Special consideration shall be given to Trapped Lowpoints
where the overland flowpath may divert surcharge into properties. This is especially
important when designing "Downhill" cul-de-sac and Kerb returns adjacent to a sag vertical
curve. In the former case the overland flow path shall incorporate a depressed pathway with
reverse crossfall in the footway. In the latter case consideration shall be given to grading the
Kerb Return such that water flows around the Return and away before it breaks over the top
of kerb at the lowpoint. Table 5.1 overpage gives approximate capacities of full width
carriageways based on the following criteria:

(i) Velocity x Depth <=1.0

(ii) Flow depth equivalent to top of kerb.

If the roadway capacity is inadequate, an estimate shall be made of the capacity of the pipe
system under major flow conditions. Pit capacities shall be calculated using the appropriate
blocking factors, and pipe capacities estimated with trial diameters and head levels no greater
than 150mm below the surface levels / invert of kerb (applicable up to the design ARI for the
respective pipeline reach).

The major flows must have an overland flow path such that all floor levels have
minimum freeboards in accordance with Section 1.5 of this Manual. The freeboard
requirement may be varied on consideration of the sensitivity of the floodway
parameters to the flows. Subject to approval by the Manager Investigation and Design.

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TABLE 5.1
CARRIAGEWAY CAPACITIES (m3/s)

Carriageway with Standard Barrier Kerb Profile

Longitudinal
Carriageway Width (m)
Slope
% 5 5.5 6.5 7.5 8 9 10.3 11 13.5 15.5
0.5 0.64 0.68 0.76 0.82 0.84 0.87 0.87 0.86 0.42 0.42
1 0.90 0.97 1.08 1.16 1.19 1.23 1.23 1.22 0.60 0.60
2 1.27 1.37 1.53 1.64 1.69 1.74 1.75 1.72 0.85 0.85
3 1.56 1.68 1.87 2.01 2.07 2.13 2.14 2.11 1.04 1.04
4 1.80 1.94 2.16 2.33 2.39 2.46 2.47 2.44 1.20 1.20
5 2.02 2.17 2.42 2.60 2.67 2.75 2.76 2.73 1.34 1.34
6 2.21 2.37 2.65 2.85 2.92 3.01 3.02 2.99 1.47 1.47
7 2.38 2.56 2.86 3.08 3.16 3.25 3.27 3.23 1.58 1.58
8 2.55 2.74 3.06 3.29 3.37 3.48 3.49 3.45 1.69 1.69
9 2.70 2.91 3.24 3.49 3.58 3.69 3.70 3.66 1.80 1.80
10 2.85 3.06 3.42 3.68 3.77 3.89 3.91 3.85 1.89 1.89

Carriageway with Roll Kerb Profile

Longitudinal
Carriageway Width (m)
Slope
% 5 5.5 6.5 7.5 8 9 10.3 11 13.5 15.5
0.5 0.85 0.91 1.03 1.12 1.16 1.22 1.26 1.27 0.62 0.62
1 1.20 1.29 1.45 1.59 1.64 1.72 1.78 1.80 0.87 0.87
2 1.69 1.83 2.06 2.24 2.32 2.44 2.52 2.54 1.23 1.23
3 2.08 2.24 2.52 2.75 2.84 2.98 3.09 3.11 1.51 1.51
4 2.40 2.58 2.91 3.17 3.28 3.45 3.57 3.59 1.74 1.74
5 2.68 2.89 3.25 3.55 3.67 3.85 3.99 4.01 1.95 1.95
6 2.94 3.16 3.56 3.88 4.02 4.22 4.37 4.40 2.13 2.13
7 3.17 3.42 3.85 4.20 4.34 4.56 4.72 4.75 2.31 2.31
8 3.39 3.65 4.11 4.48 4.64 4.87 5.05 5.08 2.46 2.46
9 3.59 3.87 4.36 4.76 4.92 5.17 5.35 5.39 2.61 2.61
10 3.79 4.08 4.60 5.01 5.18 5.45 5.64 5.68 2.76 2.76
Notes: 1. Maximum flow depth = 200mm
2. Velocity Depth relationship V.dg < 1.0.
3. Manning's n: Pavement = 0.014; Gutter = 0.012; Footway = 0.025.
4. Carriageway crossfall = 3%; Footway crossfall = 4%
5. Shaded figures indicate half road capacity only.
6. Linear interpolation may be used for other longitudinal carriageway slopes
7. Capacities based on profile for Major systems shown on Section A-A, Figure
1.1, Section 1.5 of this Manual.

Technical Note 6 Book 8 (page 28) of AR&R details a procedure for checking major system
flows. A copy of "Hydrological Design Sheet 3", the preferred format for checking major
systems, is on the following page.

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BLACKTOWN CITY COUNCIL ENGINEERING GUIDE FOR DEVELOPMENT – 2005

PIPED URBAN STORMWATER DRAINAGE HYDROLOGICAL DESIGN SHEET 3 Sheet …… of ……

Job ………………………………………………………………………………………. Reference ………………………………………………..

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (21)
Location Land Flow Slope 'n' Time Total Intensity Runoff Area CA ΣCA Q=CIA Cumulat- Down- Road Flowrate Road Remarks
Use Length (m/m) (min) Time 1 Coeff. A (ha) (ha) (l/s) ive Pit stream Pipe [13]- lesser of Capacity
Type (m) (min) (mm/h) C (ha) [9]x[10] [8]x[12] Capacities Capacity [14]&[15} Check
/0.36 (l/s) (l/s) (l/s)
FLOW TIMES

Designer …………………………………………… Date ……………………………………. Checked ……………………………

ENGINEERING GUIDE FOR DEVELOPMENT - February 2005

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BLACKTOWN CITY COUNCIL ENGINEERING GUIDE FOR DEVELOPMENT – 2005

6. HYDRAULIC DESIGN

The Hydraulic Grade Line method shall be used for pipeline design. It is not the purpose of
this document to give a detailed explanation of the method, but important points are
mentioned below:

(i) Recommend Pipe Friction Coefficients:

Pipe Mannings Colebrook-White

Material "n" "k"

SRCP 0.012 0.6 *

FRC 0.011 0.3
UPVC 0.01 0.015

* Chart on following page

(ii) Tailwater levels:

The tailwater to be adopted will depend on the outflow conditions. Where determination of a
tailwater level is in doubt, it shall be necessary to confirm the value with Council's Manager
Investigation and Design.

* For free outfalls, adopt the pipe obvert,

* For discharge into receiving waters, adopt a tailwater equivalent to the design ARI
flood level,
* For discharge into existing systems where the hydraulic grade levels are unknown,
adopt a tailwater 150mm below the natural surface/invert of kerb,
* For discharge to kerb and gutter, adopt top of kerb level, and
* For discharge into a point designed to surcharge, adopt a tailwater level equivalent to
the height of surcharge.

(iii) Pit loss factors:

* Pit loss factors (k) shall be calculated using the Tables from ARRB SR 34, 1986
(Tables 6.5 and 6.6); a copy of these are on the following pages. Where the pit
configuration is not covered by these tables, the Missouri Charts or Hare Charts should
be used. (Refer to reference (1), (6), (7)),

* The top pit in the system must have sufficient depth to generate sufficient head to
charge the pipe. This can be calculated by using co-efficients derived from the
Missouri Charts. The k value of 4.5 should not automatically be assigned to all starter
pits but each pit shall be assessed on its merits, and

ENGINEERING GUIDE FOR DEVELOPMENT - February 2005

D - 26
 Discharge and velocity graph
Colebrook-White formula k = 0.60mm
For circular pipes running full but not under head.
Engineering Guide For Development - 2005
Computed by:

HYDRAULIC GRADIENTS
DISHARGE Q, l/s

D-27 Figures 6.1

BLACKTOWN CITY COUNCIL ENGINEERING GUIDE FOR DEVELOPMENT – 2005

* Pit Loss factors for drop pits shall be calculated in accordance with the charts
previously mentioned. An allowance shall be made relative to the drop through
the pit. When the obvert of the outlet pipe is at or greater than Do/4, below the
invert of the upstream pipe, the inflow shall be regarded as grate flow. That is,
when the obvert of the outlet pipe is 1/4 of its diameter or greater, below the
invert of the upstream pipe then the pipe loss factor (k) shall be no less than 4.5.
Intermediate cases may be determined by linear interpolation of pit loss factor
(k) up to 4.5. Because of the high losses in these pits, it may be preferable to
design a mitre bend or a steeper section of pipe.

Where pipe grades are in excess of 15%, Concrete Thrust Blocks shall be placed at every
third collar. Pipe grades >20% are NOT permitted, except where approved by Council in
special unavoidable circumstances.

Desirable Full Flow Pipe Velocity shall fall between 0.6m/s and 6.0m/s.

(iv) Inlet Efficiency:

An allowance of 150mm shall be adopted below the lowest point of the pit inlet/kerb invert,
to allow such inlets to act efficiently. Where this cannot be achieved it will be necessary to
obtain the concurrence of Council before proceeding.

(v) Pipes Operating Under Head:

Where a pipe section is operating under 500mm or more of head (above pipe obvert) that
Section shall be constructed using pipes without lifting holes.

(vi) Hydraulic Grade Line Design

Technical Note 9 Book 8 (pages 42-45) of AR&R detail the recommended procedures for
Hydraulic Grade Line calculations (HGL). A copy of the "Hydraulic Design Sheet" is
attached and this shall be used for manual calculations. Computer analyses will be accepted
where prior approval from Council's Engineer has been received. The HGL shall be checked
using the Hydraulic Checking Sheet (copy enclosed) and the Water Levels so determined
plotted on the pipeline Longitudinal Sections.

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Blacktown City Council ENGINEERING GUIDE FOR DEVELOPMENT-2005

Piped Urban Stormwater Drainage

HYDRAULIC DESIGN SHEET
Sheet of
Job Reference

[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] [23] [24] [25]
Pipe Length Design Trial Full V2 U/S U/S Pit Pit k.V2 HGL at HGL Pipe HGL at D/S Pit D/S Pit Hydraulic Cover U/S Adopted Hydraulic Cover Adopted Pipe Remarks
L Flow Pipe Pipe 2g Surface Water Pressure 2g U/S Slope Sf Friction D/S Surface Water [11]-[14] [7]-Cover, Pipe [23]- Lowest [16]-[4] [15]- Lowest Slope
(m) Rate Diameter Vel. (m) Level Level Change (m) Pit (m/m) Loss Sf.L Pit Level Level Wall Drop of Cover of [21] Sf
Q (l/s) (m) V (m) Limit * Coeff. [9]x[6] (m) [12]x[2] (m) (m) Limit** thickness [17],[18] and [22] [20]-[23]
(m/s) AHD (m) Ku or Kw [8]-[10] AHD AHD (m) and [19] [2]
[11]-[13]
U/S Invert Levels (m) U/S Invert Levels (m)

* Lower of :[7] - freeboard ** Lower of : [14] Designer Date Checked

or lowest HGL level in [14] for pipes entering U/S pit. or [15] - freeboard

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 BLACKTOWN CITY COUNCIL ENGINEERING GUIDE FOR DEVELOPMENT – 2005

HYDROLOGICAL CHECKING SHEET

PIPED URBAN STORMWATER DRAINAGE

Job ………………………………………………………. Reference ……………………….

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14)
Pipe Length Design Pipe Full V2 D/S Pipe HGL Obvert Pit K.V2 Adopted U/S
L Flow- Dia- Pipe 2g HGL Friction just Level Pressure 2g U/S Pit Surface
(m) Rate meter Vel. (m) Level Loss below At Upper Change (m) Water Level
Q (m) V (m) SL U/S Pit End of Coeffs. [11]x[6] (or HGL) (m)
(l/s) (m/s) AHD (m) (m) Pipe K Level* AHD
[7]+[8] (m) Or K (m)

* (higher of [9] and [10] +[12])

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BLACKTOWN CITY COUNCIL ENGINEERING GUIDE FOR DEVELOPMENT – 2005

Storm Drainage Design in Small Urban Catchment

Table 6.5
Approximate Values for Coefficient Kw
Pipes Concurrent or at Right angles
1. Introduction 2. Junction Pits without Gutter Flow
Code Description Qu≈ Ql≈ Qg Kw
Figure (a) represents a general, simple junction pit layout ≈
with upstream, lateral and grating inflows. Qu, Q1 and J-1 Junction pit Qo - - 0.2
Qg respectively. on through
pipeline, i.e.
Qu ≈ Qo
By assigning values to these parameters all possible Junction pit
simple junction pit configurations can be described. on through
Figure (b) is an elevation section through the pit taken pipe with
lateral(s)
along the alignment of its discharge pipe, diameter Do. J-2A u
Q >Q l
Qo some - 0.5
The Kw values listed are based on the findings of J-2B Qu ≈ Ql Qo/2 Qu/2 - 1.0
Sangster et al (1958) known as 'Missouri charts'. J-2C Qu < Ql Some Qo - 2.0
de Groot and Boyd (1983). Black and Piggott (1983). J-3 Junction pit Qo Qo - 2.0
on 'L' pipe
junction, i.e.
Qu - Q
Junction pit
on 'T' pipe
junction i.e.
Qo - O
J-3A Opposed - Qo - 2.5
J-3B laterals - Qo - 2.0
Offset
laterals

3. Inlet/Junction Pits with Gutter Flow 4. Part-Full Outflow from Junction Pits

Code Description Qu Ql ≈ Qg ≈ Kw
≈ =
1-1 Inlet pipe - - Qo 4.0
with single
pipe
outflow
inlet on
through
pipeline
1-2A . Qu ≈ Qg Qo/2 - Qo/2 2.0
1-2B . Qu ≈ Qo Qo - some 0.5
inlet on
through Situations frequently arise, particularly in upper-basin
pipe with catchments of moderate/steep grade, where pipes operate
lateral(s) part-full. Water level build-up in pits supplying these
1-3A .Qu > Qo Qo some some 0.5
1-3B .Qu > Ql Qo/2 some Qo/2 1.5 pipes, is, typically above obvert level (see sketch).
1-3C .Qu ≈ Ql Qo/2 Qo/2 some 1.5 Bannigan and Morgan (1981) have suggested for such
1-3D .Qu < Ql some Qo some 2.0 situations that the hydraulic grade line be set at (discharge)
1-3E .Qu < Ql some Qo/2 Qo/2 2.5
1-4 Inlet on 'L' - Qo some 2.5
pipe obvert level and the height, hw, fixed in the same
pipe manner as other cases considered in Tables 6.5 and 6.6.
junction The value of Vo required in the calculation of hw is given
i.e. Qu ≈ O by Vo = Qo /Ao where Ao is discharge pipe full area.
Inlet on "T"
pipe
junction i.e. No experimental or field validation of this has to date been
Qu ≈ O
. opposed
presented. Results of a pilot study carried out at S.A.
1-5A laterals - Qo some 3.0 Institute of Technology show water level build-up can be
1-5B . offset - Qo some 2.5 significantly recommended that the Bannigan and Morgan
laterals approach be adopted with hw fixed by:
hw = 1.5 kw V2o
2g
The results of current research will in time yield a more
accurate relationship.

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BLACKTOWN CITY COUNCIL ENGINEERING GUIDE FOR DEVELOPMENT – 2005

Storm Drainage Design in Small Urban Catchment

Table 6.6
Approximate Values for Coefficient K
Pipes Concurrent or at Right angles
1. Junction Pit with Single Entry/exit Pipes Internal shaping 'Benching" of pits to provide a curved
channel D/2 deep between entry and exit pipes (see
Hare's (1983) research on the hydraulics of single sketch) can reduce Kw values obtained in
entre/exit pits with pipes neither concurrent nor meeting >45 situations from 2.5 ti about 1.5 (Archer et al 1978).
at 90 degrees, shows that the pit water level headloss It appears to make no significant improvement in
coefficient, Kw, which should be applied to the hydraulic >45 situations. Smaller findings are reported in Dick
grade line at these structures independent on two main and Marsalek (1985).
factors:

(i) the location of the entry pipe centreline

(produced) intersection with pit walls: and

(ii) the magnitude of gutter flow, Qg.

For deviation angle. < 45 :

Examples

2. Drop Junction Pits

It is often necessary in steep terrain or when an existing

service (water main, electricity cable, etc.) must be
For deviation angle. >45 : avoided to construct junction pit entry and exit pipes at
significantly different levels. Unpublished research by
Examples: Black and Piggot (QIT) and Logan City Council (1983)
suggests the following values for the pit water level
headloss coefficient Kw:

<45 situation:

rectangular pits Kw = 2.0:

circular pits, Kw = 1.5

Kw values recommended are: >45 situations:

<45 : - Kw = 0.5 for Qg = 0 or small quantity: rectangular pits. Kw = 2.5

circular pits Kw = 2.0
Kw = 1.5 for Qg Qo/2
Use of these values of Kw is restricted to installations in
>45 : - Kw = 2.5 (with or without gutter flow) which both pipe obverts (entry and exit) are submerged
under design flow conditions AND there is no gutter
Research suggests that hydraulic shaping of pits to assist flow. It is considered unlikely that gutter flow, if present
the passage of flow from entry to exit can be effective. will affect the listed values of Kw but this is presently
unresearched.
Pit dimensions small pits, generally result in smaller
headlosses than large pits. Some designers prefer to break vertical alignment and
introduce a short length of steeply sloping pipe (slope,
Circular pits results of unpublished research by R.G. say, 1 vertical to 4 horizontal), if necessary, in preference
Black and T.L. Piggot of Queensland Institute of to using a drop pit. They argue that the headloss thus
Technology, when compared with the results of Hare introduced, although unknown, must be less than that
(1983), show marginally improved performance for occurring at a drop pit. Designers following this practice
circular pits in situations which would otherwise, i.e. are entitled to use slightly reduced values for Kw.
using rectangular pits, fall into the cases considered
above.

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BLACKTOWN CITY COUNCIL ENGINEERING GUIDE FOR DEVELOPMENT – 2005

8. CULVERT DESIGN

Culverts shall be designed in accordance with culvert hydraulics theory i.e. the culvert capacity
is determined by the flow conditions, depending on whether inlet control or outlet control
governs.

Recommended design procedures are contained in Section 3 of the Concrete Pipe Association
of Australia's publication: "Hydraulics of Precast Concrete Conduits - Hydraulic Design
Manual". A suggested tabulation of the design calculations is contained on the following page.

There a number of Computer programmes available for the design of culverts. Council's
Engineer should be consulted regarding the suitability of individual programmes

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BLACKTOWN CITY COUNCIL ENGINEERING GUIDE FOR DEVELOPMENT – 2005

Culvert Type ………………………………………. Job No. ………………………...

Location ………………………………………………………………………………..

Parameter Com. Q1 Q2 Q5 Q10 Q20 Q50 Q100 Comments

Q m3/s
Q/cell m3/s
Q/B m3/s.m
HW/D m Fig. 3.3 or 3.4
Hwi m
A m2
A
R=W P m
Equiv. 4xR R.C.P.=Q/(g.D2.5)0.5
S m/m
V.full m/s Fig.1.8 to 1.11
Q.full m3/s Vf x A
Q/Qf m3/s
Y/D m Fig.1.12 or 1.13
y m Depth of flow
V/Vf Fig.1.12 or 1.13
V.outlet m/s Vf x V/Vf
Dc critical d. Fig.1.14 of 1.15
R.C.B.C. 4.67 (Q/B)2/3
(dc+D)/2
TW m Est. from D/S data
L m
L1 m Fig.3.5 or 3.6
H m " " " "
LxS m Friction loss
HWo m (TW:dc2+D)+ H-LS
Hwi>Hwo? Control: Y=inlet N=Outlet
U/S I.L.

Design by ………………………… Checked …………………………

Approved ………………………… Date ………………………………

Datum …………………………… Plan No. ………………………….

Culvert Control Check. Concrete Pipe Association of Aust. Hydraulic Design Manual.

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9. TRUNK DRAINAGE DESIGN - GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

Release areas or very large infill developments will require the design of trunk drainage
infrastructure. Council's basic philosophy is that natural creek lines and watercourses must
remain largely intact and continue to function as viable ecological systems. Where the
existing riparian environments are largely degraded, Council expects that the trunk drainage
design will address this issue and restore ecological and habitat systems to mimic the natural
condition of Western Sydney creek lines as closely as is practicable.

Council recognises that urbanisation of natural or rural developed catchments will inevitably
alter creek hydrologic and geomorphologic regimes. However, the design of any trunk
drainage system must recognise and address these constraints whilst proposing
solutions/designs that integrate with Water Sensitive Urban Design principles and mimic
natural flow regimes and restore/enhance/maintain the existing riparian environment and
floodplain.

The following information is for general guidance only and does not in any way constitute
the only acceptable approach for trunk drainage design. Council is primarily interested in
superior aesthetic, environmental and recreational outcomes for riparian corridors, which are
a very valuable community resource. Leading edge or innovative trunk drainage design
strategies will be assessed on their merits.

Further information and more detailed technical advice and assistance may be obtained
by contacting Council's Manager - Investigation and Design.

9.1 HYDROLOGY

Flow hydrographs are to be generated by use of an appropriate runoff routing computer

model such as RAFTS-XP, Council's preferred, or other approved equivalent models.
Urbanised peak flow rates in particular and general shape, timing and volume of hydrographs
are to match those for the undeveloped natural catchment as closely as possible for all storm
events. The more frequent creek 'bank full' events such as the 1-2yr ARI storms in particular
must address this requirement. Strategies to achieve such a result may include drainage
swales/bio-swales, rainwater tanks and other stormwater harvesting techniques, OSD and
regional retardation basins and wetlands.

9.2 DESIGN PRINCIPLES

A low maintenance, naturalised, landscaped watercourse and floodplain is Council's

preferred outcome. Hard engineering structures are to be avoided wherever possible in
favour of more natural rock walls, riprap scour protection etc. However, rock outcrops are
not common along Western Sydney creek lines and are only to be used where potential or
existing scouring of creek beds and banks require such measures. Suitable select sandstone is
preferred to igneous rock such as granite, basalt, dolerite etc. and interlocking loose packed
rock walls and riprap is preferred over gabion or mattress type structures. Bridges are
preferred to RCBC's at road crossings and must facilitate the movement of fauna and provide
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BLACKTOWN CITY COUNCIL ENGINEERING GUIDE FOR DEVELOPMENT – 2005

for fish passage where appropriate. Landscaping must reflect indigenous flora representative
of the natural riparian environment of Western Sydney creek lines. The design should aim to
achieve a slow moving, steady flow regime to minimise scouring potential and maximise safety
outcomes. Rock drop structures, incorporating low flow riffle zones, and dense (increasing
floodplain roughness) riparian plantings may help achieve these outcomes on steeper sections
of some watercourses.

9.3 HYDRAULIC ANALYSIS

The floodplain of all natural or constructed watercourses must be hydraulically analysed using
appropriate software such as HEC-RAS. Flood levels and extents for the 5yr, 20yr, 100yr ARI
events and the PMF are to be provided in a digital format suitable for importation to Council's
GIS. Model input data files in electronic format must be provided to Council for checking and
future reference.

9.4 REGIONAL RETARDING BASIN/WETLANDS

On-line retarding basins and/or wetlands are to be avoided whenever possible. Council's
philosophy is that retarding basins, wherever possible, should incorporate a landscaped
wetland, designed with water quality improvements as a primary objective. Grass lined,
generally trapezoidal basins with low flow pipe systems and little landscaping will not be
approved. Basins/wetlands should be designed as a community passive recreational facility as
well as providing an essential flow retarding function. Where saline soils are identified as a
development issue, strategies to minimise the impacts a wetland may have on water tables or
movement of saline groundwater must be explored. This may include, but not limited to, lining
of wetlands or restrictions on cut-fill of the proposed urbanised catchment.

Spillways of basins shall be designed to safely pass extreme storm events without structural
failure of the embankment. Landscape plans must not include placement of deep-rooted trees
or shrubs where roots may promote piping or structural failure of engineered embankments,
should they be uprooted during major storm events. The basin design must be subject to a
detailed risk assessment, for all events up to and including the PMF, where the downstream
floodplain is urbanised. The risk assessment must include an assumption of catastrophic
structural failure; i.e. a dam break scenario.

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10. COMPUTER APPLICATIONS

10.1 COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE PROGRAMS

Council encourages the use of computer models by Professional Civil Engineers for
drainage design. Data input and output files of any program used shall be submitted in
electronic format to Council. Council's Asset design Services Section is familiar with
the following commercially available programs and recommends their use subject to the
comments below. Should Consultants wish to use a program not listed below, then all
costs incurred by Council, associated with the independent assessment of the submitted
drainage modelling, are to be borne by the applicant who is required to make satisfactory
prior arrangements with Council for the payment of all expenses incurred by Council in
its assessment of the drainage submission

* DRAINS: Hydrologic and Hydraulic Urban Catchment model derived from

ILSAX

* RAFTS: Runoff routing model for trunk drainage and retention basin design.
Flow rates should be checked against those calculated by other methods.

* TUFLOW: Two dimensional hydrodynamic flood model

* HEC-RAS: 1-D and 2-D Steady/unsteady flow calculations.

To be used in open channel design and floodplain modelling.

* MUSIC: Water quality conceptualisation model

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10.2 PARAMETERS FOR HYDROLOGICAL MODELS

Parameter Description Value Unit

Ilsax or Drains Models
Rational
Model Model for Design and Analysis run Method
Rational Method Procedure ARR87
Soil Type - Normal 3.0
Paved (Impervious) Area Depression Storage 1 mm
Supplementary Area Depression Storage 1 mm
Grassed (Pervious) Area Depression Storage 5 mm
AMC Antecedent Moisture Condition (ARI = 1-5 years) 2.5
AMC Antecedent Moisture Condition (ARI = 10-20 years) 3.0
AMC Antecedent Moisture Condition (ARI = 50-100 years) 3.5
Sag Pit Blocking Factor (Minor systems) 0
0 = No
On Grade Pit Blocking Factor (Minor Systems) 0
Blockage
Sag Pit Blocking Factor (Major systems) 0.5
On Grade Pit Blocking Factor (Major Systems) 0.2
Inlet Pit Capacity (see figures 4.1-4.5)
Rafts XP Models
CAPIMP Capacity of Impervious Area Storage 1.5 Mm
ISC Interception Storage Capacity 1.5 Mm
DSC Depression Storage Capacity 5 Mm
USC Capacity – Upper Soil Zone Storage 25 mm
LSC Capacity – Lower Soil Zone Storage 100 mm
UH Maximum Potential Evapotranspiration from Upper Soil Zone 10 mm/day
LH Maximum Potential Evapotranspiration from Lower Soil Zone 10 mm/day
ER Proportion of Evapotranspiration from USC 0.7
IDS Initial Impervious Area Storage 0.5 mm
IS Initial Interception Storage 0.5 mm
DS Initial Depression Storage (pervious) 0 mm
US Initial Upper Soil Zone Storage 20 mm
LS Initial Lower Soil Zone Storage 80 mm
GS Initial Groundwater Storage 0 mm
GN Groundwater Recession Factor 1 mm
SO Sorptivity of Dry Soil 3.0 mm/min-0.5
Ko Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity 0.33 mm/min
LDF Lower Soil Drainage Factor 0.05
KG Constant Rate Groundwater Recession Factor 0.94
ECOR Rate of Potential Evaporation from “A” Class Pan 0.70
IAR Proportion of Rainfall intercepted by Vegetation 0.70

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REFERENCES

1. ARGUE, J. (1986) "Storm Drainage Design in Small Urban Catchments" Special Report
No 34. Australian Road and Research Board.

2. BOYD, M.J. "Generalised Head-Discharge Equations for Culverts". Fourth National

Local Government Engineering Conference, Perth, 17-20 August, 1987. Pages 161 - 165.

3. CONCRETE PIPE ASSOCIATION OF AUSTRALIA "Hydraulics of Precast Concrete

Conduits - Hydraulic Design Manual"

4. DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT AND PLANNING (1982) Local Government

Circular No 31.

5. DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING (1987); "Road Manual".

6. DEPARTMENT OF MAIN ROADS NSW (1979) "Model Analysis to Determine

Hydraulic Capacities of Kerb Inlets and Gully Pit Gratings."

7. HARE, C. "Magnitude of Hydraulic Losses at Junctions in Piped Drainage Systems"

Conference on Hydraulics in Civil Engineering, 1981. I.E.A. 12-13 Oct, 1981, Pub. 81/12.

8. INSTITUTION OF ENGINEERS AUSTRALIA (1998) "Australian Rainfall and Runoff"

Volume 1 - A guide to Flood Estimation.

9. NICHOLS, P.S. & GRIFFIN, P.L "Modern Methods of Urban Drainage." Hydrology &
Water Resources Symposium, Hobart, 8th-10th November, 1983.

10. "Preliminary Survey of the Hydraulics of Gully Pits". Manly Hydraulics Laboratory.
Report No. 263, July, 1980

11. SANGSTER, W.M.; WOOD, H.W.; SMERDON, E.T.; BOSSEY, H.G.; "Pressure
Changes at Storm Drain Junctions - Design Methods". Engineering Series Bulletin No. 41.
University of Missouri.

12. Landcom's "Managing Urban Stormwater - Soils and Construction - Volume 1" 4th Edition
(2004).

13. SUTHERLAND SHIRE COUNCIL (1983) "Urban Drainage Design Manual"

14. HYDRAULIC MODEL TESTING OF GULLY PITS (May, 1984); Grate efficiency
analysis for C.I. & D. Cast Iron Products by the West Australian Institute of Technology.
(unpub.)
15. WOLLONGONG CITY COUNCIL (1984) "Stormwater Drainage - Hydraulic Design of
Underground Pipe Networks

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APPENDIX E

BOND DOCUMENTS
FORMAT & INSTRUCTIONS

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APPENDIX E

SECURITY FOR OUTSTANDING WORKS

INSTRUCTIONS FOR APPLICANTS

The following matters must be done by the Applicant before returning the enclosed Deeds of
Agreement to Council with a Bank Guarantee or Cash Deposit.

A. DEEDS OF AGREEMENT

1. Complete the date of the Deed on the First Schedule.

2. Complete the name and address of the Developer on the Second Schedule.
3. Cross out which is not applicable on the Fourth Schedule, ie. Bank Guarantee
or Cash Deposit.
4. Stamp the Common Seal of the Developer at Seals and Signatures Part A on
the Deed.
5. Where the Applicant is an individual, not a company, Part B of the Seals and
Signatures must be completed.
6. The Applicant's name on the Deed of Agreement and Company Seal (if
applicable) must be exactly the same as the name on the Bank Guarantee.
7. Where a company seal is stamped on the Deed, the Secretary cannot sign the
Deed, it must be signed by legally authorised persons and documentary
evidence of that authority must be returned to Council with the Deeds and
Bank Guarantee(s).

B. BANK GUARANTEE

1. Customer name must be exactly as the Applicant name on the Deed of

Agreement.
2. No expiry date is to be shown on the Bank Guarantee.
3. Council will accept guarantees and performance bonds from accredited banks
and organisations with a minimum credit rating of "A" from Standard and
Poors or "A2" from Moodys, rating agency.

C. CASH SECURITY

1. Cash deposits can be paid to Council using cash or Bank Cheque. Personal or
Company Cheques will only be accepted for amounts of $10,000 or less.

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SECURITY FOR OUTSTANDING WORKS

DEED OF AGREEMENT
By this Deed made on the date shown in the First Schedule between the person whose name
and address are set out in the Second Schedule ("the Applicant") of the one part
BLACKTOWN CITY COUNCIL of Flushcombe Road, Blacktown ("the Council") of the
other part it is witnessed that:

1. The Applicant will carry out and complete the works required to satisfy the Notice/s of
Determination held on Council files shown in Part 1 of the Third Schedule and
described in Part 2 of the Third Schedule ("the Works") to the satisfaction of Council by
the date set out in Part 3 of the Third Schedule or by any extended date fixed by the
Council in writing ("the Completion Date").

2. The Applicant will upon the execution of this deed pay or provide the security
stipulated in the Fourth Schedule ("the Security") for the performance of its obligations
under clause 1.

3. The Council may request the Applicant in writing to delay the execution of the Works
or any part of the Works to a date or any extended date fixed by the Council and the
Applicant must comply with any such request.

4. If the Applicant fails to comply with its obligations under clause 1 the Council may call
in the Security and use it to carry out or complete the Works and for this purpose the
Council may enter upon the land whereon the Works are or are to be situated.

5. (a) A certificate signed by the General Manager or other authorised employees and
given to the Applicant as to the cost to the Council of carrying out or completing
the Works shall be conclusive.
(b) The cost to the Council of completing the Works, and of any other uncompleted
works treated as part of the Works pursuant to Clause 8, shall include, but not be
limited to:
(i) All fees and charges necessarily or reasonably incurred by the Council in
order to have the Works carried out and completed properly and
expeditiously;
(ii) The reasonable cost to the Council of any supervision of the Works
which exceeds the supervision normally undertaken by the Council in
relation to work of a similar nature; and
(iii) Without limiting the generality of paragraph (i) all legal costs and
expenses reasonably incurred by the Council by reason of the Applicant's
failure to complete the Works, or of the calling in or expenditure of
money under this deed or generally in the carrying out of the Council's
powers and duties under this deed.

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6. If the cost of completing the Works as certified is greater than the total amount of
money held by or available to the Council under this deed, then the Applicant will pay
to the Council the amount of that deficiency; and failing payment of the same forthwith,
the Council may recover that amount from the Applicant as a liquidated sum due and
owing by him to the Council.

7. Subject to clause 8, the Security, or so much of it as has not been used in accordance
with clause 4, shall be returned or refunded to the Applicant within 30 days of
completion of the Works.

8. The Council shall not be obliged to comply with its obligations under clause 7 if at the
time of completion of the Works the Applicant has not carried out his obligations under
any contract or deed between him and the Council in similar terms to this deed relating
to the development to which the Works relate, or to any other development. In that
event, the Council shall be entitled to retain any money or guarantees held by it under
this deed until all such obligations have been completed to the satisfaction of the
Council and to apply, call in and deal with the same as if such obligations were part of
the Works.

9. Any notice, certificate or request required or permitted to be given this deed shall be
sufficiently served or given if:

(a) Delivered personally to the recipient;

(b) Delivered or posted by ordinary pre-paid post to the address of the recipient set
out in this deed or last known to the party serving or giving the same and shall
be deemed to be received:
(i) If delivered, at the time of delivery;
(ii) If posted, on the fourth day following the date of posting;
(c) Sent by facsimile transmission and shall be deemed to have been received when
transmission has been completed unless:
(i) The sender's machine indicates a malfunction in transmission or the
recipient immediately notifies the sender that transmission is incomplete,
when such notice or request shall be deemed not to have been served or
given; or
(ii) Transmission is effected after a time which is 1700 hours at the place of
which the transmission is sent, when such notice or request shall be
deemed to be been received at 900 hours on the next day on which
business is generally carried on at that place.

10. In the interpretation of this deed, unless the context otherwise requires:

(a) Words importing the singular include the plural and vice versa;
(b) Words importing any gender include any other gender and in particular a
reference to a "person" includes a corporation;
(c) Covenants given, obligations assumed, by more than one party shall bind those
parties and each of them jointly and severally.
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THE FIRST SCHEDULE

The Date of the Deed: , 20

(Applicant to complete)
THE SECOND SCHEDULE

The Applicant: Name:

Address:
(Applicant to complete)

THE THIRD SCHEDULE

Part 1 - The Files:

Part 2 - The Works:
Part 3 - The Completion Date:

THE FOURTH SCHEDULE

The Security: * Cash Deposit/* Bank Guarantee in the sum of $

(* Applicant to delete whichever does not apply)

SEALS AND SIGNATURES

Companies only complete Part A, others complete Part B.

A) THE COMMON SEAL of ____________________ )

_______________________________________________ )
as hereunto affixed in accordance with its )
articles of association and in the presence of: )
_____________________ _______________
Secretary Director

B) SIGNED SEALED AND DELIVERED by the said ) _______________

_______________________ in the presence of: ) Owner
(Name of Owner) )
_______________________ ) _______________
(Name of Witness) ) Witness

THE COMMON SEAL OF BLACKTOWN CITY )

COUNCIL was hereunto affixed this ) ______________
day of , 20 pursuant ) Mayor
to a resolution of Council passed at its Ordinary )
Meeting of , 20 . ) _______________
General Manager

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APPENDIX F

STANDARD RECITAL FOR

TERMS OF
EASEMENTS, COVENANTS
& RESTRICTIONS

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APPENDIX F

STANDARD RECITAL FOR

TERMS OF EASEMENTS, COVENANTS AND RESTRICTIONS
COMMONLY IMPOSED BY INSTRUMENT UNDER SECTION 88B
OF THE CONVEYANCING ACT, 1919 AS AMENDED

Revised: FEBRUARY 2005

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STANDARD RECITAL FOR

TERMS OF EASEMENTS, COVENANTS AND RESTRICTIONS
COMMONLY IMPOSED BY INSTRUMENT UNDER SECTION 88B
OF THE CONVEYANCING ACT, 1919 AS AMENDED

ORIGINAL VERSION
PREPARED BY: PROUST & GARDNER
CONSULTING SURVEYORS & PLANNERS
406 PACIFIC HIGHWAY
LINDFIELD NSW 2070

IN CONSULTATION WITH
AND REVISED BY: BLACKTOWN CITY COUNCIL'S
DEVELOPMENT SERVICES UNIT

Revised: FEBRUARY 2005

(principally Sections A and B.3)

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CONTENTS:

A. GENERAL USE TERMS

1. Easements under the Conveyancing Act 1919
● in gross
● benefiting a lot
2. Easements in gross (Amendment Act 1995)
3. Easements benefiting a lot (Amendment Act 1995)
4. Positive covenants for maintenance & repair
5. Cross easements for Party Walls

B. SPECIFIC USE TERMS

1. Easements
● Easement for Batter (Road below burdened land)
● Easement for Batter (Road above burdened land)
● Easement for access and maintenance
● Temporary Right of Carriageway
● Right of Carriageway (with optional additions)

2. Restrictions on Use of Land

● Filled lots
● Further Development per Development Consent
● Fencing responsibility
● Access Prohibited
● Residue lot: 2 types
● Uncompleted Vehicular Footway and/or Gutter (Layback)
Crossings
● On-site Stormwater Detention: for constructed and
deferred works
● Overland Flowpath
● Stormwater Quality Improvement Device
● Floor Level

3. Positive Covenants
● On-site Stormwater Detention
● Overland Flowpath
● Stormwater Quality Improvement Device
● Maintenance & Repair of Shared Access

C. INTEGRAL ENERGY AUSTRALIA RECITALS

D. SCHEDULES 4A & 8 OF THE CONVEYANCING ACT 1919 AND THE

PROPERTY LEGISLATION AMENDMENT (EASEMENTS) ACT 1995

● Terms of Easements, etc., in gross - e.g. - benefiting Council

(Schedule 4A, Parts 1-11 Conveyancing Act)
● Terms of Easements, etc., benefiting Lots
(Schedule 8, Parts 1-14 Conveyancing Act)

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TERMS OF EASEMENTS, COVENANTS AND RESTRICTIONS

THAT CAN BE INCORPORATED IN AN INSTRUMENT UNDER
SECTION 88B OF THE CONVEYANCING ACT, 1919 AS AMENDED

A. GENERAL USE TERMS

The Conveyancing Act 1919 has been amended by the Property Legislation
Amendment (Easements) Act 1995 which commenced on 1 August 1996. Parts of the
Acts that affect easement terms are as follows:

1. The easements under the Conveyancing Act 1919 are:

Easements in Gross

● Right of Carriageway (Schedule 4A Part 1)

● Right of Footway (Schedule 4A Part 2)
● Easement to Drain Water (Schedule 4A Part 3)
● Easement to Drain Sewage (Schedule 4A Part 4)

Easements benefiting a lot

● Right of Carriageway (Schedule 8 Part 1)

● Right of Footway (Schedule 8 Part 2)
● Easement to Drain Water (Schedule 8 Part 3)
● Easement to Drain Sewage (Schedule 8 Part 4)

These easements have not been repealed and can be used, the terms of which
are deemed to be incorporated in the Instrument (see Schedules 4A and 8,
Parts 1-4) and variations thereof by addition, exception, qualification or
omission is now permitted.

2. The Amendment Act 1995 provides for 7 additional Easements in Gross

(easements without a dominant tenement, e.g. Blacktown City Council) of the
following kind which do not require description in Part 2 of an Instrument:

● Easement for Repairs (Schedule 4A Part 5)

● Easement for Drainage of Sewage (Schedule 4A Part 6)
● Easement for Drainage of Water (Schedule 4A Part 7)
● Easement for Electricity Purposes (Schedule 4A Part 8)
● Easement for Services (Schedule 4A Part 9)
● Easement for Water Supply (Schedule 4A Part 10)
● Right of Access (Schedule 4A Part 11)

The terms of the abovementioned easements (see Schedule 4A Parts 5-11) are
deemed to be incorporated in the Instrument and variations thereof by
addition, exception qualification or omission is now permitted.
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3. The Amendment Act 1995 provides for terms of 10 additional easements that
benefit a lot. These easements do not require description in Part 2 of an
Instrument.

● Easement for Repairs (Schedule 8 Part 5)

● Easement for Batter (Schedule 8 Part 6)
● Easement for Drainage of Sewage (Schedule 8 Part 7)
● Easement for Drainage of Water (Schedule 8 Part 8)
● Easement for Electricity purposes (Schedule 8 Part 9)
● Easement for Overhang (Schedule 8 Part 10)
● Easement for Services (Schedule 8 Part 11)
● Easement for Water Supply (Schedule 8 Part 12)
● Easement to permit encroaching (Schedule 8 Part 13)
Structure to remain
● Right of Access (Schedule 8 Part 14)

The terms of the abovementioned easements (see Schedule 8 Parts 5-14) are
deemed to be incorporated in the Instrument and variations thereof by
addition, exception, qualification or omission is now permitted.

4. The Amendment Act 1995 also provides for Positive Covenants for
Maintenance and Repair to be created over the site of an easement (or shared
accessway), or to benefit the site of an easement (or shared accessway). Lots
can now be burdened and benefited with a covenant which affects the owners
from time to time. The terms of the covenant can state that the registered
proprietors for the time being of the lots must maintain the site of the easement
(or shared accessway), or structure within it, and must share costs in some
proportion relating to the maintenance (see page B-11 for example).

5. The Amendment Act 1995 also provides for the creation of Cross Easements
for Party Walls automatically under a new Section 88BB of the Conveyancing
Act. The plan must show a boundary passing through the whole or part of a
wall and the wall is identified as a "Party Wall". No other information is
required for this automatic process.

Whilst the terms of the easements, etc., mentioned in Sections 1, 2 and 3 do not have
to be recited in Part 2 of any relevant 88B instrument (since their title in Part 1 will
impart the standard terms unless otherwise stated), their recitals are nevertheless
included in this document at Section D.

All terms of easements, covenants and restrictions shall have a clause referring
to the relevant authority e.g. Blacktown City Council, Sydney Water, Integral
Energy etc, as having the power to "release, vary or modify" those terms.

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B. SPECIFIC USE TERMS

Selected easements, restrictions and positive covenants relating to the specific

requirements of Blacktown City Council that are not included in Schedules 4A and 8
of the Conveyancing Act are as follows:
1. EASEMENTS

Easement for Batter and Support (Road below burdened land)

Full and free right for the body in whose favour this easement is created and
every person authorised by it from time to time and at all times thereafter to
enter go upon return pass and repass with or without vehicles in through along
and over the burdened lot and to use the burdened lot for the purpose of
placing thereon all such earth soil cement sand clay and other material or the
removal therefrom all such earth soil clay and other material as shall in the
opinion of the Council of the City of Blacktown be necessary or desirable for
the purpose of constructing reconstructing and forever maintaining on the
burdened lot a batter to serve as a support for the said land burdened and to do
all such incidental acts and things that may be necessary in the premises for
the purpose of constructing maintaining repairing altering or doing any work
on the land comprised in the said easement and for all or any of the said
purpose to remove and re-erect any fences or other posts on the land
comprised in the said easement.

Easement for Batter and Support (Road above burdened land)

Easement for support of the soil in # Road and in the lots benefited as
weighted with any improvements which the Council of the City of Blacktown
in the case of such road and the proprietor for the time being in the case of the
lots benefited may from time to time see fit to erect or allow to be erected
thereon or which may be erected thereon under any statutory authority with
full and free power, liberty, licence and authority from time to time and at all
times hereafter to the said Council and to every person authorised by it to enter
upon go return pass and repass through along and over the burdened lot with
officers and/or servants and/or workmen of the said Council or of any such
person authorised by it as aforesaid and with or without vehicles and to use the
burdened lot for the purpose of placing thereon all such earth soil cement clay
sand stones and rock and other materials as shall be necessary or desirable for
the purpose of constructing reconstructing altering maintaining and repairing
on the burdened lot a batter to serve as a support for the surface subsoil and
undersurface of the said road and lots benefits by this easement including all
improvements thereon and do all such other incidental acts and things as may
be necessary in the premises to enable the aforesaid purposes to be carried out
and for all or any of the said purposes to pull down and re-erect any fences or
other posts on the burdened lot and the burdened lot shall not be used or be
permitted to be used in any manner or for any purpose which may affect or
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have a tendency to affect the stability of the said batter as a support for the
said road and lots benefited as aforesaid or which may injure or damage the
said batter or in any way impair its efficiency and if the proprietor for the time
being of the burdened lot should do or suffer to be done any act or thing which
may in any way injure damage or impair the said batter he shall be liable at his
own expense to properly and substantially repair and make good all such
injury and damage. Where herein used, words importing the singular number
or plural number shall include the plural and singular number respectively and
words importing the masculine gender shall include the feminine or neuter
gender.

Easement for Access and Maintenance

The proprietor of the lot benefited and persons authorised by him may:

(a) enter upon the burdened lot but only within the site of this easement.
(b) do anything reasonably necessary for the purpose of renewing,
replacing, painting, repairing and maintaining the dwelling adjacent to
this easement.
(c) remain on the site of this easement for any reasonable time for the said
purposes.

In exercising those powers the proprietor of the lot benefited must:

(a) cause as little inconvenience to the proprietor or occupier of the

burdened lot and
(b) cause as little damage as possible to the burdened lot and
(c) restore as nearly as is practicable the burdened lot to its former
condition and

the proprietor of the burdened lot shall not erect any building or other structure
of any kind on or over the site of the easement.

Temporary Right of Carriageway

The proprietor of the benefited lot and every person authorised by him may
go, pass and repass at all times and for all purposes with or without animals or
vehicles or both to or from the site of the easement provided that this right of
carriageway is a temporary right.

Council will raise no objection to the extinguishing of this Right of

Carriageway upon construction and dedication of a public road providing
vehicular access to the benefited lot.

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Right of Carriageway (with Optional additions)

Terms of Right of Carriageway as per Schedule 8 of the Conveyancing Act

1919 as amended together with the following addition:
"Provided that the registered proprietors for the time being of the benefited
lots and all persons authorised by him will:

(a) not exceed a speed of 20 kph whilst driving a vehicle over the site of
this easement.
(b) not drive a vehicle of Tare weight in excess of ( )kg over the site of
this easement.
(c) not park a vehicle or leave a vehicle standing or otherwise allow an
obstruction to remain on the site of this easement."

2. RESTRICTIONS ON THE USE OF LAND

Filled Lots

No building shall be erected on the lot hereby burdened being a filled lot
unless constructed on pier and beam footings to safe and uniform strata or
alternatively on footings or slab designed and certified by a Chartered
Professional Engineer to the requirements and satisfaction of the Council of
the City of Blacktown.

Further Development per Development Consent

No development shall be permitted on the lot hereby burdened unless it is to

be developed in accordance with the development consent having Notice of
Determination No. # issued by the Council of the City of Blacktown on #
(insert date).

Council will raise no objection to the extinguishing of this restriction in

respect of a lot hereby burdened when development is completed on that lot in
accordance with Determination No. # dated #.

Fencing Responsibility

(a) No fence shall be erected on the common boundary of the burdened

lots and the adjoining public reserve/drainage reserve without the
consent of the Council of the City of Blacktown. Such consent shall
not be withheld, however, if such fence is erected without expense to
the Council of the City of Blacktown.
(b) The restriction shall remain in force only during such times as the
Council of the City of Blacktown is the registered proprietor of the
land immediately adjoining the burdened lots and shall bind all
successive owners and assigns of each lot burdened.
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Access Prohibited

The burdened lot shall not be used nor shall any part thereof be used as a
means of vehicular or pedestrian access or route to or from any part of #
(insert road name) and no owner of such a lot shall pass or repass nor shall
that owner permit or authorise any of his employees visitors or authorised
persons to pass or repass across the boundary between (insert road name) and
the burdened lot without consent of the Council of the City of Blacktown
(which consent may at any time be revoked by the said Council at its absolute
discretion).

Residue Lot: 2 types

1. Requiring development with adjoining land:

The burdened lot shall not be further developed unless it is developed and/or
resubdivided with adjoining land to the satisfaction of the Council of the City
of Blacktown.

2. Independent redevelopment allowable:

No further development of the lot burdened is to take place unless it is

approved by Development Consent. Such approval is likely to require, but not
be restricted to, construction of road and drainage works, the provision of lot
fill and the payment of Section 94 Contributions.

Uncompleted Vehicular Footway and/or Gutter (Layback) Crossings

No building shall be occupied on any hereby burdened lot unless the vehicular
footway and gutter crossing serving that lot is constructed to Council's
specification in accordance with development consent having Notice of
Determination No. # issued by the Council of the City of Blacktown on #.

Council will raise no objection to the extinguishing of this restriction in

respect of a lot hereby burdened when the vehicular footway and gutter
crossing is completed in accordance with Notice of Determination No. # dated
#, and has obtained a final inspection clearance from Council.

On-Site Stormwater Detention

1. For constructed works

The registered proprietor(s) covenant as follows with the Authority benefited

in respect to the on-site stormwater detention system (hereinafter referred to as
"the system") constructed on the burdened lot(s) that they will not, without the
prior and express written consent of the Authority benefited:
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(a) Do any act, matter or thing which would prevent the system from
operating in a safe and efficient manner.
(b) Make or permit or suffer the making of any alterations or additions to
the system.
(c) Allow any development within the meaning of the Environmental
Planning and Assessment Act 1979 to encroach upon the system.

This restriction shall bind all persons who are or claim under the registered
proprietor(s) as stipulated in Section 88E(5) of the Conveyancing Act 1919.

For the purposes of this restriction, "the system" means the on-site stormwater
detention system constructed on the land as detailed on the plans approved by
………. as Construction Certificate No. ………. on ………., including all
ancillary gutters, pipes, drains, walls, kerbs, pits, grates, tanks, chambers,
basins and surfaces designed to temporarily detain stormwater, as well as all
surfaces graded to direct stormwater to the temporary storage. (Include the
following for Private CC's only) A copy of this Construction Certificate is
held on Council File No. …..

2. For deferred works

This following version is only used when construction of the OSD system is
being deferred, which will only be permitted by Council in exceptional
circumstances.

"The registered proprietor shall not erect or suffer the erection of any dwelling
house or other structure on the lot(s) hereby burdened unless the registered
proprietor has first constructed or has made provision for the construction of
an on-site stormwater detention system on the said lot(s), in accordance with
the design, construction and/or provision requirements of, and to the
satisfaction of Blacktown City Council.

The expression "on-site stormwater detention system" shall include all

ancillary gutters, pipes, drains, walls, kerbs, pits, grates, tanks, chambers,
basins and surfaces designed to temporarily detain stormwater as well as all
surfaces graded to direct stormwater to the temporary storage."

Overland Flowpath

1. The registered proprietor(s) covenant as follows with the Authority

benefited in respect to the overland flowpath constructed on the
burdened lot(s) that they will not, without the prior and express written
consent of the Authority benefited:

(a) Do any act, matter or thing which would prevent the overland
flowpath from operating in a safe and efficient manner.
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(b) Make or permit or suffer the making of any alterations or

additions to the overland flowpath.
(c) Allow any development within the meaning of the
Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979 to encroach
upon the overland flowpath.
2. Any boundary or internal fencing that crosses the overland flowpath is
to be open mesh style within 500mm of finished ground level, with the
mesh openings designed to provide a minimum 80% clear area. The
underside of the fencing shall provide a minimum clear opening of
…..mm to ground level.

This restriction shall bind all persons who are or claim under the registered
proprietor(s) as stipulated in Section 88E(5) of the Conveyancing Act 1919.

For the purposes of this restriction "overland flowpath" means the works
constructed on the land (including all access pavements, pipes, drains, kerbs,
pits, grates and surfaces designed to convey stormwater through the site)
shown on plans approved by ………. as Construction Certificate No. ……….
on ………. and contained within the aforementioned Easement to Drain Water
variable width/…..m wide. (Include the following for Private CC's only) A
copy of this Construction Certificate is held on Council File No. …..

Stormwater Quality Improvement Device

The registered proprietor(s) covenant as follows with the Authority benefited
in respect to the Stormwater Quality Improvement Device (hereinafter referred
to as "the device") constructed and/or installed on the burdened lot(s) that they
will not, without the prior and express written consent of the Authority
benefited:

1. Do any act, matter or thing which would prevent the device from
operating in a safe and efficient manner.
2. Make or permit or suffer the making of any alterations or additions to
the device.
3. Allow any development within the meaning of the Environmental
Planning and Assessment Act 1979 to encroach upon the device.

This restriction shall bind all persons who are or claim under the registered
proprietor(s) as stipulated in Section 88E(5) of the Conveyancing Act 1919.

For the purpose of this restriction, "the device" means the ………. (e.g.
"Humeceptor") stormwater quality improvement device constructed and/or
installed on the land as detailed on the plans approved by ………. as
Construction Certificate No. ………. on ………., including all ancillary
gutters, pipes, drains, walls, kerbs, pits, grates, tanks, chambers, basins and
surfaces designed to treat stormwater, as well as all surfaces graded to direct
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stormwater t o t he d evice. (Include the following for Private CC's only) A

copy of this Construction Certificate is held on Council File No. …..

Floor Level

The floor level of any building erected on the burdened lot shall be a minimum
of ….. metres above the designed 1% Annual Exceedance Probability top
water level in the overland flowpath/open channel/ drainage easement (delete
where non applicable) on lot …../within the site.

3. POSITIVE COVENANTS

On-Site Stormwater Detention

1. The registered proprietor(s) covenant as follows with the Authority

benefited in respect to the on-site stormwater detention system
(hereinafter referred to as " the system") constructed on the burdened
lot(s), that they will:

(a) Keep the system clean and free from silt, rubbish and debris.
(b) Maintain and repair at the sole expense of the registered
proprietor(s) that part of the system contained within the
registered proprietor's own lot, so that it functions in a safe and
efficient manner, in accordance with the "On-Site Detention
Maintenance Schedule" as approved by ………. on ………., a
copy of which is attached, and also held on Council File
……….. A copy of this Schedule is available to all owners and
occupiers of the burdened lot(s).
(c) For the purpose of ensuring observance of this covenant, permit
Blacktown City Council or its authorised agents (hereinafter
referred to as "the Council") from time to time and upon giving
reasonable notice (but at any time and without notice in the
case of an emergency) to enter the land and inspect the
condition of the system and the state of construction,
maintenance or r epair of t he s ystem, f or c ompliance w ith t he
requirements of this covenant.
(d) Comply with the terms of any written notice issued by the
Council to attend to any matter and carry out such work within
the time stated in the notice, to ensure the proper and efficient
performance of the system and to that extent Section 88F(2)(a)
of t he C onveyancing A ct 1919 ( hereinafter r eferred t o a s " the
Act") is hereby agreed to be amended accordingly.
(e) Notify Council after each programmed maintenance inspection.

2. Pursuant to Section 88F (3) of the Act the Council shall have the
following additional powers pursuant to this covenant:
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(a) In the event that the registered proprietor fails to comply with
the terms of any written notice issued by the Council as set out
above, the Council may enter the land with all necessary
equipment and carry out any work considered by Council to be
reasonable to comply with the said notice referred to in 1(d)
above.
(b) The Council may recover from the registered proprietor in a
court of competent jurisdiction:

I. Any expense reasonably incurred by it in exercising its

powers in sub-paragraph 2(a) above. Such expense
shall include reasonable wages for employees engaged
in effecting, supervising and administering the said
work, together with costs, reasonably estimated by
Council, for the use of materials, machinery, tools and
equipment used in conjunction with the said work.
II. Legal costs on an indemnity basis for issues of the said
notices and recovery of the said costs and expenses
together with the costs, charges, and expenses of
registration of a covenant charge pursuant to Section
88F of the Act or providing any certificate required
pursuant to Section 88G of the Act or obtaining any
injunction pursuant to Section 88H of the Act.

3. This covenant shall bind all persons who are or claim under the
registered proprietor(s) as stipulated in Section 88E(5) of the Act.
For the purposes of this covenant, "the system" means the on-site stormwater
detention system constructed on the land as detailed on the plans approved by
………. as Construction Certificate No. ………. on ………., including all
ancillary gutters, pipes, drains, walls, kerbs, pits, grates, tanks, chambers,
basins and surfaces designed to temporarily detain stormwater, as well as all
surfaces graded to direct stormwater to the temporary storage. (Include the
following for Private CC's only) A copy of this Construction Certificate is
held on Council File No. …..

Overland Flowpath

1. The registered proprietor(s) covenant as follows with the Authority

benefited in respect to the overland flowpath constructed on the
burdened lot(s) that they will:

(a) Keep the overland flowpath clean and free from silt, rubbish
and debris.
(b) Maintain and repair at the sole expense of the registered
proprietor(s) that part of the overland flowpath contained
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within the registered proprietor's own lot, so that it functions in

a safe and efficient manner.
(c) For the purpose of ensuring observance of this covenant, permit
Blacktown City Council or its authorised agents (hereinafter
referred to as "the Council") from time to time and upon giving
reasonable notice (but at any time and without notice in the
case of an emergency) to enter the land and inspect the
condition of the system and the state of construction,
maintenance or repair of the system, for compliance with the
requirements of this covenant.
(d) Comply with the terms of any written notice issued by the
Council to attend to any matter and carry out such work within
the time stated in the notice, to ensure the proper and efficient
performance of the system and to that extent Section 88F(2)(a)
of the Conveyancing Act 1919 (hereinafter referred to as "the
Act") is hereby agreed to be amended accordingly.
2. Pursuant to Section 88F(3) of the Act the Council shall have the
following additional powers pursuant to this covenant:
(a) In the event that the registered proprietor fails to comply with
the terms of any written notice issued by the Council as set out
above, the Council may enter the land with all necessary
equipment and carry out any work considered by Council to be
reasonable to comply with the said notice referred to in 1(d)
above.
(b) The Council may recover from the registered proprietor in a
court of competent jurisdiction:

I. Any expense reasonably incurred by it in exercising its

powers in sub-paragraph 2(a) above. Such expense
shall include reasonable wages for employees engaged
in effecting, supervising and administering the said
work, together with costs, reasonably estimated by
Council, for the use of materials, machinery, tools and
equipment used in conjunction with the said work.
II. Legal costs on an indemnity basis for issue of the said
notices and recovery of the said costs and expenses
together with the costs, charges, and expenses of
registration of a covenant charge pursuant to Section
88F of the Act or providing any certificate required
pursuant to Section 88G of the Act or obtaining any
injunction pursuant to Section 88H of the Act.

3. This covenant shall bind all persons who are or claim under the
registered proprietors as stipulated in Section 88E(5) of the Act.

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For the purposes of this covenant, "overland flowpath" means the works
constructed on the land (including all access pavements, pipes, drains, kerbs,
pits, grates and surfaces designed to convey stormwater through the site)
shown on plans approved by ………. as Construction Certificate No. ……….
on ………. and contained within the aforementioned Easement to Drain Water
variable width/…..m wide. (Include the following for Private CC's only) A
copy of this Construction Certificate is held on Council File No. …..

Stormwater Quality Improvement Device

1. The registered proprietor(s) covenant as follows with the Authority
benefited in respect to the Stormwater Quality Improvement Device
(hereinafter referred to as "the device") constructed and/or installed on
the burdened lot(s), that they will:

(a) Keep the device clean and free from silt, rubbish and debris
(b) Maintain and repair the device at the sole expense of the
registered proprietor(s), so that it functions in a safe and
efficient manner, in accordance with the manufacturer's
recommended requirements and/or the "Maintenance Schedule"
prepared by ………. on ………., a copy of which is held on
Council File ……….. A copy of this Schedule is available to
all owners and occupiers of the burdened lot(s).
(c) For the purpose of ensuring observance of this covenant, permit
Blacktown City Council or its authorised agents (hereinafter
referred to as "the Council") from time to time and upon giving
reasonable notice (but at any time and without notice in the
case of an emergency) to enter the land and inspect the
condition of the device and the state of construction,
maintenance or repair of the device, for compliance with the
requirements of this covenant.
(d) Provide to the Council each year on or before 1 September
an annual maintenance report ("Report") outlining all
maintenance undertaken on the Device in accordance with the
Maintenance Schedule or industry best practice. Copies are to
be provided with the Report of all cleaning reports and tipping
dockets to demonstrate that all material removed was disposed
of in an approved manner.
(e) Comply with the terms of any written notice issued by the
Council to attend to any matter and carry out such work within
the time stated in the notice, to ensure the proper and efficient
performance of the device and to that extent Section 88F(2)(a)
of the Conveyancing Act 1919 (hereinafter referred to as "the
Act") is hereby agreed to be amended accordingly.

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2. Pursuant to Section 88F(3) of the Act the Council shall have the
following additional powers pursuant to this covenant:

(a) In the event that the registered proprietor fails to comply with
the terms of any written notice issued by the Council as set out
above, the Council may enter the land with all necessary
equipment and carry out any work considered by Council to be
reasonable to comply with the said notice referred to in 1(e)
above.
(b) The Council may recover from the registered proprietor in a
court of competent jurisdiction:
I. Any expense reasonably incurred by it in exercising its
powers in sub-paragraph 2(a) above. Such expense
shall include reasonable wages for employees engaged
in effecting, supervising and administering the said
work, together with costs, reasonably estimated by
Council, for the use of materials, machinery, tools and
equipment used in conjunction with the said work.
II. Legal costs on an indemnity basis for issue of the said
notices and recovery of the said costs and expenses
together with the costs, charges, and expenses of
registration of a covenant charge pursuant to Section
88F of the Act or providing any certificate required
pursuant to Section 88G of the act or obtaining any
injunction pursuant to Section 88H of the Act.
3. This covenant shall bind all persons who are or claim under the
registered proprietor(s) as stipulated in Section 88E(5) of the Act.
For the purposes of this covenant, "the device" means the
………. (e.g. "Humeceptor") stormwater quality improvement
device constructed and/or installed on the land as detailed on
the plans approved by ………. as Construction Certificate No.
………. on ………., including all ancillary gutters, pipes, drains,
walls, kerbs, pits, grates, tanks, chambers, basins and surfaces
designed to treat stormwater, as well as all surfaces graded to direct
stormwater to the device. (Include the following for Private CC's
only) A copy of this Construction Certificate is held on Council File
No. …..

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Maintenance and Repair of Shared Access

The proprietor of the lot hereby burdened will in respect of the right of
carriageway within the benefited lot #ly referred to in the abovementioned
plan:

(a) maintain the driveway surface and any associated drainage system in
reasonable working condition and

(b) repair and/or restore any or all of the driveway surface and associated
drainage system as nearly as practicable, to its former condition and

(c) share the costs of the abovementioned works equally (or proportionally
to usage) with all other proprietors of other lots similarly burdened by
this covenant.

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C. INTEGRAL ENERGY AUSTRALIA RECITALS

EASEMENT FOR OVERHEAD POWER LINES

EASEMENT FOR UNDERGROUND CABLES

EASEMENT FOR PADMOUNT SUBSTATION

1. The recitals for the above easements required by Integral Energy Australia are
quite lengthy and therefore subject to typographical errors in the preparation
of 88B instruments.

2. In an effort to minimise the potential for errors and also to simplify the
creation of these easements, Integral Energy Australia have had the recitals
registered with the Land and Property Information NSW.

3. By having these details registered a "Memorandum", 88B instruments need

only refer to the memorandum rather than spell out the full terms of the
easement in Part 2 of the 88B.

4. The Memorandum numbers related to these easements are as follows:

Easement for Overhead Power Lines: 3021850

Easement for Underground Cables: 3021851
Easement for Padmount Substation: 3021852

5. Please note therefore, that the following inclusions in Part 2 of an 88B are now
acceptable:

"An Easement for Overhead Power Lines having terms as detailed in

Memorandum No. 3021850 registered with Land and Property Information
NSW."
and

"An Easement for Underground Cables having terms as detailed in

Memorandum No. 3021851 registered with the Land and Property Information
NSW."
(or similar)
and

An Easement for Padmount Substation having terms as detailed in

Memorandum No. 3021852 registered with the Land and Property Information
NSW."
(or similar)

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6. Of course, the inclusion of the full recital as set out by Integral Energy
Australia will also continue to be acceptable, however, over time its use will
most likely decline.

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D. SCHEDULES 4A & 8 OF THE

CONVEYANCING ACT 1919 AND
AMENDMENT (EASEMENTS) ACT 1995

D.1 - EASEMENTS IN GROSS (benefiting Council)

SCHEDULE 4A OF THE CONVEYANCING ACT 1919 AND
THE PROPERTY LEGISLATION AMENDMENT (EASEMENTS) ACT 1995

PART 1
TERMS OF RIGHT OF CARRIAGEWAY .…. REFERRED TO IN ABOVEMENTIONED
PLAN:

Full and free right for the body in whose favour this easement is created, and every person
authorised by it, to go, pass and repass at all times and for all purposes with or without
animals or vehicles or both over the land indicated herein as the servient tenement.

PART 2
TERMS OF RIGHT OF FOOTWAY ….. REFERRED TO IN ABOVEMENTIONED
PLAN:

Full and free right for the body in whose favour this easement is created and every person
authorised by it, to go, pass and repass at all times and for all purposes without animals or
vehicles over the land indicated herein as the servient tenement.

PART 3
TERMS OF EASEMENT TO DRAIN WATER ….. REFERRED TO IN
ABOVEMENTIONED PLAN:

Full and free right for the body in whose favour this easement is created, and every person
authorised by it, from time to time and at all times to drain water (whether rain, storm, spring,
soakage, or seepage water) in any quantities across and through the land herein indicated as
the servient tenement, together with the right to use, for the purposes of the easement, any
line of pipes already laid within the servient tenement for the purpose therefore and where no
such line of pipes in replacement or in substitution therefore and where no such line of pipes
exists, to lay, place and maintain a line of pipes of sufficient internal diameter beneath or
upon the surface of the servient tenement, and together with the right for the body in whose
favour this easement is created and every person authorised by it, with any tools, implements,
or machinery, necessary for the purpose, to enter upon the servient tenement and to remain
there for any reasonable time for the purpose of laying, inspecting, cleansing, repairing,
maintaining, or renewing such pipe line or any part thereof and for any of the aforesaid
purposes to open the soil of the servient tenement to such extent as may be necessary
provided that the body in whose favour this easement is created and the persons authorised by
it will take all reasonable precautions to ensure as little disturbance as possible to the surface
of the servient tenement and will restore that surface as nearly as practicable to its original
condition.

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PART 4
TERMS OF EASEMENT TO DRAIN SEWAGE ….. REFERRED TO IN
ABOVEMENTIONED PLAN:

Full and free right for the body in whose favour this easement is created, and every person
authorised by it, from time to time and at all times by means of pipes to drain sewage and
other waste material and fluid in any quantities across and through the land herein indicated
as the servient tenement, together with the right to use, for the purposes of the easement, any
line of pipes already laid within the servient tenement for the purpose of draining sewage or
any pipe or pipes in replacement or in substitution therefore and where no such line of pipes
exists, to lay, place and maintain a line of pipes of sufficient internal diameter beneath or
upon the surface of the servient tenement, and together with the right for the body in whose
favour this easement is created and every person authorised by it, with any tools, implements,
or machinery, necessary for the purpose, to enter upon the servient tenement and to remain
there for any reasonable time for the purpose of laying, inspecting, cleansing, repairing,
maintaining, or renewing such pipe line or any part thereof and for any of the aforesaid
purposes to open the soil of the servient tenement to such extent as may be necessary
provided that the body in whose favour this easement is created and every person authorised
by it will take all reasonable precautions to ensure as little disturbance as possible to the
surface of the servient tenement and will restore that surface as nearly as practicable to its
original condition.

PART 5
TERMS OF EASEMENT FOR REPAIRS ….. REFERRED TO IN ABOVEMENTIONED
PLAN:

1. The body having the benefit of this easement may:

(a) at the expiration of at least one week's notice served on the owner or occupier
of a lot burdened, use the lot for the purpose of carrying out necessary work on
any surface used by that body which cannot otherwise reasonably be carried
out, and

(b) do anything reasonably necessary for that purpose, including:

● entering the lot burdened, and

● taking anything on to the lot burdened.

2. In exercising those powers, the body having the benefit of this easement must:

(a) ensure all work on the lot benefited is done properly and carried out as quickly
as is practicable, and

(b) cause as little inconvenience as is practicable to the owner and any occupier of
the lot burdened, and

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(c) cause as little damage as is practicable to the lot burdened and any
improvement on it, and
(d) restore the lot burdened as nearly as is practicable to its former condition, and

(e) make good any collateral damage.

PART 6
TERMS OF EASEMENT FOR DRAINAGE OF SEWAGE ….. REFERRED TO IN
ABOVEMENTIONED PLAN:

1. The body having the benefit of this easement may:

(a) drain sewage, sullage and other fluid wastes in pipes through each lot
burdened, but only within the site of this easement, and

(b) do anything reasonably necessary for that purpose, including:

● entering the lot burdened, and

● taking anything on to the lot burdened, and
● using any existing line of pipes, and
● carrying out works, such as constructing, placing, repairing or
maintaining pipes and equipment.

2. In exercising those powers, the body having the benefit of this easement must:

(a) ensure all work is done properly, and

(b) cause as little inconvenience as is practicable to the owner and any occupier of
the lot burdened, and

(c) cause as little damage as is practicable to the lot burdened and any
improvement on it, and

(d) restore the lot burdened as nearly as is practicable to its former condition, and

(e) make good any collateral damage.

PART 7
TERMS OF EASEMENT FOR DRAINAGE OF WATER ….. REFERRED TO IN
ABOVEMENTIONED PLAN:

1. The body having the benefit of this easement may:

(a) drain water from any natural source through each lot burdened, but only
within the site of this easement, and
(b) do anything reasonably necessary for that purpose, including:

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● entering the lot burdened, and

● taking anything on to the lot burdened, and
● using any existing line of pipes, and
● carrying out works, such as constructing, placing, repairing or
maintaining pipes, channels, ditches and equipment.

2. In exercising those powers, the body having the benefit of this easement must:

(a) ensure all work is done properly, and

(b) cause as little inconvenience as is practicable to the owner and any occupier of
the lot burdened, and

(c) cause as little damage as is practicable to the lot burdened and any
improvement on it, and

(d) restore the lot burdened as nearly as is practicable to its former condition, and

(e) make good any collateral damage.

PART 8
TERMS OF EASEMENT FOR ELECTRICITY PURPOSES ….. REFERRED TO IN
ABOVEMENTIONED PLAN:

1. The body having the benefit of this easement may:

(a) transmit electricity through each lot burdened, but only within the site of this
easement, and

(b) do anything reasonably necessary for that purpose, including:

● entering the lot burdened, and

● taking anything on to the lot burdened, and
● carrying out work, such as constructing, placing, repairing or
maintaining poles, wires, conduits and equipment.

2. In exercising those powers, the body having the benefit of this easement must:

(a) ensure all work is done properly, and

(b) cause as little inconvenience as is practicable to the owner and any occupier of
the lot burdened, and

(c) cause as little damage as is practicable to the lot burdened and any
improvement on it, and
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(d) restore the lot burdened as nearly as is practicable to its former condition, and

(e) make good any collateral damage.

PART 9
TERMS OF EASEMENT FOR SERVICES ….. REFERRED TO IN ABOVEMENTIONED
PLAN:

1. The body having the benefit of this easement may:

(a) provide domestic services supplied by that body through each lot burdened,
but only within the site of this easement, and

(b) do anything reasonably necessary for that purpose, including:

● entering the lot burdened, and

● taking anything on to the lot burdened, and
● carrying out work, such as constructing, placing, repairing or
maintaining pipes, poles, wires, cables, conduits, structures and
equipment.

2. In exercising those powers, the body having the benefit of this easement must:

(a) ensure all work is done properly, and

(b) cause as little inconvenience as is practicable to the owner and any occupier of
the lot burdened, and

(c) cause as little damage as is practicable to the lot burdened and any
improvement on it, and

(d) restore the lot burdened as nearly as is practicable to its former condition, and

(e) make good any collateral damage.

3. For the purpose of this easement, domestic services includes supply of water, gas,
electricity, telephone and television and discharge of sewage, sullage and other fluid
wastes.

PART 10
TERMS OF EASEMENT FOR WATER SUPPLY ….. REFERRED TO IN
ABOVEMENTIONED PLAN:

1. The body having the benefit of this easement may:

(a) run water in pipes through each lot burdened, but only within the site of this
easement, and

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(b) do anything reasonably necessary for that purpose, including:

● entering the lot burdened, and

● taking anything on to the lot burdened, and
● carrying out work, such as constructing, placing, repairing or
maintaining pipes and equipment.

2. In exercising those powers, the body having the benefit of this easement must:

(a) ensure all work is done properly, and

(b) cause as little inconvenience as is practicable to the owner and any occupier of
the lot burdened, and

(c) cause as little damage as is practicable to the lot burdened and any
improvement on it, and

(d) restore the lot burdened as nearly as is practicable to its former condition, and

(e) make good any collateral damage.

PART 11
TERMS OF RIGHT OF ACCESS ….. REFERRED TO IN ABOVEMENTIONED PLAN:

1. The body having the benefit of this easement may:

(a) by any reasonable means pass across each lot burdened, but only within the
site of this easement, for the purpose of exercising or performing any of its
powers, authorities, duties or functions and

(b) do anything reasonably necessary for passing across each lot, including:

● entering the lot burdened, and

● taking anything on to the lot burdened, and
● carrying out work within the site of this easement, such as
constructing, placing, repairing or maintaining trafficable surfaces,
driveways or structures.

2. In exercising those powers, the body having the benefit of this easement must:

(a) ensure all work is done properly, and

(b) cause as little inconvenience as is practicable to the owner and any occupier of
the lot burdened, and

(c) cause as little damage as is practicable to the lot burdened and any
improvement on it, and

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(d) restore the lot burdened as nearly as is practicable to its former condition, and

(e) make good any collateral damage.

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D.2 - EASEMENTS BENEFITING A LOT

SCHEDULE 8 OF THE CONVEYANCING ACT 1919 AND
THE PROPERTY LEGISLATION AMENDMENT (EASEMENTS) ACT 1995

PART 1
TERMS OF RIGHT OF CARRIAGEWAY … REFERRED TO IN ABOVEMENTIONED
PLAN:

Full and free right for every person who is at any time entitled to an estate or interest in
possession in the land herein indicated as the dominant tenement or any part thereof with
which the right shall be capable of enjoyment, and every person authorised by him, to go,
pass and repass at all times and for all purposes with or without animals or vehicles or both to
and from the said dominant tenement or any such part thereof.

PART 2
TERMS OF RIGHT OF FOOTWAY ….. REFERRED TO IN ABOVEMENTIONED
PLAN:

Full and free right for every person who is at any time entitled to an estate or interest in
possession in the land herein indicated as the dominant tenement or any part thereof with
which the right shall be capable of enjoyment, and every person authorised by him, to go,
pass and repass at all times and for all purposes without animals or vehicles or both to and
from the said dominant tenement or any such part thereof.

PART 3
TERMS OF EASEMENT TO DRAIN WATER … REFERRED TO IN
ABOVEMENTIONED LAND:

Full and free right for every person who is at any time entitled to an estate or interest in
possession in the land herein indicated as the dominant tenement or any part thereof with
which the right shall be capable of enjoyment, and every person authorised by him, from time
to time and at all times to drain water (whether rain, storm, spring, soakage, or seepage water)
in any quantities across and through the land herein indicated as the servient tenement,
together with the right to use, for the purposes of the easement, any line of pipes already laid
within the servient tenement for the purpose therefore and where no such line of pipes in
replacement or in substitution therefore and where no such line of pipes exists, to lay, place
and maintain a line of pipes of sufficient internal diameter beneath or upon the surface of the
servient tenement, and together with the right for the grantee and every person authorised by
him, with any tools, implements, or machinery, necessary for the purpose, to enter upon the
servient tenement and to remain there for any reasonable time for the purpose of laying,
inspecting, cleansing, repairing, maintaining, or renewing such pipe line or any part thereof
and for any of the aforesaid purposes to open the soil of the servient tenement to such extent
as may be necessary provided that the grantee and the persons authorised by him will take all
reasonable precautions to ensure as little disturbance as possible to the surface of the servient
tenement and will restore that surface as nearly as practicable to its original condition.
ENGINEERING GUIDE FOR DEVELOPMENT - February 2005

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BLACKTOWN CITY COUNCIL ENGINEERING GUIDE FOR DEVELOPMENT – 2005

PART 4
TERMS OF EASEMENT TO DRAIN SEWAGE ….. REFERRED TO IN
ABOVEMENTIONED PLAN:

Full and free right for every person who is at any time entitled to an estate or interest in
possession in the land herein indicated as the dominant tenement or any part thereof with
which the right shall be capable of enjoyment, and every person authorised by him, from time
to time and at all times by means of pipes to drain sewage and other waste material and fluid
in any quantities across and through the land herein indicated as the servient tenement,
together with the right to use, for the purposes of the easement, any line of pipes already laid
within the servient tenement for the purpose of draining sewage or any pipe or pipes in
replacement or in substitution therefore and where no such line of pipes exists, to lay, place
and maintain a line of pipes of sufficient internal diameter beneath or upon the surface of the
servient tenement, and together with the right for the grantee and every person authorised by
him, with any tools, implements, or machinery, necessary for the purpose, to enter upon the
servient tenement and to remain there for any reasonable time for the purpose of laying,
inspecting, cleansing, repairing, maintaining, or renewing such pipe line or any part thereof
and for any of the aforesaid purposes to open the soil of the servient tenement to such extent
as may be necessary provided that the grantee and the persons authorised by him will take all
reasonable precautions to ensure as little disturbance as possible to the surface of the servient
tenement and will restore that surface as nearly as practicable to its original condition.

PART 5
TERMS OF EASEMENT FOR REPAIRS ….. REFERRED TO IN ABOVEMENTIONED
PLAN:

1. The owner of the lot benefited may:

(a) at the expiration of at least one week's notice served on the owner or occupier
of a lot burdened, use the lot burdened for the purpose of carrying out
necessary work on, or on any structure on, the lot benefited which cannot
otherwise reasonably be carried out,

(b) do anything reasonably necessary for that purpose, including:

● entering the lot burdened, and

● taking anything on to the lot burdened.

2. In exercising those powers, the body having the benefit of this easement must:

(a) ensure all work on the lot benefited is done properly and carried out as quickly
as is practicable, and

(b) cause as little inconvenience as is practicable to the owner and any occupier of
the lot burdened, and

ENGINEERING GUIDE FOR DEVELOPMENT - February 2005

F - 28
BLACKTOWN CITY COUNCIL ENGINEERING GUIDE FOR DEVELOPMENT – 2005

(c) cause as little damage as is practicable to the lot burdened and any
improvement on it, and

(d) restore the lot burdened as nearly as is practicable to its former condition, and

(e) make good any collateral damage.

PART 6
TERMS OF EASEMENT FOR BATTER ….. REFERRED TO IN ABOVEMENTIONED
PLAN:

1. The owner of the lot benefited may:

(a) construct and maintain on the lot burdened, but only within the site of this
easement, whatever batter or embankment is reasonably necessary to support
the surface or subsurface of the lot benefited or any part of it, or any structure
or works on the lot benefited, and

(b) do anything reasonably necessary for that purpose, including:

● entering the lot burdened, and

● taking anything on to the lot burdened, and
● carrying out work.

2. The owner of the lot burdened must not:

(a) interfere with the batter or embankment or the support it offers, or

(b) use the site of this easement, or any other part of the lot burdened, or any other
land, in a way which may detract from the stability of or the support provided
by the batter or embankment.

3. If the owner of the lot burdened does or allows anything to be done which damages
the batter or embankment or impairs its effectiveness, the owner of the lot benefited
may serve no less than 14 days notice on the owner of the lot burdened requiring the
damage to be repaired or the impairment removed.

If the owner of the lot burdened does not comply with the notice, the owner of the lot
benefited may enter and repair the damage or remove the impairment and may
recover any reasonable costs from the owner of the lot burdened.

4. In exercising those powers, the body having the benefit of this easement must:

(a) ensure all work is done properly, and

(b) cause as little inconvenience as is practicable to the owner and any occupier of
the lot burdened, and

ENGINEERING GUIDE FOR DEVELOPMENT - February 2005

F - 29
BLACKTOWN CITY COUNCIL ENGINEERING GUIDE FOR DEVELOPMENT – 2005

(c) cause as little damage as is practicable to the lot burdened and any
improvement on it, and

(d) restore the lot burdened as nearly as is practicable to its former condition, and

(e) make good any collateral damage.

PART 7
TERMS OF EASEMENT FOR DRAINAGE OF SEWAGE ….. REFERRED TO IN
ABOVEMENTIONED PLAN:

1. The owner of the lot benefited may:

(a) drain sewage, sullage and other fluid wastes in pipes through each lot
burdened, but only within the site of this easement, and

(b) do anything reasonably necessary for that purpose, including:

● entering the lot burdened, and
● taking anything on to the lot burdened, and
● using any existing line of pipes, and
● carrying out works, such as constructing, placing, repairing or
maintaining pipes and equipment.
2. In exercising those powers, the body having the benefit of this easement must:

(a) ensure all work is done properly, and

(b) cause as little inconvenience as is practicable to the owner and any occupier of
the lot burdened, and

(c) cause as little damage as is practicable to the lot burdened and any
improvement on it, and

(d) restore the lot burdened as nearly as is practicable to its former condition, and

(e) make good any collateral damage.

PART 8
TERMS OF EASEMENT FOR DRAINAGE OF WATER ….. REFERRED TO IN
ABOVEMENTIONED PLAN:

1. The owner of the lot benefited may:

(a) drain water from any natural source through each lot burdened, but only
within the site of this easement, and

(b) do anything reasonably necessary for that purpose, including:

ENGINEERING GUIDE FOR DEVELOPMENT - February 2005

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BLACKTOWN CITY COUNCIL ENGINEERING GUIDE FOR DEVELOPMENT – 2005

● entering the lot burdened, and

● taking anything on to the lot burdened, and
● using any existing line of pipes, and
● carrying out works, such as constructing, placing, repairing or
maintaining pipes, channels, ditches and equipment.
2. In exercising those powers, the body having the benefit of this easement must:

(a) ensure all work is done properly, and

(b) cause as little inconvenience as is practicable to the owner and any occupier of
the lot burdened, and

(c) cause as little damage as is practicable to the lot burdened and any
improvement on it, and

(d) restore the lot burdened as nearly as is practicable to its former condition, and

(e) make good any collateral damage.

PART 9
TERMS OF EASEMENT FOR ELECTRICITY PURPOSES ….. REFERRED TO IN
ABOVEMENTIONED PLAN:

1. The owner of the lot benefited may:

(a) transmit electricity through each lot burdened, but only within the site of this
easement, and

(b) do anything reasonably necessary for that purpose, including:

● entering the lot burdened, and

● taking anything on to the lot burdened, and
● carrying out works, such as constructing, placing, repairing or
maintaining poles, wire conduits and equipment.

2. In exercising those powers, the body having the benefit of this easement must:

(a) ensure all work is done properly, and

(b) cause as little inconvenience as is practicable to the owner and any occupier of
the lot burdened, and

(c) cause as little damage as is practicable to the lot burdened and any
improvement on it, and

(d) restore the lot burdened as nearly as is practicable to its former condition, and

ENGINEERING GUIDE FOR DEVELOPMENT - February 2005

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BLACKTOWN CITY COUNCIL ENGINEERING GUIDE FOR DEVELOPMENT – 2005

(e) make good collateral damage.

PART 10
TERMS OF EASEMENT FOR OVERHANG ….. REFERRED TO IN
ABOVEMENTIONED PLAN:

1. The owner of the lot benefited may:

(a) insist that the parts of the structure (the overhanging structure) on the lot
benefited which, when this easement was created, overhung the lot burdened
remain, but only to the extent they are within the site of this easement, and

(b) must keep the overhanging structure in good repair and safe condition, and

(c) may do anything reasonably necessary for those purposes, including:

● entering the lot burdened, and

● taking anything on to the lot burdened, and
● carrying out work.

2. In exercising those powers, the body having the benefit of this easement must:

(a) ensure all work is done properly, and

(b) cause as little inconvenience as is practicable to the owner and any occupier of
the lot burdened, and

(c) restore the lot burdened as nearly as is practicable to its former condition, and

(d) make good any collateral damage.

3. The owner of the lot burdened may insist that this easement be extinguished when the
structure on the lot benefited is removed.

4. The owner of the lot burdened must not do or allow anything to be done to damage or
interfere with the overhanging structure.

PART 11
TERMS OF EASEMENT FOR SERVICES ….. REFERRED TO IN ABOVEMENTIONED
PLAN:

1. The owner of the lot benefited may:

(a) use each lot burdened, but only within the site of this easement, to provide
domestic services to or from each lot burdened, and

(b) do anything reasonably necessary for that purpose, including:

ENGINEERING GUIDE FOR DEVELOPMENT - February 2005

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BLACKTOWN CITY COUNCIL ENGINEERING GUIDE FOR DEVELOPMENT – 2005

● entering the lot burdened, and

● taking anything on to the lot burdened, and
● carrying out works, such as constructing, placing, repairing or
maintaining pipes, poles, wires, cables, conduits, structures and
equipment.

2. In exercising those powers, the body having the benefit of this easement must:

(a) ensure all work is done properly, and

(b) cause as little inconvenience as is practicable to the owner and any occupier of
the lot burdened, and

(c) cause as little damage as is practicable to the lot burdened and any
improvement on it, and

(d) restore the lot burdened as nearly as is practicable to its former condition, and

(e) make good any collateral damage.

3. For the purpose of this easement, domestic services includes supply of water, gas,
electricity, telephone and television and discharge of sewage, sullage and other fluid
wastes.

PART 12
TERMS OF EASEMENT FOR WATER SUPPLY ….. REFERRED TO IN
ABOVEMENTIONED PLAN:

1. The owner of the lot benefited may:

(a) run water in pipes through each lot burdened, but only within the site of this
easement, and

(b) do anything reasonably necessary for that purpose, including:

● entering the lot burdened, and

● taking anything on to the lot burdened, and
● carrying out works, such as constructing, placing, repairing or
maintaining pipes and equipment.

2. In exercising those powers, the body having the benefit of this easement must:

(a) ensure all work is done properly, and

(b) cause as little inconvenience as is practicable to the owner and any occupier of
the lot burdened, and

ENGINEERING GUIDE FOR DEVELOPMENT - February 2005

F - 33
BLACKTOWN CITY COUNCIL ENGINEERING GUIDE FOR DEVELOPMENT – 2005

(c) cause as little damage as is practicable to the lot burdened and any
improvement on it, and

(d) restore the lot burdened as nearly as is practicable to its former condition, and

(e) make good any collateral damage.

PART 13
TERMS OF EASEMENT TO PERMIT ENCROACHING STRUCTURE TO REMAIN …..
REFERRED TO IN ABOVEMENTIONED PLAN:

1. The owner of the lot benefited may:

(a) insist that the parts of the structure (the encroaching structure) on the lot
benefited which, when this easement was created, encroached on the lot
burdened remain, but only to the extent they are within the site of this
easement, and

(b) must keep the encroaching structure in good repair and safe condition, and

(c) do anything reasonably necessary for those purposes, including:

● entering the lot burdened, and

● taking anything on to the lot burdened, and
● carrying out work.

2. In exercising those powers, the body having the benefit of this easement must:

(a) ensure all work is done properly, and

(b) cause as little inconvenience as is practicable to the owner and any occupier of
the lot burdened, and

(c) restore the lot burdened as nearly as is practicable to its former condition, and

(d) make good any collateral damage.

3. The owner of the lot burdened may insist that this easement be extinguished when the
structure on the lot benefited is removed.

4. The owner of the lot burdened must not do or allow anything to be done to damage or
interfere with the encroaching structure.

ENGINEERING GUIDE FOR DEVELOPMENT - February 2005

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BLACKTOWN CITY COUNCIL ENGINEERING GUIDE FOR DEVELOPMENT – 2005

PART 14
TERMS OF RIGHT OF ACCESS ….. REFERRED TO IN ABOVEMENTIONED PLAN:

1. The owner of the lot benefited may:

(a) by any reasonable means pass across each lot burdened, but only within the
site of this easement, to get to or from the lot benefited, and

(b) do anything reasonably necessary for that purpose, including:

● entering the lot burdened, and

● taking anything on to the lot burdened, and
● carrying out work within the site of this easement, such as
constructing, placing, repairing or maintaining trafficable surfaces,
driveways or structures.

2. In exercising those powers, the body having the benefit of this easement must:

(a) ensure all work is done properly, and

(b) cause as little inconvenience as is practicable to the owner and any occupier of
the lot burdened, and

(c) cause as little damage as is practicable to the lot burdened and any
improvement on it, and

(d) restore the lot burdened as nearly as is practicable to its former condition, and

(e) make good any collateral damage.

ENGINEERING GUIDE FOR DEVELOPMENT - February 2005

F - 35
BLACKTOWN CITY COUNCIL ENGINEERING GUIDE FOR DEVELOPMENT – 2005

APPENDIX G

EXAMPLE OF A
LOT FILL PLAN

ENGINEERING GUIDE FOR DEVELOPMENT - February 2005

BLACKTOWN CITY COUNCIL ENGINEERING GUIDE FOR DEVELOPMENT – 2005

APPENDIX H

EXAMPLE
EASEMENT CERTIFICATE

EGINEERING GUIDE FOR DEVELOPMENT - February 2005

BLACKTOWN CITY COUNCIL ENGINEERING GUIDE FOR DEVELOPMENT – 2005

APPENDIX H
EXAMPLE CERTIFICATE
Council Ref:

General Manager
Blacktown City Council
DX 8117
BLACKTOWN

Dear Sir,

Subdivision of Lot D.P. AT

Our final Plan of Subdivision bearing the abovementioned description and reference intends
to create the following easements over the specified lots.

Easement Description Burdened Lots

1. Easement to Drain Water 1506, 1514, to 1519 inclusive,

1 metre wide. 1523 to 1526 inclusive.

2. Easement to Drain Water Lot 1527

2.5 metres wide.

Drainage pipes and associated structures are laid wholly within the easements to be created
by registration of the accompanying linen plan.

Yours faithfully,

Signature

Name of Surveyor
(Please Print)

EGINEERING GUIDE FOR DEVELOPMENT - February 2005

H-1
BLACKTOWN CITY COUNCIL ENGINEERING GUIDE FOR DEVELOPMENT – 2005

APPENDIX I

STANDARD
DRAWINGS

EGINEERING GUIDE FOR DEVELOPMENT - February 2005

BLACKTOWN CITY COUNCIL ENGINEERING GUIDE FOR DEVELOPMENT – 2005

APPENDIX I
STANDARD DRAWINGS

A(BS)101M Standard Kerbs and Gutters

A(BS)102S Standard Residential Footway and Layback Crossing

A(BS)103S Standard Industrial and Commercial Footway Crossing

A(BS)104M Path paving at Intersections and Kerb Ramp Details

A(BS)105S Standard Pathway Barrier

A(BS)106M Standard Grated Gully Pit

A(BS)107M Standard Junction Pit

A(BS)108M Minor Drainage Collections

A(BS)109M Standard Surface Inlet Pits

A(BS)110S Accessway Detail

A(BS)111 Step Irons

A(BS)112M Typical Arrangement of Threshold Pavements at Intersections

A(BS)113M Standard Street Signs and Posts

A(BS)114S Standard Floodway Warning Signs and Mounting Bracket

A(BS)115M Construction of Traffic "Shake-Down"

A(BS)116S Channel Check Dams and Culvert Inlet Protection

A(BS)117S Sedimentation Basin

A(BS)118 Not Allocated

A(BS)119S Sediment Traps for Surface Inlet Pits

A(BS)120 Not Allocated

A(BS)121M Sediment Fence and Filters

A(BS)122S Siltation Traps for Kerb Inlets

EGINEERING GUIDE FOR DEVELOPMENT - February 2005

I-1
BLACKTOWN CITY COUNCIL ENGINEERING GUIDE FOR DEVELOPMENT – 2005

A(BS)124M Typical locations for signs and markings associated with Wombat Crossings

A(BS)125M Standard Indented Bus Bay

A(BS)126S Typical Calming Device for Residential Roads

A(BS)127S Rural Vehicular Crossing

A(BS)128S Specification for Bus Shelter Concrete Base/Apron - with Path Paving

A(BS)129S Specification for Bus Shelter Concrete Base/Apron - without Path Paving

A(BS)131M Standard Wombat Crossing, All Roads

A(BS)132 Not Required

A(BS)133 Not Required

A(BS)134S Standard Bicycle Path

A(BS)136S Removed

A(BS)137S Special Pathway Barrier for Electric Mobility Scooter

A(BS) 143M Pedestrian Refuge Guideline (currently under review see AS 1742.10 or RMS
Technical directive 2011-01A)

A(BS) 152M Boom Gate for Council Reserves

EGINEERING GUIDE FOR DEVELOPMENT - February 2005

I-2
 BRACKET ALUMINIUM
3mm THICK MIN. LENGTH 500 END MOUNTED
MAX. LENGTH1200 END MOUNTED
PRE-PRINTED UV INK ON MAX. LENGTH 1800 CENTRE MOUNTED
LAMINATE LOGO.

15

10
SEE SHT. 3 FOR DETAIL

WILLIAM LAWSON DR

200
180
185

15

Blacktown
City Council

LETTER HEIGHT 100mm IN CLASS 1 REFLECTIVE 50

HEC 4.6 BOLTS 30mm FROM BRACKET
DIN CONDENSED LIGHT FONT WHITE BACKGROUND
ALL DIMENSION IN MILLIMETRES
UNLESS OTHERWISE STATED

STREET NAME BLADE SPECIFICATION

1.0 GENERAL 4.0 BRACKETS
1.1 THIS SPECIFICATION IS TO BE READ IN CONJUNCTION WITH 4.1 BRACKETS SHALL BE COMPATIBLE WITH THE SPECIFIED BLADE.
COUNCIL'S SUPPLIED ORDER.
4.2 BRACKETS SHALL BE PRE-DRILLED (10mm DIA.). BRACKETS SHALL
1.2 DELIVERY DOCKETS SHALL INCLUDE FULL DETAILS OF EACH BE SUPPLIED COMPLETE WITH BOLTS, NUTS AND WASHERS . 18

10
BLADE AND BRACKET SUPPLIED AND ORDER NUMBER. BOLTS, NUTS AND WASHERS SHALL BE GALVANISED AND OF

6
SUITABLE SIZE.
2.0 SIGN BLADE
2.1 SIGNS SHALL BE MANUFACTURED FROM AN APPROVED 5.0 TOLERANCE

12
MARINE GRADE HIGH TENSILE STRENGTH ALUMINIUM MANUFACTURING TOLERANCES OF SIGNS SHALL BE SPECIFIED IN SECTION
EXTRUSION WITH SQUARE END. 4 - MANUFACTURING AND MATERIALS OF A.S. 1743:2018 SPECIFICATIONS.

2.2 THE LENGTH OF THE SIGNS SHALL NOT BE MORE THAN 6.0 PROTECTION AND PACKAGING
1800mm. PROTECTION AND PACKAGING OF ALL BLADES, BRACKETS AND
ASSOCIATED FITTINGS FOR DELIVERY TO COUNCIL SHALL BE THE
2.3 THE FLANGES SHALL BE 18mm MINIMUM WIDTH AND NO RESPONSIBILITY OF THE SUPPLIER. SIGNS ARE TO BE PROTECTED 2

200
LESS THAN 6mm THICK, THE FILLET SHALL BE NOT LESS FROM DAMAGE DURING TRANSIT BY APPROVED WRAPPING PRIOR
THAN 5mm WIDE AND 7mm MINIMUM THICKNESS AND THE TO DELIVERY.
WEB SHALL BE 2mm MINIMUM THICKNESS (REFER DETAIL A)
2.4 THE BLADES SHALL BE PRE-DRILLED TO COINCIDE WITH 7.0 WARRANTY
THE POSITION AND DIAMETER OF THE BRACKETS. ALL STREET SIGN BLADES SHALL CARRY A 8 YEAR PERFORMANCE
THE BLADES SHALL BE 200mm BLADES. WARRANTY FROM THE RETRO-REFLECTIVE MATERIAL
MANUFACTURER. DETAILS OF THE PERFORMANCE WARRANTY

10
SHALL BE SUBMITTED WITH THE QUOTATION/TENDER.
THIS DRAWING MAY BE PREPARED IN COLOUR AND MAY BE INCOMPLETE IF COPIED

3.0 STREET NAME SIGNS

3.1 BACKGROUND NOTE
THE BACKGROUND SHEETING SHALL BE "CLASS 1 REFLECTIVE WHITE" 1. CONTRACT SIGN MANUFACTURERS TO OBTAIN COUNCIL LOGO
8

6
VINYL SHEETING BONDED TO THE PREPARED ALUMINIUM AND SPECIFICATIONS FROM COUNCIL.
EXTRUSION BLADE BY THE APPROVED METHOD TO MEET
AS/NZ 1906.1:2017 APPLICABLE FOR A 8 YEAR DURABILITY/WARRANTY. 2. END MOUNTED SIGNS MUST HAVE STREET NAME ON BOTH
THE SHEETING SHALL EXTEND FOR THE FULL LENGTH OF THE SIDES. DETAIL A
BLADE AND BE UNSPLICED ALONG ITS ENTIRE LENGTH. N.T.S.
THE MINIMUM WIDTH OF THE BACKGROUND MATERIAL SHALL 3. DOUBLE ENDED SIGNS (CENTRE MOUNTED) HAVE STREET NAME
BE 175mm FOR 200mm BLADES. ON ONE SIDE ONLY.

----
REV DATE DESCRIPTION CHECKED APPROVED DATE SCALE DO NOT SCALE FROM DRAWING DRAWINGS / DESIGN PREPARED BY TITLE NAME DATE PROJECT
SURVEYED B.C.C. STANDARD DRAWINGS A1
DESIGNED ---- SHEET
DRAWN KC STANDARD STREET NAMES & POSTS
CHECKED
Blacktown TITLE
1
City Council OF
ACCEPTED
STREET NAME BLADE SPECIFICATION
N.T.S. Lic No.QAC/R61/0103
3
G NOV. '18 REDRAWN - NEW SIGN, NEW LOGO & NOTES REVISED XX XX DD.MM.YY MANAGER ASSET DESIGN
DATE COUNCIL CHAMBERS: 62 FLUSHCOMBE ROAD, BLACKTOWN, NSW 2148
CO-ORDINATE SYSTEM HEIGHT DATUM ASSET DESIGN
DRAWING FILE LOCATION / NAME
I:\TTSHARE\STANDARD DRAWINGS\A(BS)113MStSignPosts\A(BS)113M.dwg
PLOT DATE / TIME
13.02.2019 / 11:52 AM
PLOT BY
cleggk MGA ZONE 56 AHD
ALL MAIL: GENERAL MANAGER, PO BOX 63, BLACKTOWN, NSW 2148
TELEPHONE: (02) 9839 6000 FAX: (02) 9831 1961 DX : 8117 BLACKTOWN
CAD FILE
A(BS)113M.dwg
FILE No
----
PLAN No
A(BS)113M REV
G
 MINIMUM LENGTH 500 MAXIMUM LENGTH 1800
35 MAXIMUM LENGTH 1200

ALUMINIUM BRACKET
Blacktown
City Council
WILLIAM LAWSON DR Blacktown
City Council
WILLIAM LAWSON DR
GALVANISED BOLTS,
NUTS AND WASHERS.
DETAIL 1
SINGLE ENDED SIGN DOUBLE ENDED SIGN BRACKET FOR ATTACHING
SIGN PLATE FOOTING DETAILS AS PER SINGLE ENDED SIGN SINGLE SIGN TO STEEL POST
2400 MIN.
FOR DETAILS REFER SHT. 1.
SIGN PLATE
DETAILS GENERALLY AS FOR SINGLE ENDED
SIGN UNLESS OTHEWISE SPECIFIED.
REFER SHT. 1 AND BRACKET DETAIL FOR
CENTRE MOUNTING.
560 MAX. DETAIL 3
BRACKET FOR ATTACHING
TOP OF KERB THREE SIGNS TO STEEL POST
DETAIL 2
220

STANDARD
KERB NORMAL BACKFILL BRACKET FOR ATTACHING
MATERIAL. GALVANISED
AND END CAP.
GUTTER 13Ø HOLES FOR TWO SIGNS TO STEEL POST
ANCHOR ROD.
380
330

LEAN MIX CONCRETE 50Ø NOMINAL BORE

BACKFILL. (MEDIUM GAUGE)
GALVANISED PIPE x
50Ø NOMINAL BORE 3200 MIN.
(MEDIUM GAUGE).
NOTE:
200
STEEL POST THE MAINS ENGINEER, ENDEAVOUR ENERGY
MUST BE CONTACTED PRIOR TO ATTACHING

FOOTING DETAILS WITH CAP SIGN. MINIMUM 2400 CLEARANCE ABOVE

GROUND LEVEL MUST BE STRICTLY OBSERVED,

CENTRALLY MOUNTED.
REFER DETAIL 5. REFER DETAIL 4.
DETAIL 4
CHEVRON "HAZARD" BARRIER
BENJAMIN CR DAV
ID R
OAD
TO BE ERECTED WHERE DIRECTED. RID
GE
ROA
D BRACKET FOR ATTACHING
SINGLE SIGN TO TIMBER POST
D
ROA
GE
BRID

2400 MIN
D
ROA
HAM
ING
B IRM

A D
MINO R O NETA
DRIVE

2400 MIN.
GEOR
GE DR
SUSAN IVE
DRIVE
AD
RO
VID
DA
THIS DRAWING MAY BE PREPARED IN COLOUR AND MAY BE INCOMPLETE IF COPIED

ROA
D GROOVE ON SIGN
PLATE FOR BOLTS
O R ATTACHED TO BRACKET.
J DETAIL 5
MA END MOUNTED. BRACKET FOR ATTACHING
REFER DETAIL 2.
REFER DETAIL 1.
STREET SIGNS MOUNTED EXTRA LENGTH SIGN TO MULTIPLE
ON TIMBER POWER POLES POSTS OR CENTRE MOUNTED
STREET SIGNS AT INTERSECTION STREET SIGNS AT JUNCTIONS DOUBLE ENDED SIGN
----
REV DATE DESCRIPTION CHECKED APPROVED DATE SCALE DO NOT SCALE FROM DRAWING DRAWINGS / DESIGN PREPARED BY TITLE NAME DATE PROJECT
SURVEYED B.C.C. STANDARD DRAWINGS A1
DESIGNED ---- SHEET
DRAWN KC STANDARD STREET NAMES & POSTS
CHECKED
Blacktown TITLE
2
City Council OF
ACCEPTED
DETAILS
N.T.S. Lic No.QAC/R61/0103
3
G NOV. '18 REDRAWN - NEW SIGN, NEW LOGO & NOTES REVISED XX XX DD.MM.YY MANAGER ASSET DESIGN
DATE COUNCIL CHAMBERS: 62 FLUSHCOMBE ROAD, BLACKTOWN, NSW 2148
CO-ORDINATE SYSTEM HEIGHT DATUM ASSET DESIGN
DRAWING FILE LOCATION / NAME
I:\TTSHARE\STANDARD DRAWINGS\A(BS)113MStSignPosts\A(BS)113M.dwg
PLOT DATE / TIME
13.02.2019 / 11:52 AM
PLOT BY
cleggk MGA ZONE 56 AHD
ALL MAIL: GENERAL MANAGER, PO BOX 63, BLACKTOWN, NSW 2148
TELEPHONE: (02) 9839 6000 FAX: (02) 9831 1961 DX : 8117 BLACKTOWN
CAD FILE
A(BS)113M.dwg
FILE No
----
PLAN No
A(BS)113M REV
G
THIS DRAWING MAY BE PREPARED IN COLOUR AND MAY BE INCOMPLETE IF COPIED

----
REV DATE DESCRIPTION CHECKED APPROVED DATE SCALE DO NOT SCALE FROM DRAWING DRAWINGS / DESIGN PREPARED BY TITLE NAME DATE PROJECT
SURVEYED B.C.C. STANDARD DRAWINGS A1
DESIGNED ---- SHEET
DRAWN KC STANDARD STREET NAMES & POSTS
CHECKED
Blacktown TITLE
3
City Council OF
ACCEPTED
LOGO DETAILS
N.T.S. Lic No.QAC/R61/0103
3
G NOV. '18 REDRAWN - NEW SIGN, NEW LOGO & NOTES REVISED XX XX DD.MM.YY MANAGER ASSET DESIGN
DATE COUNCIL CHAMBERS: 62 FLUSHCOMBE ROAD, BLACKTOWN, NSW 2148
CO-ORDINATE SYSTEM HEIGHT DATUM ASSET DESIGN
DRAWING FILE LOCATION / NAME
I:\TTSHARE\STANDARD DRAWINGS\A(BS)113MStSignPosts\A(BS)113M.dwg
PLOT DATE / TIME
13.02.2019 / 11:52 AM
PLOT BY
cleggk MGA ZONE 56 AHD
ALL MAIL: GENERAL MANAGER, PO BOX 63, BLACKTOWN, NSW 2148
TELEPHONE: (02) 9839 6000 FAX: (02) 9831 1961 DX : 8117 BLACKTOWN
CAD FILE
A(BS)113M.dwg
FILE No
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PLAN No
A(BS)113M REV
G