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1. A sea diver was experiencing discomfort while breathing at depth due to high pressure and increased nitrogen bubbles upon ascent. A doctor advised him to use a gas mixture including helium, which reduced nitrogen concentration and solved the problem by decreasing bubble formation. 2. Doctors advise reducing salt intake to lower blood pressure by decreasing osmotic pressure and fluid retention in tissues. Maintaining a healthy salt intake is important for cardiovascular health. 3. Various methods like adding less soluble gases like helium to oxygen tanks or carrying pure oxygen can help save the lives of scuba divers by addressing issues caused by changing gas solubility during diving.

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43 views3 pages

Solution

1. A sea diver was experiencing discomfort while breathing at depth due to high pressure and increased nitrogen bubbles upon ascent. A doctor advised him to use a gas mixture including helium, which reduced nitrogen concentration and solved the problem by decreasing bubble formation. 2. Doctors advise reducing salt intake to lower blood pressure by decreasing osmotic pressure and fluid retention in tissues. Maintaining a healthy salt intake is important for cardiovascular health. 3. Various methods like adding less soluble gases like helium to oxygen tanks or carrying pure oxygen can help save the lives of scuba divers by addressing issues caused by changing gas solubility during diving.

Uploaded by

Ss
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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PC RAY GROUP

CHAPTER-2

SOLUTIONS

1. A sea driver was facing problems while deep into the water though he was carrying air
tank along with. He was feeling discomfort and pain in breathing while ascending. He
consulted a dictor who advised him to carry a tank containing a mixture of
helium(11.7%), nitrogen(56.2%) and oxygen(32.1%) in place or air. On doing so, his
problem was solved and he no longer felt this problem, Read the above narration and
answer the following questions:
a. Why was sea diver facing discomfort while breathing?
b. How did doctor help him?
c. What is the value associated with the advice given by the doctor?
Ans. (a) Deep down the sea, the pressure is high. While ascending the pressure gets
reduced. As a result, the solubility of nitrogen in water decreases. It is released as bubbles
and causes discomfort to the driver.

(b) The presence of helium reduces the concentration of nitrogen. Therefore, lesser
bubbles are released and this causes less pain or discomfort to the sea diver.

(c) Doctor has diagnosed the problem correctly. Any discomfort in breathing is likely to
affect the lungs and will be ultimately very harmful. Doctor has indeed done a valuable
service to the sea driver.

2. A doctor advised a patient suffering from high blood pressure to take less quantity of
the salt.

a. What is the role of salt in increasing blood pressure?

b. How does low intake of salt help in reducing the blood pressure?

c. What is the value associated with this?

Ans.(a) The body fluid already conatins Na+ and Cl- ions. Higher in take of the salt
further increases their concentration as well as osmotic pressure. The blood pressure of
the patient is also likely to increase. As a result, there is inflow of water in the cells which
causes the retention of water in the tissue cells. This leads to swelling in the face, legs
and also in the other parts of the body, this is called edima.

(b) Low intake of salt reduces the osmotic pressure as well as blood pressure of the
patient.
(c) Persons suffering from high blood pressure or hypertension must be very careful
about their diet. They should control intake of salt. This is even more necessary in cold
climate where we perspire very little.

3. Scuba-divers must cope with high concentrations of dissolved gases while breathing
air at high pressure underwater. Increased pressure increases the solubility of the
atmospheric gases in blood. When the divers come to the surface, the pressure decreases.
This releases dissolved gases and leads to formation of bubbles of nitrogen in blood. This
blocks the capillaries and creates medical conditions known as bends, which are painful
and dangerous to life. Oxygen level is less at higher altitudes.
(i) How can you save life of scuba divers?
(ii) Why are aquatic animals more comfortable in cold water rather than in warm water?
(iii) What is effect of temp? on solubility of gases?
(iv) The climbers to high altitude have low blood oxygen which makes them weak and
unable to think clearly. What is the condition known as?
(v) How can we solve problem of Anoxia?
(vi) What is the shape of the graph if we plot mole fraction of O2 gas in water versus
partial pressure of oxygen?
Ans: (i) We can save their life by adding less soluble gases like He to O2 in oxygen
cylinder.
(ii) Aquatic animals are comfortable in cold water because of high content of dissolved
oxygen in cold water.
(iii) As temperature increases, solubility of gases decreases.
(iv) This is because at higher altitudes, atmospheric pressure is low. This condition is
known as Anoxia.
(v) We can avoid this problem by carrying cylinders of pure oxygen gas.
4. Two solutions having same osmotic pressure at a given temp. Are called isotonic
solutions. The osmotic pressure associated with fluid inside blood cell is equivalent to
that of 0.9 %( w/V).
(i) What precautions should be taken when saline is given intravenously to patients by
doctors?
(ii) If saline has concentration more or less than 0.9%, what should be done and why?
(iii) What will happen to a hypertonic solution is injected to our body? What is the
solution of this problem?
(iv) What will happen if hypotonic solution is injected to our body?
(v) What is meant by 0.9 %( w/V) saline solution?
Ans: (i) We should first confirm that the saline is isotonic to blood. i.e. 0.9 %( w/V)
(ii) It shouldn’t be injected intravenously.
(iii) It will shrink blood cells by taking the water content of the cell out. We can either
drink water or inject a hypotonic solution into blood.
(iv) If hypotonic solution is added, then the blood cells will oblate and burst.
(v) A solution which contains 0.9 g of solute in 100 ml of solution is referred to as 0.9%(
w/V).
5. We have many types of water purifiers. Zero-B is based on disinfecting properties of
iodine. UV purifier is based on killing bacteria by UV light. These R.O. purifiers are
being used.
(i) What is the full form of R.O. purifier?
(ii) What is the function of porous membrane?
(iii) Which method of purification is more economical for countries using sea water, flash
distillation or R.O. for getting potable water? Why?
(iv) What is the material used for making membrane?
(v) If none of the purifier is available, what is the best way of purifying water?
Ans: (i) Reverse Osmosis
(ii) Porous Membrane allows easy osmosis of water from region of low conc. of salt to
high conc.
(iii) R.O. is a better substitute because in distillation process, a large amount of heat is
required in the boiling process, whereas in R.O., only osmosis takes place.
(iv) Cellulose Acetate is used.
(v) We can purify water by Alum, or use the traditional method of purification where we
pass water through layers of pebbles, sand, charcoal etc.

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