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Radiographic Instrumentation Ii Name: Abdul Ashraf Bin Rasid

The document discusses radiographic instrumentation and contains 4 questions about illuminators, their purpose and importance, the importance of translucency, and a comparison of duplication and subtraction processes. It describes standard and mammography illuminators, explains how illuminators allow radiographers to view and evaluate images, and why translucency is important for even light distribution across films. It also compares analog duplication using contact printers to analog subtraction using mask and print films, and notes digital subtraction uses computers to remove bony superimpositions.

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Abdul Ashraf Rasid
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85 views5 pages

Radiographic Instrumentation Ii Name: Abdul Ashraf Bin Rasid

The document discusses radiographic instrumentation and contains 4 questions about illuminators, their purpose and importance, the importance of translucency, and a comparison of duplication and subtraction processes. It describes standard and mammography illuminators, explains how illuminators allow radiographers to view and evaluate images, and why translucency is important for even light distribution across films. It also compares analog duplication using contact printers to analog subtraction using mask and print films, and notes digital subtraction uses computers to remove bony superimpositions.

Uploaded by

Abdul Ashraf Rasid
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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RADIOGRAPHIC INSTRUMENTATION II

Name ABDUL ASHRAF BIN RASID

Matrix Number 2016627532

IC Number 980915126151

Group HS1122A

Lecturer Name MADAM FARAHNAZ BINTI AHMAD


ANWAR @ ANWAR BASHAH
Question 1

Describe two types of illuminators in Medical Imaging Department.

There are many types of illuminators out there, so the basic one that we use in

laboratory is the standard illuminator. It is from the Maxant’s and is surface mounted with

14” by 17” of view area. The intensity of light emit from this product is 4350 cd/m2 and its

viewing glass has heat resistance up to 180℉. Finally, it has 4 lamps F15T8/D, a fluorescent

tube bulb, which emit light of daylight and has colour temperature of 6,500K.

Next is Mammomask Illuminators, also from Maxant’s, which is used to view

mammography image film using high luminance. It has viewing area bigger than the standard

one which is 42.5” by 21.2”. The light emitted by this product are 5800 cd/m 2 and the lamp

used are F36T8/D, a fluorescent tube bulb, which emit daylight colour.
Question 2

The purpose and the importance of illuminators on radiographic images.

 Purpose of illuminators on radiographic images

Final product of image film cannot be seen without proper illumination, thus, the

illuminators for viewing the film is created. It gives us adequate light of viewing capabilities

for radiographer to do the interpretation and evaluation of the images. The light produced

from high luminance of fluorescent tube bulb must be in daylight colour so that the image can

be evaluate.

 Importance of illuminators on radiographic images

Illuminators are used by the radiographer to do identification of images that produced

before handing it to physicians to be evaluate once again. All medical imaging department

has varies of illuminators and this show how important illuminators are in this field. It also

helps radiographers to determine whether the image produced is acceptable and vice versa.

Other than radiographers, physicians also use the view box, also known as illuminator, to

explain patient’s problem to the patient before taking appropriate action.


Question 3

Explanation of the translucency of the illuminators is important for viewing

Translucency in viewing box is important because it helps to visualised image of film

beautifully. This is because translucency of the illuminators scattering the light photons. It is

does allow light to pass through but it is also does not automatically follow Snell’s Law.

When the light is scattered, it will reach the surface evenly, making each part of the viewing

box screen has the same density of light. When a film is exposed, we can see that every part

of the film has different density of blackness or the blackening of silver halide. If we put the

film on a view box which has a transparent screen and a fluorescent tube at the centre back of

the screen, the light photons are scattered, thus, we can see only at the centre of the film is

bright while at the lateral border not. That is the function of translucency in viewing box so

the light can be distributed evenly across the film.


Question 4

Comparison between duplication and subtraction processes

Duplication Subtraction
To duplicate copies of PURPOSE To remove unwanted images

radiograph from radiograph


Duplicating Film TYPE OF FILM Original Film – No Contrast

USED Series Film – With Contrast

Subtraction Mask Film

Subtraction Print Film


Simple Contact Printer PROCESSES Photographic Subtraction
Under safelight condition Took an original film and a
original radiograph placed (Analog) series film of an image. Place
emulsion side of duplicating original film on emulsion side
film. Glass sheet placed of subtraction mask film and
carefully on both. Use light expose it using duplication
source above for exposure then machine then process it. Next,
process the film. take it and superimpose with
series film then place it on
duplication machine and put
subtraction print film on top of
both film. Finally, expose it and
proceed to process.
Purpose-built Duplicating Unit PROCESSES Digital Subtraction
Put original radiograph on the Using computer only to remove
glass facing downward. Attach (Digital) the bony superimposition from
the emulsion site of duplicating series film.
film on the original radiograph
and close the lid. Set the *Subtraction technique
exposure time and light source. primarily used in angiographic
Finally, expose and process it.

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