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    Case Study 1

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    Muhammad Atif
    The document discusses emission control devices used in automobiles. It provides definitions of the positive crankcase ventilation (PCV) valve and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) valve. These devices are part of the crankcase ventilation system and EGR system respectively, and help reduce hydrocarbon emissions from the crankcase and nitrogen oxide emissions from the combustion process. The document also defines catalytic converters, which reduce carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon, and nitrogen oxide emissions through oxidation and reduction reactions to produce less harmful exhaust gases.

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    Case Study 1

    Uploaded by

    Muhammad Atif
    86 views7 pages
    The document discusses emission control devices used in automobiles. It provides definitions of the positive crankcase ventilation (PCV) valve and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) valve. These devices are part of the crankcase ventilation system and EGR system respectively, and help reduce hydrocarbon emissions from the crankcase and nitrogen oxide emissions from the combustion process. The document also defines catalytic converters, which reduce carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon, and nitrogen oxide emissions through oxidation and reduction reactions to produce less harmful exhaust gases.

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    The document discusses emission control devices used in automobiles. It provides definitions of the positive crankcase ventilation (PCV) valve and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) valve. These devices are part of the crankcase ventilation system and EGR system respectively, and help reduce hydrocarbon emissions from the crankcase and nitrogen oxide emissions from the combustion process. The document also defines catalytic converters, which reduce carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon, and nitrogen oxide emissions through oxidation and reduction reactions to produce less harmful exhaust gases.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    86 views7 pages

    Case Study 1

    Uploaded by

    Muhammad Atif
    The document discusses emission control devices used in automobiles. It provides definitions of the positive crankcase ventilation (PCV) valve and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) valve. These devices are part of the crankcase ventilation system and EGR system respectively, and help reduce hydrocarbon emissions from the crankcase and nitrogen oxide emissions from the combustion process. The document also defines catalytic converters, which reduce carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon, and nitrogen oxide emissions through oxidation and reduction reactions to produce less harmful exhaust gases.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
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    Case Study 1

    NAME MUHAMMAD IQMAL DANIEAL BIN


    MOHAMAD ZAHARI
    MATRIKS NUMBER 01DAD19F1082
    CLASS DAD3C
    LECT.NAME ABDUL RAHMAN BIN AWANG
    Automotive Technology 2
    DJA30023
    QUESTION
    The need to control the emissions from automobiles gave rise to the
    computerization of the automobile. Hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and oxides
    of nitrogen are created during the combustion process and are emitted into the
    atmosphere from the tail pipe. There are also hydrocarbons emitted as a result of
    vaporization of gasoline and from the crankcase of the automobile.
    Some of the more popular emission control devices installed on the automobile
    are: EGR VALVE, CATALYTIC CONVERTER, AIR PUMP, PCV VALVE, and CHARCOAL
    CANISTER.
    Find any car in Malaysia and Explain TWO emission control devices that were
    used in the car. (Please attach the picture of the devices that were used in the car)

    What is emission control ???


    Emission control system, in automobiles, means employed to limit the discharge of
    noxious gases from the internal-combustion engine and other components. There
    are three main sources of these gases: the engine exhaust, the crankcase, and the
    fuel tank and carburetor.

    Find any car in Malaysia

    Emission control devices that were used in Mitsubishi EVO X


    System Objective / function Composition parts

    Crankcase - HC decrease Positive crankcase


    ventilation - Re-combustion of blow-by gas ventilation (PCV)
    system valve

    Exhaust gas - NOx decrease EGR valve


    recirculation - Reduce NOx generation by
    (EGR) system controlling EGR volume
    <California> according to engine warm-up
    condition and driving conditions

    Emission Catalytic converter Monolith catalyst


    reduction - Decrease of CO,HC and NOx
    systems - It facilitates oxidation of CO,HC
    and reduction of NOx so that all 3
    component gases are cleaned
    simultaneously

    HC trap catalytic converter


    <California>
    - HC decrease
    - During cold operation of engine,
    exhaust HC is temporarily
    absorbed. Then, exhaust HC is
    released when temperature
    reaches to level at which catalyst
    is activated. This allows HC to be
    reduced
    Definition of  PCV valve

    An automotive-emission control valve that recirculates gases (as from blow-


    by) through the combustion chambers to permit more complete combustion
    Part of the positive crankcase ventilation system , which
    reroutes crankcase blowby to the intake manifold and back to the engine,
    where it is reburned in the cylinders as part of the fuel-air mixture . This
    cuts emission pollution and improve fuel economy because unburned fuel
    in the blowby is consumed the second time around. It also keeps
    the blowby and water vapor from fouling the oil in the crankcase , thus
    reducing the formation of engine sludge .
    Definition of EGR Valve

    EGR” stands for exhaust gas recirculation. When engine combustion temperatures
    near 2500°F, the formation of smog-producing nitrogen oxides (NOx) increases.
    Exhaust, however, is mostly composed of carbon dioxide (CO2), which does not
    burn. The function of the EGR valve is to recirculate small amounts of exhaust
    back into the combustion chambers of the engine in order to decrease the
    combustion temperature, thereby reducing the formation of smog-producing
    nitrogen oxides. EGR valves can malfunction by becoming stuck open or closed
    due to carbon buildup. When an EGR valve malfunctions, CO2 is reintroduced to
    the combustion chamber at the incorrect time or in incorrect amounts, which
    does not decrease the combustion temperature sufficiently enough to prevent
    the increase of NOx. Often times, EGR Valves are replaced unnecessarily due to
    clogged EGR ports that need to be cleaned. Many times cleaning the EGR ports
    alone will resolve concerns.

    Definition of catalytic converter


    A catalytic converter is a device used to reduce the emissions from an internal
    combustion engine (used in most modern day automobiles and vehicles). Not
    enough oxygen is available to oxidize the carbon fuel in these engines completely
    into carbon dioxide and water; thus toxic by-products are produced. Catalytic
    converters are used in exhaust systems to provide a site for the oxidation and
    reduction of toxic by-products (like nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and
    hydrocarbons) of fuel into less hazardous substances such as carbon dioxide,
    water vapor, and nitrogen gas.

    Conclusion
    The objective of the research work was to meritoriously reduce the NOX
    emissions with three different controlling methods. Such as exhaust gas
    recirculation system (EGR), three-way catalytic converter and combination of EGR
    and three-way catalytic converter. These controlling devices are connected to the
    IDI diesel engine to analyse NOX emission when diesel, biodiesel and their blends
    are fuelled in the engine at all specified loads (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%). The
    data of existing engine was considered as a baseline and analysis was done by
    comparing the baseline data of engine with emission controlling devices.

    Reference
    - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK218144/
    - https://www.google.com/search?
    q=conclusion+of+emission+control&source=lmns&bih=657&biw=1366&rlz=
    1C1GCEB_enMY855MY855&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj_5sXi9qLsAhVU4X
    MBHZfHBqYQ_AUoAHoECAEQAA
    - https://www.slideshare.net/santoshoist/catalytic-converter-23732014
    - https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/41388/14/14_chapter
    %206.pdf
    - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalytic_converter
    - https://www.explainthatstuff.com/catalyticconverters.html
    - https://newatlas.com/more-effective-catalytic-converter/30636/
    - https://innovationdiscoveries.space/what-does-a-pcv-valve-do-best-
    answer/
    - https://docable.com/pcv-valve-what-is-it/
    - https://www.samarins.com/glossary/egr-system.html
    - https://www.aa1car.com/library/egr.htm

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