Your first midterm is scheduled on 29-Oct-Thur

 Online 5:30-6:20pm
 Covering Optics: chap 35, 36, 37, 38
 Containing 10 MC and 1 short question.

To help you prepare your midterm, please submit your

solution of this tutorial by the end of 04-Nov-Wed.
You are strongly encouraged to finish it by the midterm
though.
 (1) A lens made of glass (with index of refraction ng = 1.53) is coated with a thin film of
ITO (with index of refraction ns = 2.00) of thickness t. Visible light of wavelength 450 nm
(in air) is incident normally on the coated lens as in Fig. B11.

(a) Determine the wavelength and frequency of the light in the

ITO layer.(2 marks)
λ 450 ITO
λn = = = ???(nm)
n 2

c3 ×108
f′= f = = = ???(Hz )
λ 450 ×10 −9

(b) For what minimum value of t will the reflected light be

missing? (4 marks)
2nt = mλ (m = 1,2,3,...)

λ 450
m=1 t= = = ???(nm)
2n 2(2 )

(c) Are there other values of t that will minimize the reflected
light at this wavelength? If yes, write down 2 other values of t. If
no, explain.
any integer multiples of ??? nm, e.g.
??? nm (m=2), ??? nm (m=3), etc.
 Air
I. 𝑛𝑛′ > 𝑛𝑛 > 1 𝑛𝑛 𝑡𝑡 II. 𝑛𝑛 > 𝑛𝑛′ > 1

𝑛𝑛′

At the top surface: At the top surface:

E1f = Eo sin [kx – ωt + π] E1f = Eo sin [kx – ωt + π]

E2f = Eo sin [k(x+2t) – ωt + π] E2f = Eo sin [k(x+2t) – ωt]
Path difference: δ = 2t Path difference: δ = 2t

Phase difference: Phase difference:

2π 2π 2π 2π 2π 2π
ϕ= δ= 2t = 2nt ϕ= δ −π = 2t − π = 2nt − π
λn λ λ λn λ λ
n n

For constructive interference For constructive interference

2nt = mλ (m = 0, 1, 2 …) 2nt = (m + ½)λ (m = 0, 1, 2 …)
For destructive interference For destructive interference
2nt = (m + ½)λ (m = 0, 1, 2 …) 2nt = mλ (m = 0, 1, 2 …)
(2) An object is located 40 cm from the first of two thin converging lenses of focal lengths
20 cm and 10 cm, respectively (Fig. A1). The lenses are separated by 30 cm. Determine
the location and the lateral magnification of the final image formed by the two-lens
system. State whether the final image is upright or inverted.

1 1 1
by lens formula, + =
𝑝𝑝 𝑞𝑞 𝑓𝑓

p1 = 40 cm, f1 = 20 cm  q1 = 40 cm
p2 = 30 – 40 = -10 cm, f2 = 10 cm  q2 = ??? cm
Therefore final image is ??? cm to the right of the
2nd lens
M = (-q1/p1) (-q2/p2) = ???
the image is ???
(3) The lens and mirror in Fig. Q9 are separated by d = 1.00 m and have focal lengths of 80.0
cm and 50.0 cm, respectively. An object is placed p =1.00 m to the left of the lens. Note
that the first image produced by the lens will be the object for the mirror, and that the image
produced by the mirror will be the second object for the lens.

(a) Find the image distance for the lens.

1/q1 = 1/f1 – 1/p1, f1 = 80 cm, p1 = 100 cm,

so q1 = ??? cm, to the left/right of the lens.

(b) Find the object distance for the mirror.

The object of the mirror is ??? cm – 100 cm = 300 cm to the right of the mirror,
so the object is virtual. Therefore, for the mirror, p2 = -300 cm.

(c) Find the image distance of the image formed by the mirror.

1/q2 = 1/f2 – 1/p2, f2 = -50 cm, p2 = -300 cm, so q2 = ??? cm, i.e. ??? cm to the
left/right of the mirror.
p3
q2

p2
(3) The lens and mirror in Fig. Q9 are separated by d = 1.00 m and have focal lengths of 80.0
cm and 50.0 cm, respectively. An object is placed p =1.00 m to the left of the lens. Note
that the first image produced by the lens will be the object for the mirror, and that the image
produced by the mirror will be the second object for the lens.

(d) Find the image distance of the second image

(i.e. the final image) produced by the lens.

The image formed by the mirror is 100 cm + 60 cm = 160

cm to the right of the lens. Therefore, for the second pass
through the lens, p3 = 160 cm.
1/q3 = 1/f1 – 1/p3, f1 = 80 cm, p3 = 160 cm, so q3 = ??? cm,
i.e. ??? cm to the left/right of the mirror.

(e) Determine the overall magnification of the image.

M1 = - q1/p1 = -400 cm / 100 cm = ???, M2 = - q2/p2 = - (-60.0 cm) / (-300 cm) = ???
M3 = - q3/p3 = -160 cm / 160 cm = ???, M = M1 M2 M3 = ???

(f) State whether the final image is upright or inverted, real or virtual.
Since M < 0, the final image is ???
(g) State the two typical types of lens aberrations.
(4) Fig. Q2 shows a Newton’s ring experiment for a round wedge prism (n = 1.45) placed
on a flat plate. When blue light of wavelength 450 nm is incident normally on the prism,
50 bright rings are observed, with the last one precisely on the edge of the prism. What is
the width of the wedge d?

Constructive interference:
λ

2d = (m+1/2)λ where m = 49 and λ = 450 nm

d

d = ???
(5) Light of wavelength 579 nm is used to view an object under a microscope. Suppose
that the aperture of the objective has a diameter of 1.2 cm.

(a) Calculate the angular resolution of the microscope.

θmin = 1.22 λ/D

=1.22 x 579 x 10-9 m / (1.2 x 10-2 m)
= ??? rad

(b) Suppose that water (n = 1.33) fills the space between the object and objective. What
is the resolving angle when 579 nm light is used? Suggest whether the resolving power
is improved in this case.

λwater = λair / nwater = 579 x 10-9 m /1.33 = ??? nm

θmin = 1.22 λ/D =1.22 x ??? / (1.2 x 10-2 m) = ??? rad
Yes, the resolving power is improved.
(6) Blue light of wavelength 470 nm is incident normally to a diffraction grating ruled
5000 lines per cm.

(a) Calcualte the angular deviation of the 2nd order maximum from the central maximum.
(3 marks)
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 𝑚𝑚𝜆𝜆
2 × 470 × 10−9
sin 𝜃𝜃 =
(0.01⁄5000)

θ = ???°

(b) What is the highest-order image that can be viewed through this grating at this
wavelength of light? (4 marks)

For maximum order of viewing n, the limiting value of θ is 90°

𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛
< sin90 = 1
𝑑𝑑
n < ???
therefore maximum viewing order is ???.
•The condition for maxima:
• d sin θbright= mλ, m = 0, ±1, ±2, …
• d: grating spacing
• m : order number of the
diffraction pattern.
(7) An unpolarized light passes through two polarizers, which has a relative angular
displacement of 60° between their axes of polarization. The transmitted light after the two
polarizers has an intensity of I1. Another piece of polarizer is now inserted, such that its
axis of polarization is making an angle of 30° with respect to both of the two original
polarizers. Express the final light intensity in terms of I1.

Assume the natural light has an intensity of Io.

Therefore I1 = 0.5*cos260° Io = ??? Io
I2 = 0.5 cos230° cos230° Io
= ???Io = ??? I1

𝐼𝐼0 2𝜋𝜋 2 1
I0 𝐼𝐼1 = � 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝜃𝜃𝜃𝜃𝜃𝜃 = 𝐼𝐼0
2𝜋𝜋 0 2

𝐼𝐼2 = 𝐼𝐼1𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐2𝜃𝜃

Section 38.6
(8) The critical angle of total internal reflection for a particular material, surrounded by air, is
48.6°.

(a) Calculate the refractive index of the material.

n = 1/sin (48.6o) = ???

(b) Calculate the polarizing angle for light reflection INSIDE the same material.

(unpolarized)
tan θp = nair / n = 1/??? (polarized in direction
parallel to surface)
θp = ???

n2
tan θ p =
n1