Scribd
Upload
83 views2 pages

CH301 Worksheet 9 (Answer Key) Rank The Following Solution Properties (From Lowest To Highest) : C H, H O, CH, NH

This document contains the answers to a chemistry worksheet involving intermolecular forces and solution properties. It ranks the properties of different molecules based on factors like boiling point and viscosity. It also identifies the dominant intermolecular forces in compounds like water, ethanol and potassium chloride. Finally, it explains how concepts like kinetic molecular theory, charge density and intermolecular forces can be used to rank and compare different molecular properties.

Uploaded by

John Bartolome
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
83 views2 pages

CH301 Worksheet 9 (Answer Key) Rank The Following Solution Properties (From Lowest To Highest) : C H, H O, CH, NH

This document contains the answers to a chemistry worksheet involving intermolecular forces and solution properties. It ranks the properties of different molecules based on factors like boiling point and viscosity. It also identifies the dominant intermolecular forces in compounds like water, ethanol and potassium chloride. Finally, it explains how concepts like kinetic molecular theory, charge density and intermolecular forces can be used to rank and compare different molecular properties.

Uploaded by

John Bartolome
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 2

CH301 Worksheet 9 (answer key)

1. Rank the following solution properties (from lowest to highest): C2H6, H2O, CH4, NH3
(a) boiling point
CH4 < C2H6 < NH3 < H2O

(b) viscosity
CH4 < C2H6 < NH3 < H2O

(c) evaporation rate


H2O < NH3 < C2H6 < CH4

(d) capillary action


CH4 < C2H6 < NH3 < H2O

2. Which of the above molecules are affected by instantaneous dipoles? Explain.


All of them. This is a trick question. It isn’t asking which force dominates, only whether a force
occurs. And instantaneous dipoles occur in all compounds because of changing electron
distributions.

3. Name two solution properties that have a trend that is opposite the trend for surface tension.
Evaporation rate, vapor pressure.

4. Give the approximate strength of


(a) a covalent bond
(b) a hydrogen bond
(c) a dipole-dipole interaction
(a) 400 kJ/mol (b) 20 kJ/mol (c) 5 kJ/mol

5. What is the dominant intermolecular force involved in the properties of the following species:
(a) Potassium chloride, KCl
Ionic bonding
(b) Xenon tetrafluoride, XeF4
Instantaneous dipole
(c) Ethanol, C2H5OH
Hydrogen bonding
(d) NO2-
Dipole-dipole

5. Provide an explanation for the following physical properties:


(a) Water beads up on your windshield, but acetone doesn't.
Water experiences hydrogen bonding, so it has a higher surface tension than acetone,
which only has dipole-dipole interactions.

(b) Butane, C4H10, is a gas at STP, while pentane, C5H12, is a liquid.

Because pentane is longer, it has a stronger instantaneous dipole.

(c) Molecular nitrogen boils at 77 K, while nitric oxide boils at 110 K.

NO has a permanent dipole, while N2 has only instantaneous dipoles.


6. Explain the basic theory behind
(a) instantaneous dipoles
Although nonpolar molecules have no dipole on average, at some time they will have a
transitory one because the momentary electron distribution is not symmetrical.

(b) hydrogen bonding.


Hydrogen is very small and only has one electron. Thus, when it's bonding, the electron
density is pulled away from it and hydrogen is very electropositive.

7. Why can an ionic bond be considered to be both an intermolecular and intramolecular force?
In an ionic crystal, there is no clear demarcation between molecules. For example, in a NaCl
crystal, each Na+ has ionic interaction with several Cl- ions, although a “molecule” consists of
only one of each.

8 Dr. Laude has used core concepts associated with kinetic molecular theory, intermolecular forces and
charge density to help him explain and rank the various properties of chemical compounds. For each
core concept below, list two properties that can be explained by the concept. Then write a one
sentence argument you would use to rank a series of compounds and rank the compounds provided for
each.

Kinetic molecular theory:


Two properties you can rank: (speed, diffusion, effusion)

One sentence argument: Smaller molecules move faster with the same amount of energy as larger
molecules, a since v = (2E/m)1/2.
Ranking of H2 < H2O < CHCl3 < CCl4< SF6

Charge Density:
Two properties you can rank: lattice energy, solubility in water

One sentence argument: Molecules with higher charge density pull more strongly on each other and are
more difficult to break apart or solubilize.

Ranking of NaI< NaCl< LiF< CaCl2

Intermolecular forces:
Two properties you can rank: viscosity, boiling point

One sentence argument: As the stickiness (magnitude) of intermolecular forces increase, and as size
increases, the boiling point and viscosity increase.
Ranking of H2< SF6 < CCl4 < CHCl3 < H2O
:

You might also like