Firmado electrónicamente por:

FREDDY GEOVANNY
DEL POZO LEON

Universidad Técnica de Ambato

Facultad de Ciencia e Ingenierı́a en Alimentos y Biotecnologı́a
Transferencia de Calor
Guı́a Práctica de Aplicación y Experimentación de los Aprendizajes

1. Tema:
Radiación

2. Objetivo:
Formular la radiación

3. Modalidad:
Presencial

No Presencial

4. Tiempo de duración:
Presenciales: 4

No Presenciales: 2

5. Instrucciones:
1. Calculate emission and absorption at a surface

a) Total radiation emitted by a body (not exchanged with other bodies) = σT 4 . For and ideal
body,  = 1
b) The fraction of emission between wavelengths λ1 and λ2 is given by F0−λ2 T − F0−λ1 T ; This is tru
for a blackbody having emissivity of 1 or for any surface as long as its emissivity does not change
with wavelength. The F value can be read from tables.
c) The wavelength at which the maximum emission for a blackbody at temperature T occurs is
calculated from λmax T = 2897.6 µm K
d) ρ + α + τ = 1 and α =  are always true; when τ = 0, ρ + α = 1 and thus if α is given, since
α = , all properties ar known
e) if absorption is not all on the surface, information on the decay constant must be provided that
you can use to consider exponential decay. Exponential decay is considered in problems where
temperature as function of position is desired.

2. Calculate energy exchange by radiation

a) Problems in radiative exchange are considered as being either between two surfaces not forming
an enclosure or they are form an enclosure.
b) Vie factors needed in formulas are wide available in bibliography.

3. Perform energy balance that includes radiative exchange

a) Define the domain over which to perform energy balance

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 b) Set up energy balance
c) Not how many distint convective and radiative exchange surfaces are present within the domain
d) For each radiating surface, identify the surfaces it exchanges radiation with and write the exchange
formula, noting wheter they are in or out is goinf surface 1 to surface 2.

6. Listado de equipos, materiales y recursos:

1. Internet
2. Proyector
3. Marcadores
4. Computador
5. Biblioteca virtual
6. Python
7. MATLAB

7. Actividades por desarrollar:

1. Potenciar el pensamiento flexible y creativo.
2. Utilizar el razonamiento basado en la evidencia a la hora de tomar decisiones.
3. Combinar la teorı́a, con debates e investigación.
4. Assume an average surface temperature of the sun to be 5800 K. What id the energy flux at the surface
of sun? Compare this to the average solar flux just outside the earth’s atmosphere, 1353 W/m2

q = σT 4
W 4
q = 5,670x10−8 (5800) K 4
m2 K 4
W
q = 6,42x107
m2

5. The sun can be treated as a blackbody at a temperature of 5800 K. What is the wavelength λ1 below
which the lower 10 % of the solar emission is concentrated? What is the wavelength λ1 above which the
upper 10 % of the solar emission is concentrated? Determine the maximum spectral emission power of
the sun and the wavelength at which this emission occurs.

λT = 2192,6µmK
2192,6
λ = = 0,378µm
5800
λT = 9372,6µmK
9372,6
λ =
5800

6. Solar radiation between the wavelengths 0.35 µm and 0.70 µm is useful for photosynthesis. Consider
the sun to be a blackbody at 5800 K.
a) What fraction of total energy radiated from the sun is useful for photosynthesis?

F(5800)(0,7)−(5800)(0,35) = F0−(5800)(0,7) − F0−(5800)(0,35)

= F0−4060 − F0−2030
F0−4000 = 0,481246
F0−4200 = 0,51636
4060 − 4000
F0−4060 = (0,51636 − 0,481246) + 0,481246
4200 − 4000
F0−4060 = 0,49178

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 b) Is this fraction the same as the fraction of the solar energy incident on the earth’s surface that is
useful for photosynthesis?
2030 − 2000
F0−2030 = (0,10126 − 0,06700396) + 0,072173
2200 − 2000
F0−2030 = 0,072173
The fraction is = F0−4060 − F0−2030
= 0,49178 − 0,072173
= 0,419608

c) Elaborar un resumen de los videos https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrw6rzqW044pLcYZ536czo

8. Resultados obtenidos:
Formula la radiación para tributar a diseñar equipos de ebullición, condensación e intercambiadores
de calor considerando los conceptos de conducción, convección y radiación en estado estacionario y no
estacionario.

9. Conclusiones:
Formula la radiación

10. Cuestionario:
1. What is solar radiation?
2. List of several important biological effects of
a) Visible light
b) Ultraviolet radiation
3. Explain how it is possible for an individual to get a sunburn on a cloudy day, even though the skin
actually feels cool
4. What are microwaves and what role do they play in heat transfer processes that occur in microwaves
oven?

11. Recomendaciones:
1. Desarrollo de la capacidad de adaptación a nuevos retos.
2. Potenciar el pensamiento flexible y creativo.
3. Utilizar el razonamiento basado en la evidencia a la hora de tomar decisiones.
4. Combinar la teorı́a, con debates e investigación.
5. Generar iniciativa, creatividad, inventiva, autonomı́a, curiosidad y pensamiento crı́tico.

Bibliografı́a Básica
[1] R. Singh, R. Singh, and D. Heldman, Introduction to Food Engineering, ser. ISSN. Elsevier Science, 2008.
[Online]. Available: http://bibliotecas.uta.edu.ec/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=38905
[2] J. Holman, Heat Transfer - Si Units - Sie. McGraw-Hill Education (India) Pvt Limited, 2002. [Online].
Available: http://bibliotecas.uta.edu.ec/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=11085
[3] Y. Çengel and A. Ghajar, Heat and Mass Transfer: Fundamentals & Applications, ser. Asia Higher
Education Engineering/Computer Science Mechanical Engineering. McGraw-Hill Education, 2015.
[Online]. Available: http://bibliotecas.uta.edu.ec/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=9511

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[4] F. Incropera, Principles of Heat and Mass Transfer. Wiley, 2013. [Online]. Available: http:
//bibliotecas.uta.edu.ec/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=11096

[5] A. Datta, Heat and Mass Transfer: A Biological Context, Second Edition. CRC Press, 2017. [Online].
Available: https://books.google.com.ec/books?id=PyL5DQAAQBAJ
[6] C. Geankoplis, Transport Processes and Separation Process Principles: (includes Unit Operations), ser.
Prentice Hall Professional technical reference. Prentice Hall Professional Technical Reference, 2003.
[Online]. Available: http://bibliotecas.uta.edu.ec/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=2234

[7] A. Ibarz and A. Ribas, Operaciones unitarias en la ingenierı́a de alimentos, ser. Tecnologı́a de los
alimentos. Mundi-Prensa Libros, 2005. [Online]. Available: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/
utasp/detail.action?docID=3176272