Scribd
Upload
56 views6 pages

Statistical Process Control Updated16-10-20

Statistical process control is a technical tool that not only controls processes but can improve them. A key tool is the control chart, which plots sample statistics over time with upper and lower control limits defining acceptable variation. Mean charts plot sample means and use formulas involving the standard deviation to set control limits. Range charts monitor process dispersion and use formulas involving the average sample range to set control limits. Tables provide values for determining control limits from sample size and characteristics.

Uploaded by

Hassaan Bin Khalid
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
56 views6 pages

Statistical Process Control Updated16-10-20

Statistical process control is a technical tool that not only controls processes but can improve them. A key tool is the control chart, which plots sample statistics over time with upper and lower control limits defining acceptable variation. Mean charts plot sample means and use formulas involving the standard deviation to set control limits. Range charts monitor process dispersion and use formulas involving the average sample range to set control limits. Tables provide values for determining control limits from sample size and characteristics.

Uploaded by

Hassaan Bin Khalid
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 6

Statistical Process Control

One of the best technical tool for improving product and service quality is statistical process
control. This technical tool not only controls the process but has the capability to improve it as
well. An important tool in statistical process control is the control chart. A control chart is a
time-ordered plot of representative sample statistics (e.g. sample mean) obtained from an
ongoing process. It has upper and lower limits, called control limits, that define the range of
acceptable (i.e. random) variation for the sample statistic.
−
Mean Chart: A mean chart, sometimes referred to as an x (x bar) chart, is based on a normal
distribution. It can be constructed in one of two ways. The choice depends on what information
is available. Although the value of standard deviation of a process, σ, is often unknown, if a
reasonable estimate is available, one can compute control limits using these formulas:

UCL= X+ zσ −
x

LCL=X−zσ −
x

σ
σ−
Where x = √n

σ −=
x standard deviation of distribution of sample mean, σ= process control deviation,
−
.X= Grand mean n= sample size, z= standard normal deviate, x = average of sample
mean

A second approach is to use the sample range as a major of process variability. The appropriate
formulas for control limits are:
−
UCL= X+ A 2 R

−
LCL=X− A 2 R

Where A2= A factor can be obtained from table


−
and R =average of sample ranges

X=Grand mean
Range Charts are used to monitor process dispersion; they are sensitive to changes in process
dispersion. Although the underlying sampling distribution is not normal, the concepts for use of
range charts are much the same as those for use of mean charts. Control limits for range charts
are found using the average sample range in conjunction with these formulas:
−

UCL= D4 R

LCL= D3 R

Where the values of D3, and D4 are obtained from the table.

Sample For For Ranges Standard


Size Averages Deviation

n A2 D3 D4 d2

2 1.88 0 3.29 1.13

3 1.02 0 2.58 1.69

4 .73 0 2.28 2.06

5 .58 0 2.11 2.33

6 .48 0 2.00 2.53

7 .42 0 1.92 2.70

8 .37 .14 1.87 2.85

9 .34 .18 1.82 2.97

10 .31 .31 1.78 3.08

 
Question 1

For the data given in the table: (a) Find upper and lower limits (b) Draw x-bar and R-charts (c) Determine
the status of the process:

No of Ob Sample1 Sample2 Sample3 Sample4 Sample5 x-bar R


1 48 45 45 45 50 46.6 5
2 45 48 46 50 46 47 5
3 47 51 46 49 45 47.6 6
4 41 40 42 41 42 41.2 2
5 47 46 48 48 44 46.6 4
6 46 44 45 43 42 44 4
7 43 40 52 48 49 46.4 12
Av=45.6 Av=5.43
3

Solution

x-bar

UCL=x + A2R = 45.63 +(0.58) (5.43) =45.63 + 3.1494 = 48.7794 From table A2= 0.58

LCL= x-A2R= 45.63 – (0.58) (5.43) = 45.63 -3.1494=42.48

R chart

UCL=D4R =(2.11) (5.43) = 11.4573 From table D4= 2.11

LCL = D3R = (0) (5.43) = 0


Question 2

The Watson Electric Company produces light bulbs. The following data on the number of light
−
bulbs were collected. Calculate control limits for an X -chart and R-chart. Also draw control
charts and determine the status of the process.

Number of Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 Sample 4


Observation
1 604 612 588 600
2 597 601 607 603
3 581 570 585 592
4 620 605 595 588
5 590 614 609 604

Solution

First find x-bar and R:

x-bar R
601 24
602 10
582 22
602 32
604.25 24

Grand mean=598.25 Mean R=22.4

x-bar

UCL= X+ A2R= 598.25+ (0.73) (22.4)= 598.25+ 16.35=614.02

LCL= X-A2R= 598.25-16.35=591.9

R-chart

UCL= D4R=(2.28)(22.4)=51.072

LCL=D3R= (0) (22.4)=0

You might also like