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    1. Logistic regression was used to analyze the association between mother's smoking during pregnancy and low birth weight, adjusting for gestational age. The odds of low birth weight were 1.96 times higher for mothers who smoked compared to those who did not smoke, though the association was only marginally significant. 2. Unadjusted analysis found the odds of low birth weight were 2.01 times higher for Non-Hispanic Black mothers compared to Non-Hispanic White mothers, the reference category, with a statistically significant association. No significant differences were seen between Hispanic and Non-Hispanic White mothers. 3. Further adjusted logistic regression will be used to analyze the association between mother's ethnicity and low birth weight, adjusting

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    Lab 7 Answers

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    1. Logistic regression was used to analyze the association between mother's smoking during pregnancy and low birth weight, adjusting for gestational age. The odds of low birth weight were 1.96 times higher for mothers who smoked compared to those who did not smoke, though the association was only marginally significant. 2. Unadjusted analysis found the odds of low birth weight were 2.01 times higher for Non-Hispanic Black mothers compared to Non-Hispanic White mothers, the reference category, with a statistically significant association. No significant differences were seen between Hispanic and Non-Hispanic White mothers. 3. Further adjusted logistic regression will be used to analyze the association between mother's ethnicity and low birth weight, adjusting

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    1. Logistic regression was used to analyze the association between mother's smoking during pregnancy and low birth weight, adjusting for gestational age. The odds of low birth weight were 1.96 times higher for mothers who smoked compared to those who did not smoke, though the association was only marginally significant. 2. Unadjusted analysis found the odds of low birth weight were 2.01 times higher for Non-Hispanic Black mothers compared to Non-Hispanic White mothers, the reference category, with a statistically significant association. No significant differences were seen between Hispanic and Non-Hispanic White mothers. 3. Further adjusted logistic regression will be used to analyze the association between mother's ethnicity and low birth weight, adjusting

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    102 views6 pages

    Lab 7 Answers

    Uploaded by

    welcome martin
    1. Logistic regression was used to analyze the association between mother's smoking during pregnancy and low birth weight, adjusting for gestational age. The odds of low birth weight were 1.96 times higher for mothers who smoked compared to those who did not smoke, though the association was only marginally significant. 2. Unadjusted analysis found the odds of low birth weight were 2.01 times higher for Non-Hispanic Black mothers compared to Non-Hispanic White mothers, the reference category, with a statistically significant association. No significant differences were seen between Hispanic and Non-Hispanic White mothers. 3. Further adjusted logistic regression will be used to analyze the association between mother's ethnicity and low birth weight, adjusting

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    of 6

    PH 750 Fundamentals of Biostatistics

    Logistic Regression

     Open NCBIRTH800mod dataset


    Recall that the North Carolina State Center for Health Statistics makes publicly available birth and infant
    death data for all children born in the state of North Carolina. This comprehensive dataset for the births
    in 2001 contains 120,300 records. The data in ‘NCBIRTH800.sav’ represents a random sample of 800 of
    those births and selected variables.
    Linear regression we are looking at the correlation btn two continuous data.
    Outcome has to be continuous
    Logistic regression…binary/two value ie alive/dead..sick/healthy….treatment
    response/not
    Not linear bcs it is not continuous.there is no line that can fit.

     Logistic Regression

    1. Is low birth weight associated with mother’s smoking status during pregnancy after
    accounting for gestational age?

    EXPLORATORY ANALYSIS

    First construct contingency tables for each categorical explanatory variable and the outcome variable

    • ANALYZE →DESCRIPTIVES →CROSSTABS

    Smoked during pregnancy * Low birthweight infant Crosstabulation


    Low birthweight infant Total
    Infant was Infant was
    not low low
    birthweight birthweight
    Count 629 55 684
    Mother did not smoke
    during pregnancy % within Smoked 92.0% 8.0% 100.0%
    Smoked during during pregnancy
    pregnancy Count 99 15 114
    Mother did smoke
    during pregnancy % within Smoked 86.8% 13.2% 100.0%
    during pregnancy
    Count 728 70 798
    Total % within Smoked 91.2% 8.8% 100.0%
    during pregnancy

    Chi-Square Tests
    Value df Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1-
    sided) sided) sided)
    Pearson Chi-Square 3.197a 1 .074
    Continuity Correction b 2.590 1 .108
    Likelihood Ratio 2.877 1 .090
    Fisher's Exact Test .105 .059

    1
    PH 750 Fundamentals of Biostatistics

    Linear-by-Linear Association 3.193 1 .074


    N of Valid Cases 798
    a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 10.00.
    b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

    Summary statistics:
    % low birth weight infants for mothers who smoked during pregnancy: 13.2%
    % low birth weight infants for mothers who did not smoke during pregnancy: 8.0%,

    629∗15
    χ²=3.20, df=1, p=0.074, unadjusted OR= =1.73
    99∗55

    The odds of low birth weight infants are 1.73 times higher among mothers who smoked during pregnancy
    as compared to those who did not smoke. This difference is marginally significant (p=0.074)

    Note: as part of exploratory analysis you may also assess the relationship between any continuous
    explanatory variables and the outcome using the independent samples t-test (not shown here).

    Logistic regression:
    ANALYZE →REGRESSION →BINARY LOGISTIC

    Under Options, check CI for exp(B).

    Variables in the Equation

    B S.E. Wald df Sig. Exp(B) 95% C.I.for EXP(B)

    Lower Upper

    Step 1a smoke .672 .378 3.166 1 .075 1.958 .934 4.105

    weeks -.610 .070 76.418 1 .000 .543 .474 .623

    2
    PH 750 Fundamentals of Biostatistics

    Constant 20.362 2.582 62.183 1 .000 697088468.827

    a. Variable(s) entered on step 1: smoke, weeks.

    Interpretation: The odds of low birth weight babies are 1.96 times higher among mothers who smoked
    during pregnancy as compared to those who did not smoke, after adjusting for gestational age
    (CI for OR (.93, 4.11)), this association is only marginally significant (p=.075).

    2. Is low birth weight associated with mother’s ethnicity, after accounting for gestational
    age, mother’s age and smoking status during pregnancy?

    Note: ‘Other’ ethnicity category was excluded because of the small sample size in that group

    Select Non-Hispanic White, Non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic mothers for the analysis:

    DATA  Select Cases Choose “If condition satisfied”

    Click “ethnmom” in and type <4

    3
    PH 750 Fundamentals of Biostatistics

    Click on Continue>OK
    Note that there is a new variable in the dataset called filter_$, which indicates which cases satisfy the
    condition (here indicating all Non Hispanic White, Non Hispanic Black and Hispanic mothers in the
    dataset)

    UNADJUSTED (CRUDE) ANALYSIS

    ANALYZE →REGRESSION →BINARY LOGISTIC

    Under Categorical move ethnmom into the Categorical Covariates box and select First to indicate that
    Non Hispanic White mothers are the reference category

    Reference category check:


    • SPSS output: choice of reference category
    • Variable coding in SPSS:
    • 1- Non-Hispanic White
    • 2-Non-Hispanic Black
    • 3-Hispanic
    • In logistic regression, the category coded with all zeros is the reference categories, here Non
    Hispanic White

    Categorical Variables Codings


    Frequency Parameter coding

    4
    PH 750 Fundamentals of Biostatistics

    (1) (2)
    Non-Hispanic White 523 .000 .000
    Ethnicity Non-Hispanic Black 168 1.000 .000
    Hispanic 82 .000 1.000
    Sample size for this analysis:

    Case Processing Summary


    Unweighted Casesa N Percent
    Included in Analysis 773 100.0
    Selected Cases Missing Cases 0 .0
    Total 773 100.0
    Unselected Cases 0 .0
    Total 773 100.0
    a. If weight is in effect, see classification table for the total number
    of cases.

    Dependent variable coding:


    Dependent Variable Encoding

    Original Value Internal


    Value

    Infant was not low birthweight 0


    Infant was low birthweight 1

    Logistic regression model:


    Variables in the Equation

    B S.E. Wald df Sig. Exp(B) 95% C.I.for EXP(B)

    Lower Upper

    ethnmom 6.913 2 .032

    ethnmom(1) .699 .275 6.463 1 .011 2.012 1.174 3.451


    Step 1a
    ethnmom(2) -.048 .455 .011 1 .916 .953 .391 2.325

    Constant -2.491 .165 229.245 1 .000 .083

    a. Variable(s) entered on step 1: ethnmom.

    In the unadjusted (crude) analysis:


     The odds of having low birth babies were higher for Non-Hispanic Black mothers, as compared to
    Non-Hispanic White mothers (reference category): OR=2.01, 95%CI (1.47, 3.45), p=0.11
     There were no statistically significant differences in the probability of having low birth weight
    babies between Hispanic vs. Non-Hispanic White mothers (reference categories): OR=.92,
    95%CI(.39, 2.32), p=.916.

    5
    PH 750 Fundamentals of Biostatistics

    ADJUSTED ANALYSIS

    ANALYZE →REGRESSION →BINARY LOGISTIC

    Under Categorical move ethnmom into the Categorical Covariates box and select First to indicate that
    Non Hispanic White mothers are the reference category

    Variables in the Equation


    B S.E. Wald df Sig. Exp(B) 95% C.I.for EXP(B)
    Lower Upper
    smoke .814 .389 4.378 1 .036 2.257 1.053 4.840
    weeks -.612 .071 74.059 1 .000 .542 .472 .623
    mage .000 .027 .000 1 .988 1.000 .949 1.054
    Step 1a ethnmom 1.578 2 .454
    ethnmom(1) .461 .368 1.570 1 .210 1.585 .771 3.257
    ethnmom(2) .223 .514 .189 1 .664 1.250 .456 3.425
    Constant 20.311 2.725 55.559 1 .000 662045947.745
    a. Variable(s) entered on step 1: smoke, weeks, mage, ethnmom.

    There are no statistically significant differences in the probability of having low birth weight babies
    between Non-Hispanic Black mothers vs. Non-Hispanic Black mothers (p=.210) and Hispanic vs. Non-
    Hispanic White mothers (p=.664), after adjusting for gestational age, mother’s age and smoking during
    pregnancy.

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