Media and Information Literacy - Senior High School

Alternative Delivery Mode

Quarter 1 - Module 1: Introduction to Media and Information Literacy
First Edition, 2020

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Development Team of the Module:

Author: Marilou L. Lora
Reviewers: Therese Mae C.
Maandig Arian M.
Edullantes Abihail L.
Gimena
Illustrator: Jay Michael A. Calipusan
Management Team:
Chairperson: Dr. Arturo B. Bayocot, CESO III
Regional Director
Co-Chairpersons: Dr. Victor G. De Gracia Jr., CESO V
Asst. Regional
Director Mala Epra B.
Magnaong CES,
CLMD
Members: Dr. Bienvenido U. Tagolimot, Jr.
Regional ADM Coordinator
Elson C. Jamero
EPS-Designate-TLE

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 Senior High School

Media and Information

Literacy
Quarter 1 - Module 1:
Introduction to Media and
Information Literacy

This instructional material was collaboratively developed and reviewed by

educators from public and private schools, colleges, and or/universities. We encourage
teachers and other education stakeholders to email their feedback, comments, and
recommendations to the Department of Education at action@ deped.gov.ph.

We value your feedback and recommendations.

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

 Table of Contents

What This Module is About .................................................................................................... I

What I Need to Know ............................................................................................................. I
How to Learn from this Module ............................................................................................. II
Icons of this Module .............................................................................................................. II
What I Know ......................................................................................................................... III
Lesson 1:
Introduction to Media and Information Literacy ........................................................................ 1
What I Need to Know....................................................................................................... 1
What’s New: Different Kinds of Media............................................................................. 2
What Is It .......................................................................................................................... 3
What’s More: Identification of the Use of Media ............................................................. 3
What Is It: Definition of Terms ....................................................................................................... 4
What’s More: Case Analysis............................................................................................ 5
What’s New: Inventory of Media Habit, Lifestyle and Preferences ................................. 6
What I Have Learned: Synthesizing your Learning ........................................................ 7
What I Can Do: Online Browsing of Satirical Sites ......................................................... 8

Lesson 2:
Information Literacy .......................................................................................................... 9
What’s In .......................................................................................................................... 9
What I Need to Know....................................................................................................... 9
What’s New: Situational Simulation .............................................................................. 10
What Is It: Stages/ Elements of Information Literacy .................................................... 10
What’s More: Social Media Scenario ............................................................................ 11
What I Have Learned: Information Ethics ..................................................................... 12
What I Can Do: Detecting Fake News Online ............................................................... 13

Summary ............................................................................................................................. 14
What This Module is About
Welcome to the 21st Century Society!
We live in a world where the quality of information we receive largely determines our
choices and ensuing actions, including our capacity to enjoy fundamental freedoms and the
ability for self-determination and development. Driven by technological improvements in
telecommunications, there is also a proliferation of media and other information providers
through which vast amounts of information and knowledge are accessed and shared by citizens
(Karklins, J., UNESCO).
This Module is an introductory part for the subject in Media and Information Literacy,
which will pave the way towards more meaningful discussions and interactions. This is aimed
in introducing the concept of Media and Information Literacy to Senior High School learners,
as solid ground for college readiness. Basic concepts and terminologies will be presented as
we go along the module.
Together, let us scan the next few pages of this module in order for us to be fully
equipped and to be media and information literate individual. There are several standard
symbols (icons) used as you go about in the completion of this module. For instance, a hand
cupped with a sprout represents an activity that introduces you to a new lesson or concept.
This is reinforced with the magnifying glass icon that discusses the activity as a part of the
lesson, enabling you to discover and understand the totality of the lesson. Highlighting each
lesson is your application of learning, an activity that shall transfer the skills and knowledge
gained into your real-life situations, symbolized with a nut and wrench tandem.
This module contains varied activities that can help you as a Senior High School student
to not just be an information literate individual, but a creative and critical thinker as well as
responsible user and competent producer of media and information.
The following are the lessons contained in this module:
1. Introduction to Media and Information Literacy;
2. Information Literacy.

What I Need to Know

At the end of this module, you should be able to:

1. Describe how much media and information affect communication (MIL11/12IMIL-IIIa-1);
2. Identify the similarities and differences of media literacy, information literacy, and
technology literacy (MIL11/12IMIL-IIIa-2);
3. Editorializes the value of being a media and information literate individual. (MIL11/12IMIL-
IIIa-3);
4. Identifies characteristics /describes a responsible user and competent producers of
media and information (MIL11/12IMIL-IIIa-3);
5. Share one’s media habits, lifestyles and preferences (MIL11/12IMIL-IIIa-4);
 6. Define information needs; can locate, access, assess, organize, and communicate
information (MIL11/12IL-IIIc-8);
7. Demonstrate ethical use of information (MIL11/12IL-IIIc-9).

How to Learn from this Module

To achieve the objectives cited above, you are to do the following:
• Take your time reading the lessons carefully.
• Follow the directions and/or instructions in the activities and exercises diligently.
• Answer all the given tests and exercises.

Icons of this Module

What I Need to This part contains learning objectives that are
Know set for you to learn as you go along the
module.
What I know This is an assessment as to your level of
knowledge to the subject matter at hand,
meant specifically to gauge prior related
knowledge
What’s In This part connects previous lesson with that of
the current one.

What’s New An introduction of the new lesson through

various activities, before it will be presented to
you

What is It These are discussions of the activities as a

way to deepen your discovery and under-
standing of the concept.

What’s More These are follow-up activities that are in-

tended for you to practice further to master the
competencies.

What I Have Activities designed to process what you

Learned have learned from the lesson

What I can do These are tasks that are designed to show- case
your skills and knowledge gained and applied into
real-life concerns and situations.
 What I Know

Multiple Choice. Select the letter of the best answer from among the given choices.

1. This type of literacy identifies what the information is for, where to find it, and how to
evaluate it.
A. Media Literacy B. Information Literacy
C. Technology Literacy D. All of the Above
2. The medium of communication that requires face to face interaction using one’s voice
as the tool to deliver the message.
A. Digital/ Interactive Communication B. Conversation
C. Public Speaking D. Digital Art
3. The following are possible sources of information, EXCEPT:
A. Newspaper B. Television
C. Printer D. Smartphones
4. Which of the following is an example of technology used as a medium of communication?
A. Newspaper B. Television
C. Laptop computers D. Smartphones
5. An information literate person should first understand the situation or problem to figure
out what specific type of information he or she needed.
A. True B. False
C. Maybe D. Neither True or False
6. It is defined as the as the imparting and exchanging of information or news.
A. Communication B. Public Speaking
C. Media D. Information Sources
7. Physical things such as tarpaulin billboards, posters, in-package information contained
in product packaging are example of what medium of communication?
A. Visual Art B. Physical Medium
C. Digital/ Interactive D. Documents/ Letters
8. This refers to various channels of communication between a person or persons and
their intended audience.
A. Communication B. Public Speaking
C. Media D. Information Sources
9. This is considered the oldest form of Media
A. Print B. Visual Art
C. Physical Medium D. Digital/ Interactive
10. It is the ability of an individual, either working independently or with others, to use of
technological tools responsibly, appropriately, and effectively.
A. Media Literacy B. Information Literacy
C. Technology Literacy D. All of the Above
 Lesson
Lesson 1
1

What I Need to Know

In this fast-paced, technology-driven time, we are bombarded with various information

here and there, in the convenience of a click, right in the comforts of our very own homes. Being
Senior High School students, you are expected to be literate, not just in terms of numbers and
letters, but to be able to fully grasp up to what extent information may be used and distributed.
But first, we need to take a close look at the ways by which we use, and eventually
distribute information. Hence, we will look into communication and its medium. Take a look at
the picture below.
Photo Credit: https://huddle.eurostarsoftwaretesting.com/lessons-learnt-effective-communication/

Photo Credit: https://huddle.eurostarsoftwaretesting.com/lessons-learnt-effective-communication/

The picture above depicts how each individual communicate at different levels, at
different forms. Each one of us has a personal concept of communication. Communication is
broadly defined as the imparting and exchanging of information or news (Retrieved from
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/communication on October 31, 2018).
In order to communicate, we use different medium of communication to carry out the
message we want to convey. There are various outlets that we can use in order to deliver our
message. Few of the examples are listed below.
 Table 1. Examples of Communication Medium
Communication Medium How it Works
Person to person interaction using one’s voice as the tool to
Conversation
deliver the message.
One to many interaction using one’s voice as the tool to
Public Speaking deliver the message to a large number of people, at any
given time.
Written messages in whatever form, usually on paper and
Documents/ Letters/ Mails
print.
Messages rendered in the form of paintings, drawings,
Visual Art photography, videos, images, and the like, that conveys
specific emotion, idea or thought.
Physical things such as tarpaulin billboards, posters, in-
Physical Medium package information contained in product packaging, and
the like.
Digital and electronic means to convey messages such as
Digital/ Interactive website or computer application, primarily by the use of
internet.
How about you, can you add more to the list?
With the concept of communication defined above, how then can media affect
communication? But, before we discuss further on that, we will contextualize media, as it is
used in your daily lives and routine as students.

What’s New

Table 2. Different Kinds of Media Used Daily

Activity 1: Different kinds of media
Media Used
With communicating, we make use 1. Cellular Mobile Phones
of different channels so as to convey and/or 2.
exchange information. Imagine a typical 3.
day in your life as a Senior High School
4.
Student. Identify and list down ten (10)
different kinds of media that you use in 5.
order to communicate information. The first 6.
one is done for you. 7.
8.
9.
10.
 What Is It

As you may have written from the list above, Media is commonly synonymous with
technology. So, what is Media anyway?
Media refers to various channels of communication between a person or persons and
their intended audience. Television, radio, newspapers and the internet are different types of
Media. One of the oldest forms of media is print. Thanks to the ever-changing technology, our
exposure to media is almost nonstop. Media shapes our perceptions of what is real. It
surrounds us in the forms of billboards, signage, and even the clothes you wear. We have radio,
television, computers, and smartphones. We have the internet, online video channels, and all
sorts of social media. So stop and look around, media is everywhere, and it’s not going away
anytime soon. Learn about it, understand it, so that you may be media smart. (YouTube Channel
MediaSmarts retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bBP_kswrtrw)
Simply put, media are the things or gadgets that we use in order to convey the details
of the information that we want to impart or communicate to people, and the society in general.
Example, if you want to notify your classmate of a meeting organized by a club you joined, how
will you go about communicating the information? Will you send text messages through your
cellular phone? Or maybe send a private message through social media? Or write it down on a
paper, and hang it on visible places around the campus? Whichever way, you must use a
medium to communicate the information. Hence, communication and media are directly
interrelated, such that media serves as a platform by which one can meaningfully express and
communicate oneself.
Furthermore, a specific media (thing/ gadget) can either be a Source of Information, a
Medium of Communication, or both. A media is considered a source of information if the use of
the media provides knowledge and information about something, while a media used as a
channel to convey information is considered a medium of communication. A media can also be
simultaneously used both as a source and a medium of information. To give you more of this
concept, you may answer the activity below.

What’s More
Table 3. Identification of Media and its Use

Media Used Use of Media

Activity 1: Different kinds of 1. Cellular Mobile Phones B) Medium of Communication
media 2.
From the list that you have 3.
identified from Activity 1, identify 4.
the use of the specific media 5.
listed if it is (A) Source of 6.
Information, (B) Medium of 7.
Communication, or (C) Both. The 8.
first one is done for you. 9.
10.
 What Is It

From the example done for you, a Cellular Mobile Phone with simple call and text
features is an example of a medium of communication, because it allows you to communicate
and reach out to others. However, Smart Phones which are types of mobile phones having the
multi-purpose features of communication, multimedia functionality, wireless communication like
Bluetooth and wi-fi, is an example of both a source of information and a medium of
communication. Needless to say, a smart phone can be used as a medium to communicate to
other people from across the globe, and if loaded with cellular data, can surf the internet hence,
a potential source of information.
Now that we have discussed the interrelationship of media and communication, we will
examine the different concepts that will be used in this subject. We will build your definition on
the following key concepts, as referenced from the Teaching Guide of Media and Information
Literacy formulated by the CHED in collaboration with the Philippine Normal University:

A. Literacy- The ability to identify, understand, E. Information Literacy- The ability to recognize
when information is needed, and to locate,
interpret, create, communicate, and compute,
evaluate, and effectively communicate
using printed and written materials associated
information in its various
with varying contexts. Literacy involves a
continuum of learning, wherein individuals are
able to achieve their goals, develop their
knowledge and potential, and participate fully in
their community and wider society.
B. Media- The physical objects used to F. Technology (Digital) Literacy- The ability of
communicate with or the mass communication an individual, either working independently or
through physical objects such as radio, with others, to responsibly, appropriately, and
television, computers, film, etc. It also refers to effectively use technological tools. Using these
any physical object used to communicate tools an individual can access, manage,
messages. integrate, evaluate, create and communicate
information.
G. Media Literacy- The ability to access, analyze, G. Media and Information Literacy- The
evaluate, and create media in a variety of forms. essential skills and competencies that allow
It aims to empower citizens by providing them individuals to engage with media and other
with the competencies (knowledge and skills) information providers effectively, as well as
necessary to engage with traditional media and develop critical thinking and life-long learning
new technologies. skills to socialize and become active citizens.

H. Information- A broad term that covers

processed data, knowledge derived from study,
experience, instruction, signals or symbols.

Figure 1. The interrelationship of the different

concepts of Media and Information Literacy
 What’s More

Activity 3: Case Analysis

With the concept given above, let us now test your comprehension. Answer the activity
that follows.
Given below are situations that depict a specific literacy that an individual exhibit.
Identify if it is Media Literacy, Information Literacy, Technology (Digital) Literacy, or Media and
Information Literacy. The first one is done for you.
Table 4. Case Analysis on different literacies
Situation Literacy
Ashley, a Grade 11 student of Gintong Tubig Senior High
School is proficient in using her i7 processor laptop with so Technology (Digital)
much ease and comfort. In fact, she is accustomed to use it
Literacy
to create powerful PowerPoint presentations during graded
class reporting.
In order to add related literature to his Practical Research
project, Donnie accesses Google Scholar, and reads through
various journals and studies that may help him in his
research.
One of the Performance Task for the Midterms of the Grade
11 Jenner class of Mabuhay Senior High School is to create
a short film highlighting their advocacy on Human Trafficking.
The class used the Quik ™ app to edit their video.
The Grade 12- Patience class of Ms. Apolonio have registered
themselves to an online portal called Edmodo, in order to
connect themselves periodically, share assignments, and even
collaboratively work on a project, without meeting face to face.
Sybil constantly purchases load credits for her mobile
phone in order to send emails and messages to her
teacher in Media and Information Literacy.
As part of the various social media activities of David, a
Grade 12 HUMSS student, he periodically shares news bits
from credible online sources, then tag his friends who
may be interested with the information.
Mr. Dingal requires his Grade 11 students to prepare
PowerPoint Presentation or other presentation tools when
doing graded class reporting.
In order to convey his stand on various social issues involving
his peers, Marla uses her Twitter and Facebook
accounts to air her sentiments and opinions.
 From the example given above, Ashley exemplified literacy in the use of technology,
specifically the use of her i7 processor laptop. The i7 processor laptop is a form of technology,
so the answer is Technology (Digital) Technology.
Now that you have concretely conceptualized the similarities and differences of the
literacies enumerated above, we will now integrate the value of being literate in media and
information to your life as a Senior High School student.
Part of integrating values to your learning towards becoming a literate in media and
information is an inventory of your media habit, lifestyle and preferences. This means that you
will assess your personal schedule and list down your common online activities and quantify it
as to the number of hours you have spent engaged for the specific activity. The table below
shows an example of a common response.
Table 5. Example of a Weekly Inventory of Media Habit, Lifestyle and Preferences
Number of Hours in a week
Media or Information Provider
(168 hours/week)
YouTube 3 hours
Facebook 12 hours
Television, Radio 20 hours
Books 10 hours
Others: pep.ph, google.com 10 hours
TOTAL NUMBER OF HOURS/ WEEK 55 hours

What’s New

Activity 4: Inventory of Media Habit, Lifestyle and Preferences

Now, do your own personal inventory. Write it down in the table below, with reference
to the example from the table given above

Table 6. Weekly Online Activities Log

Weekly Online Activities Log
Media or Information Provider Number of hours in a week
(168 hours/ week)

TOTAL NUMBER OF HOURS/ WEEK

 What I Have Learned

Activity 5: Synthesizing Your Learning

Answer the following questions based on your learning. Be brief and concise.

1. From your own point of view, make a list that describes a person who is literate in
media and information. Write down at least five (5) characteristics.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
2. Of the list that you have enumerated in your Weekly Online Activities Log, which media
provider did you spend the most time? And what role does this media provider play in
your life as a SHS student?

3. Looking at the total number of hours you have spent on online activities per week, do
you think the figure is essential for your to be able to be media and information literate
individual?
 What I Can Do

Activity 6: Online Browsing of Satirical Sites

Photo Credits: Screenshot from https://adobochronicles.com/2015/06/08/china-lays-claim-over-manilas-chinatown/

The picture above shows a sample of fake news headlines lifted from https://
adobochronicles.com/2015/06/08/china-lays-claim-over-manilas-chinatown/, one of the
satirical websites circulating online. As a media and information literate individual, how will you
respond to this kind of information? Formulate the actions you will take by outlining it on the
table below.
Steps I will take How I will go about the steps
References

Janis Karklins, foreword to Media and Information Literacy Curriculum for Teachers
Paris: UNESCO, 2011, https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000192971

“Effective Communication”, accessed last January 2, 2019, https://huddle.

eurostarsoftwaretesting.com/lessons-learnt-effective-communication/

“What is Media Anyway?” YouTube Channel MediaSmarts, accessed last January 3,

2019, www.youtube.com/watch?v=bBP_kswrtrw

“Word Cloud Generator”, accessed January 14, 2020, https://bigcrunch.io/v/

nAEdNnc7nssE4Xi77EhSJg

Wilson, C. et.al., “UNESCO Media and Information Literacy Curriculum for Teachers”,
ISBN 978-92-3-104198-3, 2011

Teaching Guide for SHS: Media and Information Literacy, CHED in collaboration with the
PNU Quezon City: 2016, electronic version. https://www.academia.edu/39154647/
Teaching_Guide_for_Senior_High_School_MEDIA_AND_INFORMATION_
LITERACY_CORE_SUBJECT

“About Us”, accessed last August 9, 2019, https://adobochronicles.com/about/

“Think Before You Click: List of Pinoy fake news sites”, accessed last July 12, 2019,
https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/hashtag/content/382094/think-before-you-
click-list-of-pinoy-fake-news-sites/story/