‫‪Examination Series, ES, No.

24‬‬ ‫ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﺍﻹﻣﺘﺤﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺭﻗﻢ ‪24‬‬

‫ﺍﻣﺘﺤﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺍﻻﻧﺸﺂﺀﺕ‬

‫‪CONCEPT OF STRUCTURES‬‬

‫اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮر أﺳﺎﻣﺔ رﻣﻀﺎن اﻟﺤﺮﻳﺮي‬

‫واﻷﺳﺘﺎذ اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮر اﻟﻤﻬﻨﺪس ﻋﺼﺎم ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻤﺎﺟﺪ أﺣﻤﺪ‬

‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻓﻴﺼﻞ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺪﻣﺎﻡ‪2008 ،‬‬

‫‪1‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻣﺘﺤﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺍﻻﻧﺸﺂﺀﺕ‬
‫‪Concept of Structures‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺽ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺿﻊ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻻﻣﺘﺤﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻝ ﺍﳍﻨﺪﺳﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﻼﺏ ﰲ ﻓﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﻬﺑﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻌﺮﻳﻀﻬﻢ ﺠﻤﻟﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﺭﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﳍﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﻧﺔ ﻟﺘﻌﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺋﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺘﻀﺢ ﻏﺎﻣﺾ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺎﺕ ﻭﻣﻜﻨﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺮﺳﺦ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺔ ﻭﺗﺮﺗﻔﻊ ﺍﳌﻌﻨﻮﻳﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺒﲔ ﺍﻟﺮﺅﻯ‪.‬‬

‫‪2‬‬
 First Quiz
Determine the reactions for the beam shown below. Then draw the N.F.D, S.F.D. and B.M.D.

120 kN 100 kN

A 2 5 3
B
Solution
For equilibrium RA RB
ΣFy = 0
RA + RB = 120 + 100 =220 kN 10
Taking moments about A:
ΣMA = 0
RBx10 = 120x2 + 100x7
RB = 94 kN
And RA = 126 kN

Take moments at section x-x

0 < x < 10
Mx = 126.x – 120(x - 2) – 100(x - 7)
x
X = 0, M = 0
X = 2, M = 126x2 = 252 kN.m
X = 7, M = 126x7 – 120x5 – 0 = 282 kN.m 120
100
X = 10, M = 126x10 – 120x8 – 100x3 = 0

12625 94
x

126

Base-line 3 6
datum

13 S.F.D

94

282

252

B.M.D.
0

3
 Midterm examination
Problem 1
Determine the reactions for the beam shown below. Then draw N.F.D, S.F.D. and B.M.D.

75 kN

75 kN
35 kN/m
20 kN/m
2.5
3.5
A C
B
RA = 200 RB = 305 RC = 37.5

3
9.5 7

Solution
For equilibrium
ΣFy = 0
RA + RB + RC = 35x9.5 + 75 + 20x3 + 75 = 542.5 kN (1)

Taking moments about link (for right side of beam) = 0

ΣMlink = 0
RCx7 = 75x3.5
RC = 37.5 kN (2)
Substituting equation 2 in equation 1:
RA + RB = 542.5 – 37.5 = 505 (3)
Taking moments about link (for left side of beam) = 0
ΣMlink = 0
RAx12.5 + RBx3 = 35x9.5x(3 + 9.5/2) + 75x10 + 20x3x(1.5) = 3416.875 (4)
Multuiplying equation 3 by 3:
3RA + 3RB = 1515 (5)
Subtrating equation 5 from equation 4
RAx(12.5 – 3) = 3416.875 – 1515 = 1901.875
RA = 200 kN
RB = 505 – 200 = 305 kN

4
 1 2 3
4
75 kN
Shear force
75 kN
Section 1-1
0 < x < 2.5 35 kN/m
20 kN/m
V = 200 – 35x 2.5
3.5
X = 0, V = 200 kN A C
X = 2.5, V = 200 - 35x2.5 = 112.5 B

Section 2-2 RA = 200

2 RB = 305 RC = 37.5
0 < x < 9.5
V = 121 – 35x - 75 1 x
4
X = 9.5, V = 200 - 35x9.5 - 75 = - 207.5
200 kN
Section 3-3
0 < x < 12.5
V = 200 – 35*9.5 – 75 + 305 – 20*(x – 9.5)
X = 12.5, V = 200 - 35x9.5 - 75 -305- 20x3
112.5
= - 37.5
97.5

Bending moment 37.5 37.5

37.5
Section 1-1 37.5
0 < x < 2.5 S.F.D.
M = 200x – 35x*x/2 0
X = 0, M = 0 kN.m
X = 2.5, -37.5
M = 200x2.5 - 35x2.5x2.5/2
= 390.625 kN.m

Section 2-2
0 < x < 9.5
M = 200x – 35x*x/2 -75(x-2.5)
X = 9.5, -207.5
M = 200x9.5 - 35x9.5x9.5/2 - 75x(9.5-2.5)
= 204.38 kN.m

390.625

0
0 B.M.D

131.25
-204.38

5
Section 3-3
0 < x < 12.5
M = 200*x – 35*9.5*(x-9.5/2) -75(x-2.5) + 305*(x-9.5) - 20(x-9.5)(x-9.5)/2
X = 12.5,
M = 200x12.5 - 35x9.5x(12.5-4.75) +305x(12.5-9.5) – 20x(12.5-9.5)x(12.5-9.5)/2
= 0 kN.m

Section 4-4
0 < x < 19.5
M = -375*x
X = 3.5,
M = - 3.75x3.5 = - 131.25 kN.m

Problem 2
Determine the reactions and internal forces in truss shown below.
G H I J K L

A B C D E F
250 kN 150 kN 200 kN 200 kN

5 5 5
5 5

6
 Solution
A) Analytical solution

Determine degree of indeterminancy

N = m + r – 2j = 21 + 3 – 2x12 = 0
Determinate and stable.

G 287.5 H 325 I 325 J 212.5 K 100 L 100 kN

0
287.5 37.5 2 37.5 2 112.5
287.5 2 112.5 2 312.5 200 2 200
312.5 2

RAH =100 A B C E
D F
100 187.5 112.5 200 0

250 kN 150 kN 200 kN 200 kN

RAV= 287.5 512.5

ΣFH = RAH - 100 = 0

RAH = 100 kN
ΣFV = 0 ⇒ RA + RE = 250 + 150 + 200 + 200 = 800
Sum of moments about A = 0
250 × 5 + 150 × 10 + 200 × 15 + 200x25 = RE × 20 + 100x5
RE = 512.5 kN
RA = 800 – 512.5 = 287.5 kN

Use method of joints to determine internal forces within truss.

Joint A
ΣFV = 0 FAJ
287.5 + FAJ = 0
FAB
∴ FAJ = - 287.5
ΣFH = 0 100 + FAB = 0
100
FAB = - 100
287.5
7
 FGH
Joint G
ΣFV = 0
287.5 = FGB cos 45 287.5
FGB
F = 287.5 = 287.5 2
GB cos 45
ΣFH = 0
FGB cos 45 + FGH = 0
F = −287.5 2 ⋅ 1 = −287.5
GH 2

Joint B
Sum of vertical forces = 0
287.5 2 sin 45 + F = 250 FBH
BH 287.5 2
287.5 2 × 1 + F = 250 45
2 BH B
100 FBC
287.5 + FBH = 250 ⇒ FBH = -37.5
250
Sum of horizontal forces = 0
287.5 2 cos 45 = F + 100 ⇒ F = 187.5
BC BC

Joint H
Sum of vertical forces = 0
287.5 H
FHC cos 45 = 37.5 FHI
F = 37.5 = 37.5 2 45 FHC
HC cos 45 37.5
Sum of horizontal forces = 0
287.5 + FHI + FHC cos 45 = 0
287.50 + F + 37.5 2 ⋅ 1 = 0
HI 2
FHI = - 325

Joint I
Sum of horizontal forces = 0
325 + FIJ = 0 I
FIJ
FIJ = - 325 325
Sum of vertical forces = 0 FIC
FIC = 0

8
Joint C
ΣFV = 0 37.5 2
37.5 2 sin 45 + F sin 45 = 150 FCD
CJ FCJ
F = 112.5 2 45 45
CJ
187.5 C

ΣFH = 0 150

187.5 + 37.5 2 cos 45 = F cos 45 + F

CJ CD
187.5 + 37.50 2 ⋅ 1 = 112.5 2 ⋅ 1 + F
2 2 CD
FCD = 112.5

Joint J 325 J
Sum of vertical forces = 0 FJK
45
112.5 2 sin 45 = F FJD
JD 112.5 2
FJD = 112.5
Sum of horizontal forces = 0
325 − 112.50 2 ⋅ 1 + F =0
2 JK
FJK = - 212.5

Joint D
Sum of vertical forces = 0 112.5
FDK
FDK sin 45 = 112.5 + 200
F = 312.5 2
DK 112.5 D FDE
ΣFH = 0
112.5 = FDE + FDK cos 45
200
F = +112.5 − 312.5 2 ⋅ 1 = 0
DE 2
FDE = - 200

Joint K

ΣFV = 0 212.5 K FKL

312.5 2 ⋅ 1 + F =0
2 KE
FKE = - 312.5 FKE
312.5 2
ΣFH = 0
212.5 + FKL = 312.5 2 cos45
F = 100
KL

9
Joint E
Sum of vertical forces = 0 312.5
FEL
FEL sin 45 + 512.5 = 312.5
F = −200 2
EL 200 E FEF
ΣFH = 0
200 + FEF + FEL cos 45 = 0
512.5
F = −200 + 200 2 ⋅ 1 = 0
EF 2

Joint L 100 L 100

Sum of vertical forces = 0 45
200 2 sin 45 = FLF FLF
FLF = 200 200 2
Sum of horizontal forces = 0
325 − 112.50 2 ⋅ 1 + F =0
2 JK
FJK = - 212.5

Check joint F

200

0 F

200

10
B) Graphical solution

11
12
 Second Quiz
Determine the reactions and draw the N.F.D, S.F.D. and B.M.Dfor the frame shown below.

100 kN ( 10 ton)

B C
Solution
For equilibrium 8 2
ΣFx = 0
RAH + RDH = 50 kN (1) 3
ΣFy = 0
RA + RD = 100 kN (2)

Taking moments about A: 50 kN ( 5 ton)

ΣMA = 0
RDx10 + 50x2 = 100x8 2
RD = 80 – 10 = 70 kN (3)
And from (2) RAH = 0 A D
RDH = 50
RA = 100 – 70 = 30 kN (4)

Taking moments about link (B): RA = 30 RD = 70

ΣMB = 0 (left portion) 10
RAHx5 = 0
RAH = 0 (5)
From (1)
RDH = 50 + 0
RDH = 50
30 kN = 3 t 30 kN = 3 t
30 kN = 3 t 30 kN = 3 t

B C C C
B
B

S.F.D.
S.F.D.

-50 kN = 5 t A -50 kN = 5 t D
A D

13
 -30 kN = -3 t -70 kN =- 7 t
C -30 kN = -3 t
-70 kN =- 7 t
B C
B
B C

N.F.D.
N.F.D.

A D
A D

240 kN.m = 24t.m 240 kN.m = 24t.m

100 kN.m = 10t.m 100 kN.m = 10t.m

B
100 kN.m = 10t.m 100 kN.m = 10t.m
B B C
C C

B.M.D B.M.D
70 kN.m = 7t.m . 70 kN.m = 7t.m
.

A A D
D

14
 Third Quiz
Determine the reactions and draw the N.F.D, S.F.D. and B.M.Dfor the frame shown below.

12 ton

B C
Solution
For equilibrium 7 5
ΣFx = 0
RDH = 8 t (1) 3
ΣFy = 0
RA + RD = 12 t (2)
8 ton
Taking moments about A:
ΣMA = 0
RDx12 + 8x3 = 12x7 3
RD = 5 t (3)
Sub. (3) in (2) yiels A D
RDH = 8
RA = 12 – 5 = 7 t (4)

RA = 7 RD = 5
12

7t 7t

B C C C
B
B

5t 5t

S.F.D.

A -8 t D
-8 t
A D

15
 C
B C
B
B C

N.F.D.
N.F.D.

A -5 t D
A 5t D 7t
7t

49 t.m 49 t.m
24 t.m
24 t.m
B
24 t.m
B C C B C 24 t.m

B.M.D B.M.D
. .
24 t.m

A D A D

16
King Faisal University Instructor: Dr. Al Hariri & Prof.
College of Architecture & Planning Abdel-Magid
Concept of Structures I (525-251) Date: 15 Feb 2009

Final Exam
Answer All questions
Q1
Determine the resultant of the forces shown in figure (1). 10 ton
7 ton

30 5 ton

Figure 1 30 45

15 ton
12 ton

Solution

7 sin30

7cos30 5
12cos45
15 cos30

12in45

15sin30

ΣFx = 7cos30 + = + 12cos45 – 15cos30 = 6.06 + 5 + 8.48 – 12.99 = 6.56 t

ΣFy = 10 + 7sin30 - 12sin45 – 15cos30 = 10 + 3.5 – 8.48 – 7.5 = - 2.48 t

Resultant:

6.56 2.48 7.01

Direction of resultant:
∑ .
∑ .
0.378 20.709 20° 42 32" (4th quarter)

17
Q2
Determine the reactions and draw the N.F.D, S.F.D. and B.M.D for the beam shown in figure 2.
5 ton 10 ton 2.0 ton/m
2 4

A
B
8 2

Figure 2
Solution 10 ton
5 ton 2.0 ton/m
For equilibrium
ΣMA = 0
5 x 2 + 10 x 6 – RB x 8 + 2 x 2 x9 = 0 A
Therefore, RB = 13.25 t B
ΣFy = 0
5 + 10 + 2 x2 – 13.25 - RA = 0 RA RB
2 4 2 2
Thus, RA = 5.75 t

5.75 t
5.75 t 4t

S.F.D 0.75 t 0.75 t

9.25 t

4 t.m

B.M.D

11.5 t.m

14.5 t.m

18
Q3
Determine the reactions and draw the N.F.D, S.F.D. and B.M.D for the frame shown in figure 3.
10 ton
2 ton/m

B C

2 8

A D

10
Solution
For equilibrium Figure 3
Taking moments about A:
ΣMA = 0
10 x 2 + 2 x 10 x5 - yD x 10 = 0
10 ton
yD = 12 t (3)
2 ton/m
Sub. (3) in (2) yiels C
B
RA = 12 – 5 = 7 t (4)
2 8
ΣFy = 0
10 + 2 x 10 – yA – 12 = 0 4
yA = 18 t

XA = 0 D
A

10 yD = 12 t
yA = 18 t
Figure 3

19
18 t

14 t

4t
18 t 12 t

12 t

S.F.D. N.F.D.

1 . 32 t.m

16 .

B.M.D.

20
Q4
Determine the reactions and forces X, Y and Z in members HI, HC and BC respectively in figure
4.
H X I J K L 8 ton

4 Y
B Z C D E F BG
Figure 4 A
4 4 4 4 4 4
5 ton 11 ton 12 ton 18 ton 10 ton
Solution
L J I H
X = 48 t 8t

3m 37.5 t Y = 30.4 t
5t

F G
D E
B
8t A 18.5 t Z = 18.5 t C

4 4 4 4 4 4

5t 11 t 12 t 18 t 10 t

yA = 26.5 t YG = 29.5 t

Determine degree of indeterminancy

N = m + r – 2j = 21 + 3 – 2x12 = 0
Therefore, truss is determinate and stable.

Determine values of reactions:

Sum of moments about A = 0
5 × 4 + 11 × 8 + 12 × 12 + 18 x 16 + 10 x 20 - yG × 24 – 8 x 4 = 0
Therefore, yG = 29.5 t

ΣFy = 0 ⇒
5 + 11 + 12 + 18 + 10 – yG – yA = 0
Thus, yA = 26.5 t
ΣFx = 0 ⇒ xA = 8 t

Use method of joints to determine internal forces within truss.

Joint A
FAH = 37.5 t
21

8t
Sum of vertical forces = 0, ΣFV = 0

26.5 + FAH. sin 45 = 0

FAH. = 37.5 t

Sum of horizontal forces = 0, ΣFH = 0

8 + FAB - FAH Cos 45 = 0
8 + FAB - 37.5 cos45 = 0
FAB = 18.5 t

Joint H
Sum of vertical forces = 0, ΣFV = 0
5 + Y cos45 – 37.5 cos45 = 0
Thus, Y = 30.4 t X

Sum of horizontal forces = 0, ΣFH = 0 37.5 t

37.5 sin45 + 30.4 sin45 – X = 0 Y = 30.4 t
X = 48 t
5t
HI = X = 48 t (Compression)
HC = Y = 30.4 (Tension)
BC = Z = 18.5 t (Tension)

Q5
Determine the centre of gravity and moment of inertia of the section shown in figure 5.

1.5

2.5
Figure 5

1.5 2.5

22
Solution (2)

y
X
1.92

1.5
1.68
0.18
x
4
2.5 0.42

2.32

(1) 1.5 (1)

3.5

Area = 1.5 x 3.5 + 1.5 x 4 = 11.25 cm2

To determine c.g. take first moment of area around axis 1-1:

y(total area) = area 1 x distance of its centroid from axis 1-1 + area 2 x distance of its centroid
from axis 1-1

11.25 1.5 4 25 1.5 3.5 3.25

This gives:

y = 2.32 cm

Taking first moment of area around axis 2-2:

y(total area) = area 1 x distance of its centroid from axis 2-2 + area 2 x distance of its centroid
from axis 2-2

11.25 1.5 4 0.75 1.5 3.5 3.25

This gives:

x = 1.92 cm

23 (2)
 . . .
1.5 4 0.32 3.5 1.5 0.93 8 0.614 0.984 4.54
14 .14

1.5 3.5 4 1.5

1.5 3.5 1.33 4 1.5 1.17
12 12
5.36 9.29 1.125 8.213 23.98

24