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Fundamental of Counting Principle

The document discusses the fundamental counting principle and provides examples of how to apply it to calculate the total number of possible outcomes when making multiple independent choices from different groups. It explains that the number of possible outcomes is calculated by multiplying the number of options in each group. Examples include calculating the number of two-course meal combinations at a restaurant, the number of possible class schedules with courses from different groups, the number of ways to answer a multiple choice test, and the number of possible telephone numbers.

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Rishab Jain 2027203
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408 views8 pages

Fundamental of Counting Principle

The document discusses the fundamental counting principle and provides examples of how to apply it to calculate the total number of possible outcomes when making multiple independent choices from different groups. It explains that the number of possible outcomes is calculated by multiplying the number of options in each group. Examples include calculating the number of two-course meal combinations at a restaurant, the number of possible class schedules with courses from different groups, the number of ways to answer a multiple choice test, and the number of possible telephone numbers.

Uploaded by

Rishab Jain 2027203
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BBA-103 PRINCIPLE OF COUNTING

UNIT - 1  Factorial Notation

 The Fundamental Counting Principle


1  Mathematical Induction

 Sequence and Series

 Concept of Function
FUNDAMENTAL
COUNTING PRINCIPLE

2
FUNDAMENTAL COUNTING
PRINCIPLE

 Definition

If you can choose one item from a group of M items and a second
item from a group of N items, then the total number of two-item
choices is M*N.

 Tree Diagram
A representation of all possible choices. This tree diagram shows
that there are 2*3 = 6 different outfits from 2 pairs of jeans and
3
three T-shirts.
EXAMPLE 1
APPLYING THE FUNDAMENTAL
COUNTING PRINCIPLE

The Greasy Spoon Restaurant offers 6 appetizers and 14


main courses. In how many ways can a person order a two-
course meal?

Solution:

Choosing from one of 6 appetizers and one of 14 main


courses, the total number of two-course meals is:

6 *14 = 84

4
THE FUNDAMENTAL COUNTING
PRINCIPLE WITH MORE THAN TWO
GROUPS OF ITEMS
 Definition

The number of ways in which a


series of successive things can
occur is found by multiplying the
number of ways in which each
thing can occur.

 The number of possible outfits


from 2 pair of jeans, 3 T-shirts
and 2 pairs of sneakers are:
5
2*3*2 = 12
EXAMPLE 2
APPLYING THE FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLE OF
COUNTING WITH MORE THAN TWO GROUPS OF
ITEMS
Options in Planning a Course Schedule
Next semester, you are planning to take three courses – math,
English and humanities. There are 8 sections of math, 5 of
English, and 4 of humanities that you find suitable.
Assuming no scheduling conflicts, how many different three-
course schedules are possible?
Solution:
This situation involves making choices with three groups of
items.
Math English Humanities
{8 choices} {5 choices} {4 choices}
6
There are 8*5*4 = 160 different three-course schedules*
EXAMPLE 3
A MULTIPLE-CHOICE TEST
You are taking a multiple-choice test that has ten questions.
Each of the questions has four answer choices, with one correct
answer per question. If you select one of these four choices for
each question and leave nothing blank, in how man ways can you
answer the questions?
Solution:
This situation involves making choices with ten questions:
Question 1 Question 2 Question 3 … Question 10
{4 choices} {4 choices} {4 choices} {4 choices}

The number of different ways you can answer the questions is:
4*4*4*4*4*4*4*4*4*4 = 410 = 1,048,576 7
EXAMPLE 4
TELEPHONE NUMBERS IN THE UNITED
STATES
Telephone numbers in the United States begin with three- digit
area codes followed by seven-digit local telephone numbers. Area
codes and local telephone numbers cannot begin with 0 or 1. How
many different telephone numbers are possible?
Solution:
This situation involves making choices with ten groups of items.
Here are the choices for each of the ten groups of items:
Area Code Local Telephone Number
8 10 10 8 10 10 10 10 10 10
The total number of different telephone numbers is: 8
8 * 10 * 10 * 8 * 10 * 10 * 10 * 10 * 10 * 10 = 6,400,000,000

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