Module 2 History of The Media Industry

History
Understanding how we got here

When did people start wanting to know information about their community?
Part of your reading attempted to help you understand exactly

where the news industry started … But let’s think about news
without the industry … in its simplest form
When the news is about the community (I am not defining

community)
Really people have always talked about what is going on in their

community.
Why do people want to know what’s going on in their community?
What sort of news do you want to know? -- Don’t think about what’s
being reported. Think about the ideal. (WRITE ON BOARD)
Keep this in the back of your mind ... as we discuss

Let’s discuss some major events in the news
industry
1689 … a single copy, historians argue this is the

first multi page newspaper in America
3 pages full of business and politics with a fourth
page blank …
It printed one edition, and the official ruling was that

it didn’t have a permit to publish, but some
historians argue that a major reason for stopping the
presses for this publication because of the rhetoric
and potential chaos it could cause.
John Peter Zenger, 1734, accused the royally appointed Governor
of New York of corruption in his newspaper, The New York Weekly
Journal.
Zenger was arrested and charged with libel.
Andrew Hamilton argued that the people should have a right to

criticize the government, and something is libel only when it’s
“false, malicious and seditious”
What if the outcome was different? What would have happened, do

you think?
This set the stage for the First Amendment to the Bill of Rights
First Amendment
Congress shall make no law
respecting an establishment of
religion, or prohibiting the free
exercise thereof; or abridging the
freedom of speech, or of the
press; or the right of the people
peaceably to assemble, and to
petition the Government for a
redress of grievances.
COMPLETE editorial independence
This is not the case for parts of the world
Portuguese dictatorship controlled all media … including Radio …

and to this day … the government still has a TV network that is
uses to dish out propaganda
This does not mean the government doesn’t try to control it

- What does Trump like to mention?
- Pres. Obama’s administration -- circumvented the media
totally
1800s
Penny Press
Cheaper to make, means mass production of news, and also

affordable for people to read. This is when we get the modern day
newsrooms
Also, eventually, of modern day advertisement. Eventually people

start to buy ad space in the newspapers. So this becomes a
lucrative industry.
How does news change .. what gets covered a bit more?

New York Herald
James Bennett innovated
journalism:
➔ Letters to the editor

➔ Interviews
➔ Sports
➔ Reviews
➔ “Extra” Editions
He went to places and covered what was going on … 1830s .. less

than 200 years ago …
Yellow Journalism
Sensational
Lavish Pictures
Publicity Stunts
Exaggerated
Loud Headlines
This was the late 1800s. The term comes from the first cartoon
published in color, the Yellow Kid
What were the aspects of yellow journalism?
Joseph Pulitzer & William Hearst
Hearst is said to have ordered his photographer in Cuba, “You

Furnish the photos, I’ll furnish the War” Pressured politicians to
engage in the Spanish-American War, to help Cuba gain
independence. All from a little boat that exploded, but there’s some
vagueness about how that shit exploded.
Frederick Douglas
The North Star, 1847
Abolitionist paper that attempted to

brings news which impacted
enslaved and formerly enslaved
communities
4,000 subscribers in U.S., Europe and

West Indies
Do you think we still have issues of representation in news?
How so?
Henry Raymond
New York Times owner and
publisher
Credited with creating objective

journalism (1850s)
20th Century
Radio + TV
How does this change news?

It’s immediate, it’s more personal
1949 -- FCC Fairness Doctrine

1987 -- FCC eliminates fairness doctrine
In groups of 3 -- weigh the pros and cons of having and not

having a Fairness Doctrine.
Pearl Harbor, 1941
JFK Assassination, 1963
Apollo 11, man walks on the moon 1969
Do people in your life ever talk about big news stories? Do

remember a news story that you followed closely? Think about why
it engaged you.
What’s happening in newspapers at this moment?
Becoming tighter writers

Inverted pyramid
More readable
More photos are being used at the time
Media Ownership
What’s the industry look like?
Take a second to jot down a few ideas of what the industry looks
like today …
How is it the same?
How is it different?
As technology changes, so too does the media industry. We are more connected than
ever before, we expect information instantly, typing just a few words will give us
answers and sources to all of our questions. That’s what we expect.
And media writers need to keep pace, innovate and grow along the way.

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History

Understanding how we got here

Part of your reading attempted to help you understand exactly

When the news is about the community (I am not defining

Really people have always talked about what is going on in their

Why do people want to know what’s going on in their community?

Keep this in the back of your mind ... as we discuss

1689 … a single copy, historians argue this is the

It printed one edition, and the official ruling was that

Zenger was arrested and charged with libel.

Andrew Hamilton argued that the people should have a right to

What if the outcome was different? What would have happened, do

COMPLETE editorial independence

This is not the case for parts of the world

Portuguese dictatorship controlled all media … including Radio …

This does not mean the government doesn’t try to control it

Cheaper to make, means mass production of news, and also

Also, eventually, of modern day advertisement. Eventually people

How does news change .. what gets covered a bit more?

➔ Letters to the editor

He went to places and covered what was going on … 1830s .. less

What were the aspects of yellow journalism?

Joseph Pulitzer & William Hearst

Hearst is said to have ordered his photographer in Cuba, “You

Abolitionist paper that attempted to

4,000 subscribers in U.S., Europe and

Do you think we still have issues of representation in news?

Credited with creating objective

How does this change news?

1949 -- FCC Fairness Doctrine

In groups of 3 -- weigh the pros and cons of having and not

Do people in your life ever talk about big news stories? Do

Becoming tighter writers

What’s the industry look like?

How is it the same?

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