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Reactores No Isotérmicos

This document discusses nonisothermal reactors. It states that real reactor operations are normally nonisothermal, between the bounds of maximum and no heat exchange. For nonisothermal operations, the material balance equation must be solved simultaneously with the energy balance equation, as temperature becomes a variable. It provides examples of calculating time to reach a conversion percentage and reactor temperature for an adiabatic batch reactor reaction and determining space time for conversions in plug flow and continuous stirred tank reactors.

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144 views11 pages

Reactores No Isotérmicos

This document discusses nonisothermal reactors. It states that real reactor operations are normally nonisothermal, between the bounds of maximum and no heat exchange. For nonisothermal operations, the material balance equation must be solved simultaneously with the energy balance equation, as temperature becomes a variable. It provides examples of calculating time to reach a conversion percentage and reactor temperature for an adiabatic batch reactor reaction and determining space time for conversions in plug flow and continuous stirred tank reactors.

Uploaded by

brayan
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Nonisothermal Reactors

Although isothermal conditions are most useful for the measurement of kinetic data, real reactor
operation is normally nonisothermal

Within the limits of heat exchange, the


reactor can operate isothermally (maximum
heat exchange) or adiabatically (no heat
exchange);

Between these bounds of heat transfer lies


the most common form of reactor operation-
the nonisothermal regime (some extent of
heat exchange). The three types of reactor
operations yield different temperature
profiles within the reactor and are illustrated
in Figure 9.1.1 for an exothermic reaction
If a reactor is operated at nonisothermal or adiabatic conditions then the material
balance equation must be written with the temperature, T, as a variable. For example
with the PFR, the material balance becomes:

Since the reaction rate expression now contains the independent variable T, the
material balance cannot be solved alone. The solution of the material balance
equation is only possible by the simultaneous solution of the energy balance. Thus,
for nonisothermal reactor descriptions, an energy balance must accompany the
material balance.
Nonisothermal Batch Reactor
1. The hydration of 1-hexene to 2-hexanol is accomplished in an adiabatic batch reactor:
The reactor is charged with 1000 kg of a 10 wI. % H2S04 solution and 200 kg of 1-
hexene at 300 K. Assuming that the heat capacities for the reactants and products do
not vary with temperature, the heat of reaction does not vary with temperature, and
the presence of H2S04 is ignored in the calculation of the heat capacity, determine
the time required to achieve 50 percent conversion and the reactor temperature at
that point.
Data:
𝒕
𝒙𝑨 𝒙𝑨 𝒙𝑨
𝒅𝒙𝑨 𝒅𝒙𝑨 𝒅𝒙𝑨
= 𝑵𝑨𝟎 න = 𝑪𝑨𝟎 න =න
𝟎 −𝒓𝑨 𝑽 𝟎 𝒌𝑪𝑨𝟎 (𝟏 − 𝒙𝑨 ) 𝟎 𝒌 (𝟏 − 𝒙𝑨 )

𝐴+𝑊 →𝐵 −𝒓𝑨 = 𝒌𝑪𝑨 = 𝒌𝑪𝑨𝟎 (𝟏 − 𝒙𝑨 ) ∆𝐻𝑇0 = −4 𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙/𝑚𝑜𝑙

𝑄 = 0 = ∆𝐻𝑇0 𝑁𝐴0 𝑥𝐴 + 𝑁𝐴0 𝑥𝐴 𝐶𝑃𝐵 + 𝑁𝐴0 1 − 𝑥𝐴 𝐶𝑃𝐴 + 𝑁𝑊 𝐶𝑃𝑊 (𝑇 − 𝑇0 )

−∆𝐻𝑇0 𝑥𝐴
𝑇𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑏 = 𝑇0 +
𝑁
𝑥𝐴 𝐶𝑃𝐵 + 1 − 𝑥𝐴 𝐶𝑃𝐴 + (𝑁𝑊 )𝐶𝑃𝑊
𝐴0

4000 0.5
𝑇𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑏 = 300 + = 305
900
18 16,8
0,5 ∗ 54 + 0,5 43,8 + 200
84
2. Consider accomplishing the reaction A + B → C in a nonisothermal batch reactor.
The reaction occurs in the liquid phase. Find the time necessary to reach 80 percent
conversion if the coolant supply is sufficient to maintain the reactor wall at 300 K.
Data:
3. Butadiene and ethylene can be reacted together to form cyclohexene as follows:

If equimo1ar butadiene and ethylene at 450°C and 1 atm are fed to a PFR operating
adiabatically, what is the space time necessary to reach a fractional conversion of 0.10?
4. The nitration of aromatic compounds is a highly exothermic
reaction that generally uses catalysts that tend to be corrosive
(e.g., HN03IH2S04 ). A less corrosive reaction employs N205 as
the nitrating agent as illustrated below:

If this reaction is conducted in an adiabatic CSTR, what is the reactor volume and space time necessary
to achieve 35 percent conversion of N2O5? The reaction rate is first order in A and second order in B.
5. Consider the aromatic nitration reaction illustrated in Example 4. Calculate the
reactor volume required to reach 35 percent conversion if the reactor is now
cooled.
6.
TAREA 2 – EF
Grupo Problema
#1 2, 3, 4
#2 3, 5, 6
#3 2, 3, 6
#4 3, 5, 4
#5 3, 5, 6
#6 2, 5, 6

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