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2006 cQks ui 21 - n∞∞ msgqj 19

;dlaIK wxYh
lr we;' jk ,smsh fjka lf<uq' tys ° m%;siu yd ixLHdxl ix{d
fuf,i uhfl%dkafg%d,r Ndú; lr m˙m: ksr®udKh ls¯ug ms<sn|j uQ,sl ye¢kaùula fldg m%;siu-ixLHdxl ix{d
wjYH uQ,sl oekqu ,nd ≥ka miq b;d u ir, ksr®udKhlska m˙jr®;khg w∞<j uhsfl%dfldkafg%da,rh ;=< we;s A/D
mgkaf.k ixlSr®K ksr®udK olajd hk .uk y;r jk Conrerter tallh ms<sn| úia;rhka uq, °s b†˙m;a fldg
,smsfhka wdrïN lr we;' tys ° b†˙m;a l< ksr®udKh we;' bkamiqj LM 35 WIAK;aj ixfõokh u.ska ,efnk
jkqfha wdf,dal úfudapk †fhdavhla fyj;a LED tlla ksfjk m˙ir WIAK;ajh m%;siu úoHq;a ix{d ixLHdxl njg
oe,afjk ir, m˙m:hls' tys ° tu m˙m:h f.dvk.d .kakd m˙jr®;kh fldg b,lalula f,i ima;LKAv m%or®Yl u.ska
wdldrh;a bkamiq Bg wod< l%uf,aLh f.dvk.d.kakd wdldrhka oelaùug w∞< ksr®udKhla wms wgjk ,smsfha wjidk Nd.hg
wjidkfha ° th uhsfl%dfldkafg%d,rh ;=< ;ekam;a fldg we;=<;a flf<uq' tfia ixLHdxl njg yerjQ ix{d m˙.Klhla
Odjkh lr.kakd wdldrh;a ms<sfj<ska úia;r iys;j b†˙m;a fj; hjd jdr®;djla ;nd.kakd wdldrh o úia;r fldg we;'
fldg we;' yhjk yd wgjk ,smsj, ° fhd∞.;a ima;LKav m%or®Yl
MICROCONTROLLERS LED tlla ksfjk oe,afjk ir, ksr®udKh f;areï.;a
Tng th u u|la †hqKq fldg LED 8la fhd∞f.k úis;=re
Ndú; fldg m%or®Ykh l< yelafla b,lalï iy iSñ; wl=re
m%udKhla ùu;a tajdfha cj m˙fNdackh by< w.hl mej;Su;a
wdf,dal rgdjla ksr®udKh lr.kakd wdldrh miajk ,smsfhka fya;=fldgf.k fndfyda wjia:dj, ° ima; LKav m%or®Yl
olajd we;' th u ;j≥rg;a jeä †hqKq fldg LED 40la (Seven Segment Displays) f,i øj iaMál m%or®Yl
fhd∞f.k jvd;a úis;=re wdf,dal Odrdjla ksr®udKh lr.kakd (Liquid Crystal Displays-LCD) fhdod .efka' tu ksid
wdldrh miajk ,smsfha wjidkfha ° b†˙m;a fldg we;' uhsfl%dfldkafg%da,r Ndú; fldg kj ksr®udK ìys ls¯ug
fuf;la m< jQ ,smsj, wmf.a B<Û ksr®udKh f,i ima;LKav m%or®Yl fyj;a Wkka≥ jk Tn LCD ms<sn|j oek isáh hq;= u fõ' ta
Seven Segment Displays yiqrejk wdldrh úia;r flfrk fya;=fjka wms kjjk ,smsfha wka;r®.;h f,i
idrdxYh fh°ula yhjk ,smsh i|yd f;dard .;af;uq' tys ° ima; uhsfldfldkafg%da,r u.ska LCD Odjkh ls¯ug w∞< lreKq
LKAv m%or®Yl ms<sn|j uq,sl ye|skaùula fldg ta u.ska 0 b†˙m;a ls¯ug woyia lf<uq' tys ° uq,ska u LCDj,
bf,lafg%daksl fCIa;%h ms<sn|j Wkka≥jla olajk mdGl
isg 9 olajd jQ b,lalï m%or®Ykh lrjd .kakd wdldrh o ls%hdld¯;ajh ms<sn| meye†,s wjfndaOhka ,nd°u i|yd jeä
Tnf.a m%fhdackh ms◊i jirlg wdikak ld,hla mqrd m<
úia;r fldg we;' tu úia;rhg miqj ir, .Kk hka;%hla bvla fhd∞.;a w;r ,smsh wjidkfha ° w∞< l%uf,aLh
lrkq ,enQ ,smsj, idrdxYhla fujr ,smsfhka b†˙m;a flfr®'
id∞ .ekSug w∞< m˙jr®:h yd l%uf,aLh olajd we;' tys ° b†˙m;a lf<uq' tu l%uf,aLh ;rula ixlSr®K jqj;a uq,ska
bf,lafg%dksl úoHdfõ YS>% †hqKqjla we;s l< CIqø ilik b†˙m;a lr we;s úia;rls¯ï ksishdldrj f;areï .;a úg tu
fnd;a;ula tnQ úg ima; LKav m%or®Ylfha w.h tllska jeä
(Microprocessors)j, ir, wjia:djla f,i o CIqø md,l ixlSr®K;djh uÛye¯ hkq we;' fuys ° b†˙m;a l< l%uf,aLh
jk w;r ixLHd mrdih 0 isg 9 olajd fõ' tfy;a m%dfhda.sl
fyj;a uhsfl%dfldkafg%da,r (Microcontrollers) y∫kajd †h u.ska flfrkqfha HELLO hk jok LCD ;srh u; †iaùug
lghq;= i|yd th m%udKj;a fkd jk neúka 0 isg 99 olajd
yels h' uhsfl%dfldkafg%d,r yd tajdfha Ndú; ms<sn|j flá
m%or®Ykh l< yels wdldrhg th jeä †hqKq lrk l%uh ie,eiaùu h' tfy;a HELLO fjkqjg Tng wjYH ´kE u
ye¢kaùula m<uq ,smsh ;=<ska b†˙m;a lf<uq' jpkhla m%or®Ykh lrjd.; yels h' tfia ls¯ug kï Tn
bkamiqj úia;r fl¯ we;'
úoHq;a m˙m: úYd, m%udKhla tlg leá fldg ;ks Ñmhla l%uf,aLfha wod< ia:dk fjkia l< hq;= fõ' ,sms fm< uq, isg
uhsfl%dfldkafg%d,r Ndú;fha ° oek isáh hq;= w;HjYH wOHhkh l< whl=g tu fjkia ls¯u .eg¨jlska f;dr j
f,i ksmojd we;s uhsfl%dafldkafg%da,r ne¨ ne,aug yeisrùug
fohla jk w;=reì∫ï (Interrupts) ms<sn|j ;rula †. is≥ lr.; yels fõ hehs wms Wml,amkh lf<uq'
wmyiq ixlSr®K fohla f,i yefÛk neúka tys ixlSr®K;dj
úia;rhka ° yhjk ,smsfha wjidkhg we;=<;a fldg we;'
wju ls¯u i|yd tys wNHka;r ieliqu ms<sn|j ye¢kaùula flfia fj;;a fuu ,sms fm< ;=< ° wm W;aidy lf<a iEu
wms fojk ,smsfhka b†˙m;a lf<uq' tys ° uq,sl jYfhka uhsfl%dfldkafg%da,r Ndú; fldg m˙m: ksr®udKh ls¯fï ° úg u w;HjYH uQ,sl lreKq muKla b†˙m;a ls¯ug h'
uhsfl%dkafg%da,rhl ;sìh hq;= w;HdjYH u fldgia yd tajd ,efnk f,dl= u jdishla f,i myiqfjka m˙.Kl yd iïnkaO ;j≥rg;a lreKq fidhd hEu fï ms<sn|j Wkka≥jla olajk
tlsfkl iïnkaO ù we;s wdldrh rEm igyka wdOdrfhka ls¯fï ydlshdj ye¢kaúh yels h' tu ksid i;ajk ,smsfha ° mdGl Tng u ydr fldg we;' tfia fldg we;af;a fuu ,sms
úia;r ls¯ug wms W;aidy .;af;uq' tfuka u uhsfl%dfldkafg%da,r m˙.Kl yd iïnkaO lrk wdldrh idlÉPd fm< jvd;a °r®> ùu yd kSri ùu j<lajd .ekSug h'
uhsfl%dfldkafg%da,r®j, ndysr fmkqu yd w.% y∫kd.kakd wdldrh ls¯ug woyia lf<uq' m˙.Kl iuÛ o;a; yqjudre lr.; tfukau uhsfl%dfldkafg%da,r Ndú; fldg kj ksr®udK ìys
o úia;r lr we;' yels iudka;r.; (Pararalled) yd fY%a◊.; (Serial) l%u ls¯ug woyia lrk ksr®udKlrejkaf.a Wkka≥j jeä †hqKq
fol w;˙ka jvd;a myiq yd m%dfhda.sl l%uh f,i fY%A◊.; ls¯ug o th bjy,a jkq we;ehs wms is;uq'
uhsfl%dfldkafg%d,r hkq wmg wjYH wdldrhg l%uf,aLkh
wdldrh wms Tng y∫kajd ≥kafkuq' ta wkqj i;ajk ,smsh
lr úúO ldr®hhka i|yd fhd∞.; yels nyqldr®h fuj,ula fuu ,sms fm< ,sùug wms woyia lf<a uhsfl%dfldkafg%d,r
mqrdjg úia;r lrkq ,enqfõ m˙.Klfha fY%a◊.; f;dgqm<;a
f,i o y∫kajd †h yels h' uhsfl%dfldkafg%da,rhla Ndú; lr ms<sn|j oekqu iudch f.dia tu.ska kj ;dCIKh;a iuÛ
uhsfl%dfldkafg%da,rj, UART tallh;a iïnkaO lr tajd
hïlsis ldr®hhla is≥ lr .ekSug wjYH kï Bg w∞< Wmfoia b†˙hg .uka lrk ksr®udKlrejka ms˙ila ìys ls¯ug h'
w;r o;a; yqjudre lr.kakd wdldrhhs' fuys ° l< hq;=
ksjer†j l%udKkql+,j ilia fldg uhsfl%dfldkafg%da,rh ;=< wmf.a W;aidyh ;rula ≥rg idr®:l ù we;s nj wmg ,efnk
fjda,aáh;d m˙jr®;kh fukau o;a; ìgq fY%a◊.;j u tlla
;ekam;a l< hq;= fõ' tfia l< miq uhsfl%dfldkafg%da,rh w∞< m%;spdrj,ska fmkS hhs' fï ,smsfm< ms<sn|j Wkka≥jla olajk
miqmi tlla hjk wdldrh o rEm igyka wdOdrfhka úia;r
Wmfoia tlska tl ls%hd;aul lrñka ndr ≥ka ldr®h ksis f,i mdGl Tnf.a m%;spdr" b†˙fha ° wm m< ls¯ug woyia lrk
lf<uq'
bqlrhs' fuys ° mek k.sk .eg¨j jkqfha uhsfl%dfldkafg%dar,hg ;rula ixlSr®K lreKq jvd;a idr®:lj b†˙m;a ls¯ug uyÛ=
w∞< Wmfo=ia ,nd fokafka flfia o hkakhs' Bg fya;=j uhsfl%dfldkafg%d,r ixLHdxl fyj;a Digital WmlrK jqj;a msájy,la jkq we;' tu ksid Tnf.a woyia yd fhdackd wm
idudkHfhka wm Ndú; lrk NdIdj;a uhsfl%dfldkafg%da,rj,g m%dfhda.sl f,dalfha wmg yuqjk fndfyda fN!;sl rdYSka m%;siu fj; tajk fuka wms Wola u b,a,d isáuq'
f;afrk NdIdj;a folla ùu h' tu ksid wmg f;afrk fyj;a Analog wdldrfha fõ' tu ksid uhsfl%dfldkafg%da,r
NdIdjlska ,shQ Wmfoia uhsfl%dfldkafg%d,rh ;=< ;ekam;a lrkafka jvd;a m%dfhda.sl ùu i|yd m%;siu-ixLHdxl iuÛ m˙jr®;kh
w;HjYH u fohla njg m;a ù we;' ta fya;=fjka fudrgqj úYaj úoHd,hfha úoHq;a yd ú≥,s ixfoaY wxYfha
flfia o hk m%Yakj,g ms<s;=re ,nd °u i|yd wms ;=kajk
uhsfl%dfldkafg%da,r Ndú; fldg m%;siu ix{d ixLHdxl ix{d .dñ” chisxy
,smsh fjka lf<uq' tys ° wjYH lrk uD≥ldx. oDVdx. iy
tajd Ndú; lrk wdldrh ms<sn|j flá úia;rhla b†˙m;a njg m˙jr®;kh ls¯u ms<sn|j Tn ≤kqj;a ls¯u i|yd wg flda,;
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