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100 views11 pagesEee 221 Lab Manual 7 Convolution PDF
Uploaded by
Md IbtidaCopyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & COMPUTER ENGINEERING
NORTH SOUTH UNIVERSITY
EEE 221, ETE 221 — Signals and Systems
Experiment No: 07
ett
OA
In this lab we will lear to perform the convolution operation of two functions using MATLAB.
The convolution between two functions and is actually an integral of the two functions f(t) and
g(t) is written symbolically as
For continuous system:
yO =f) * 9) [-fe-ngwae
For discrete system:
le) = find = gla) =D? fla — me gi)
This integral occurs so frequently in physical science and engineering that it has been given
the special name convolution integral.
Check Wikipedia [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convolution} for visual explanation of
convolution.
‘There are two methods for analyzing the behavior or response of a Linear Time Invariant (LT1)
System
1. Direct Solution by Difference equations
2. Through the Convolution Sum
4 Main Steps of Convolution:
1. Folding: Fold x(k) about k = 0 to obtain x(-k)
2. Shifting: Shift x(-k) by ‘n.’ to obtain x(no-k)
3. Multiplication: Multiply h(k) by x(no-k) to obtain a product sequence for the values of
katno
4, Summation: Sum all the values of the product sequence to obtain the value of the output
atn=no
Repeat the procedure 3 and 4 to get responses at other values of n.
EE 22, ETE 221 Lab (NSU)
Eni nehnb osninnorsnchde Applications of Convolution:
© Signal processing © Image processing
© System analysis © Network analysis
© Filter design © Data analysis
x(t) x(t)
|
OE t 7
hit) x)
— w0-2fl
' T
h(-t) x)
7 (te)
i ty 7
tx) xq*h(d)
4 a T
% % toh wt
i 7 ran Butter Rat
Inputimage Convo Feature map OCP
-e 4 a
-1 8 -1 co
-1 -1 -1 at OOO
Convolution using for loopand if-else statement
Example:
Evaluate the convolution integral of the following two signals
x(t) = [1,1] and A(t) [ante]
EE 22, ETE 221 Lab (NSU)
Eni nehnb osninnorsnchde cle; clear all;
us
x input signal
he= (111);
system
length (x);
length (h) 7
[x, zeros (1,nh)}7
[h, zeros (1,nx)}7
% we will flip "h", our output will be "y
for i 1: nhtnx-1
yi) = 07
for j = 1: 1: nx
Le(i-j+1 > 0)
ytd) = yi)
1
+ x1(5) *hL (G-341)7
end
end
end
y
subplot (311)
stem(x, 'b',
grid on;
xlim({-6 8])
"linewidth", 3)
subplot (312)
stem(h, 'r',
grid on;
xlim([-6 8])
"linewidth", 3)
subplot (313)
stem(y, 'ks',
grid ony
xlim([-6 8])
‘Linewidth',2)
1
05
0
4 : 0 2 4 6 8
1
05
0
6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8
Litt
0
6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8
EE 22, ETE 221 Lab (NSU)
Ei nehnb hsninortsohe Convolution Using Built In Function ‘conv’
MATLAB has a built in convolution function called ‘conv’ that computes the convolution
between two finite duration sequence.
It assumes that the two sequences begin at n=0
Example:
Evaluate the convolution integral of the following two signals-
x@ = [111] and Ae)
cle; clear all;
x= (114i; % input signal
h=(11111; % system
y = conv (x,h)
subplot (311)
stem(x, 'b', 'linewidth',3)
grid on; xlim([-6 8])
subplot (312)
stem(h, 'r', 'linewidth',3)
grid on; xlim([-6 8])
subplot (313)
stem(y, 'ks', 'linewidth',2)
grid on; xlim([-6 8])
1
05
;
6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8
:
05
0
6 4 2 oO 2 4 6 8
4
; LLyt
; : ?
EE 22, ETE 221 Lab (NSU)
ill mehrb hosingnorhsouhos Another Example with Continuous Signals:
x()=1, [0stsi] and ho)
x(t)=0, [10) - (t>1)7 1
K = (U0) - (02207
Eh
y = conv(h, x)
subplot (311); xt)
plot (t, h)? grid on 1
axis([-2 4 -0.5 1.51)
title (h(t) ")
:
subplot (312);
plot (t, x)? grid on
axis([-2 4 -0.5 1.5]) y(t)
title (x(t) ")
subplot (313);
plot (0:0.001:4, y); grid on
axis([-2 4 -500 1500})
title('y(t)") 2
Problem with the built in ‘conv’ function
“conv” function neither provides nor accepts any timing information if the sequence have
arbitrary support. So we will write a MATLAB program which will have timing information
along with the signal function.
General Steps of Creating Timing Information:
* Given finite duration x(n) and h(n), it is easy to determine these points,
© Let {x(n):mx1
