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FSK Introduction

Frequency shift keying (FSK) is a digital modulation technique where the carrier frequency shifts between two frequencies to represent binary ones and zeros. In FSK, a lower frequency typically represents a 0 and a higher frequency represents a 1. FSK modulation and demodulation circuits can be developed in different ways. FSK signals can be demodulated by converting to amplitude shift keying using a filter, or synchronously by replicating the frequencies at the receiver and using synchronous demodulation.

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282 views3 pages

FSK Introduction

Frequency shift keying (FSK) is a digital modulation technique where the carrier frequency shifts between two frequencies to represent binary ones and zeros. In FSK, a lower frequency typically represents a 0 and a higher frequency represents a 1. FSK modulation and demodulation circuits can be developed in different ways. FSK signals can be demodulated by converting to amplitude shift keying using a filter, or synchronously by replicating the frequencies at the receiver and using synchronous demodulation.

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Mrmouzinho
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FSK MODULATION

Frequency shift keying (FSK) is a modulation / Data transmitting technique in which carrier
frequency is shifted between two distinct fixed frequencies to represent logic 1 and logic 0. The low
carrier frequency represents a digital 0 (space) and higher carrier frequency is a 1 (mark). FSK
system has a wide range of applications in
low speed digital data
transmission systems.
Waveforms are shown in
figure. FSK modulating &
demodulating circuitry can be
developed in number of ways; an
example binary information signal and FSK modulated signal are shown in the following figure.

In frequency shift keying, the signals transmitted


for marks (binary ones) and spaces (binary
zeros) are :

Respectively. This is called a discontinuous phase FSK


system, since the phase of the signal is discontinuous at
the switching times. A signal of this form can be
generated by the following system:
FSK DEMODULATION
FSK signal demodulation can be done by converting FSK to ASK by means of a filter whose
downward slope is centered between two FSK frequencies, followed by an ASK demodulator. Like
synchronous demodulators, these two discrete frequencies can also be replicated at the receiver (via
PLL) and synchronous demodulation can be performed. Contrary to common belief, the use of
matching filters is difficult or very limiting to perform here, as in reality these discrete frequencies
are very close to each other and therefore the start and end times of the bits must be determined.
very accurately. On the other hand, a synchronous demodulator synchronised with one of the
operators is easier for binary FSK, whereas binary FSK is the sum of two ASK modulated signals
with different operators. However, in this case, you cannot benefit from the higher bandwidth. It
would be better to synchronously demodulate two ASKs and apply the decision criteria later by
looking the figures on the bottom

Asynchronous
A close look at the waveform that it is the sum of two amplitude shift keyed (ASK) signals. These
signals were examined in the experiment entitled ASK- amplitude shift keying. The receiver takes
advantage of this. The FSK signal has been separated into two parts by bandpass filters (BPF) tuned
to the MARK and SPACE frequencies.

Demodulation by conversion-to-ASK
Synchronous
In the block diagram two local carriers, on each of the two frequencies of the binary FSK signal, are

synchronous demodulation

used in two synchronous demodulators. A decision circuit examines the two outputs, and decides
which is the most likely.
 

 
This is, in effect, a two channel receiver. The bandwidth of each depends on the bit rate of the
message. There will be a minimum frequency separation required for both tones. This demodulator
is more complex than most asynchronous demodulators.

Link
https://www.elprocus.com/fsk-modulation-demodulation-circuit-diagram/
https://web.njit.edu/~gilhc/ECE489/ece489-XIII.htm#Demodulation
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/digital_communication_frequency_shift_keying.htm

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