Extrusion is a process where a billet is compressed through a die to produce a part with a desired cross-sectional shape. There are different types of extrusion including direct, indirect, hot, cold, and hydrostatic extrusion. Direct extrusion involves compressing a billet through a die at the end of a container using a ram. Indirect extrusion mounts the die to the ram. Hot extrusion is done above the metal's recrystallization temperature to reduce strength and increase ductility. Common defects in extruded parts include centerburst cracks, pipping, and surface cracks. Extrusion is analyzed using variables like extrusion ratio, strain, flow stress, and required pressure.
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Extrusion is a process where a billet is compressed through a die to produce a part with a desired cross-sectional shape. There are different types of extrusion including direct, indirect, hot, cold, and hydrostatic extrusion. Direct extrusion involves compressing a billet through a die at the end of a container using a ram. Indirect extrusion mounts the die to the ram. Hot extrusion is done above the metal's recrystallization temperature to reduce strength and increase ductility. Common defects in extruded parts include centerburst cracks, pipping, and surface cracks. Extrusion is analyzed using variables like extrusion ratio, strain, flow stress, and required pressure.
Extrusion is a process where a billet is compressed through a die to produce a part with a desired cross-sectional shape. There are different types of extrusion including direct, indirect, hot, cold, and hydrostatic extrusion. Direct extrusion involves compressing a billet through a die at the end of a container using a ram. Indirect extrusion mounts the die to the ram. Hot extrusion is done above the metal's recrystallization temperature to reduce strength and increase ductility. Common defects in extruded parts include centerburst cracks, pipping, and surface cracks. Extrusion is analyzed using variables like extrusion ratio, strain, flow stress, and required pressure.
Copyright:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
Extrusion is a process where a billet is compressed through a die to produce a part with a desired cross-sectional shape. There are different types of extrusion including direct, indirect, hot, cold, and hydrostatic extrusion. Direct extrusion involves compressing a billet through a die at the end of a container using a ram. Indirect extrusion mounts the die to the ram. Hot extrusion is done above the metal's recrystallization temperature to reduce strength and increase ductility. Common defects in extruded parts include centerburst cracks, pipping, and surface cracks. Extrusion is analyzed using variables like extrusion ratio, strain, flow stress, and required pressure.
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REPORT
TOPIC - EXTRUSION
DEEPAK KUMAR SINGH
SECTION:-F4003
ROLL NO:-A07
REGD NO-11006886
GROUP-1
Extrusion is a compression process in which the work part id forced to flow
through a die opening to produce a desired crossection shape. The process is linked to squeezing toothpaste out of toothpaste tube.
1.Types of extrusion:-
1.1.Direct extrusion :-in this process billet is loaded into container ,and a ram compreses the material forces to flow through one or more die openings in a die at the opposite end of the container.asthe ram approaches the die the extra portion remains in the container ,it is called “Butt”.
One of the problems in direct extrusion is the friction between the workpart surface and the ram.which causes the irregularity in final shape.
1.2.Indirect extrusion:-In indirect extrusion die is mounted to the ram rather
than in the opposite side of the container .Indirect extrusion can be produce hallow crossection ,In this method ,the ram is pressed into the billet ,forcing the material to flow around the ram and take a cup shape.
1.3.Hot extrusion:-Extrusion can be perfomed in hot depending on work metal
and amount of strain which is subjected during deformation. Metal that are extruded by this process are copper, aluminium, magnesium and tin.
It involves heating of a billet above its recrystallisation temperature.This
reduces strength and increase ductibility of the material.Complex shape can be achived by this process.Addition advances include reduction of ram force,increase ram speed and reduction of grain flow finish,characteristics in final product.colling of billet in contact with the container wall is a problem ,so isothermal extrusional is sometime used for this problem.
1.4.Cold extrusion:-this type of extrusion is used for to produce discrete
parts,often in finished form.Impact extrusion term is used to indicate the high speed cold extrusion. Some important advances of cold extrusion include increages strength due to strain hardening, close tolerences,improves surface
finish, absence of oxide layers and high production rates.Cold extrusion at
room temp. Also estimates the need for heating of starting billet.
1.5.Impact extrusion:- Impact extrusion is performed at higher speeds and
shorter strokesthan convention extrusion.It is usedto make individual components.
Impacting can carried out as forward extrusion, backward extrusion and
combination of these.
1.6.Hydrostatic extrusion:-It is used to overcome the problem of friction
between billet container interface by surrounding the billet with fluid inside the container and applying pressure to it.It reduces the ram force as that of direct extrusion .It can be used either in room temp. Or any any elevated temp.
2.Defects in extrusion product:-
2.1.Centerburst:-this defects is an internal crack thatdevelops as aresult of
tensile stresses along the center of the workpart. The significant material movement in the outer the surface stretches the material along centre of the material.
2.2.Pipping:-It is a deformation of a sink hole at the end of the billet.The use of
dummy block whose diameter is slightly less than that of billet helps to avoid this defects.
2.3.Surface cracking:-This defects results from high workpart temp. That causes cracks to develop at the surface. They often occur when extrusion speed is too high.
3.Analysis of extrusion:-
3.1.Extrusion ratio:- It is the ratio between initial area and the final area.
r=Ao/Af where Ao is crossection area of initial billet and Af is crossection area of final billet.
3.2. p=Yf *lnrx=lnAo/Af
3.3. E=ln rx
3.4.Yf=kE^n/1+n
3.5.pf=Yf*2L/Do Where p is the pressure applied to the ram, E is the strain in the workpart and Yf is the average flow stress.
