1) The document describes the design of an abutment wall including calculations of forces and moments.
2) Calculations are shown to determine stresses on the concrete of the wall and on the soil behind the wall.
3) Lever arm calculations are provided in two examples to calculate the location and magnitude of the resultant force for stress analysis.
1) The document describes the design of an abutment wall including calculations of forces and moments.
2) Calculations are shown to determine stresses on the concrete of the wall and on the soil behind the wall.
3) Lever arm calculations are provided in two examples to calculate the location and magnitude of the resultant force for stress analysis.
1) The document describes the design of an abutment wall including calculations of forces and moments.
2) Calculations are shown to determine stresses on the concrete of the wall and on the soil behind the wall.
3) Lever arm calculations are provided in two examples to calculate the location and magnitude of the resultant force for stress analysis.
1) The document describes the design of an abutment wall including calculations of forces and moments.
2) Calculations are shown to determine stresses on the concrete of the wall and on the soil behind the wall.
3) Lever arm calculations are provided in two examples to calculate the location and magnitude of the resultant force for stress analysis.
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DESIGN OF ABUTMENT WALL [SECTION C - C]
Unit Weight of Concrete = 2.4 t/cum Live Load = 0.4 t/m2
Unit Weight of Earth = 2.1 t/cum
Live Load + 82.929 TBL
0.500 W3 - Earth 0.310 + 82.619 W2 0.150 + 82.469
W6 W5
1.450 W4 W1 0.950
0.450 0.300 0.15 + 81.669
0.15 A 0.750 0.300 W7 B 1.050 + 81.369 Taking moments about A (Stresses in concrete)
Force Load Particulars L.A. Moment V H W1 0.30 x 0.800 x 2.4 0.576 0.600 0.346 W2 0.45 x 0.150 x 2.5 0.169 0.675 0.114 WLL1 0.45 x 0.400 0.180 0.675 0.122 WLL2 0.45 x 0.400 0.180 0.225 0.041 W3 0.90 x 0.310 x 2.1 0.586 0.450 0.264 W4 0.50 x 0.450 x 0.950 x 2.4 0.513 0.300 0.154 W5 0.50 x 0.450 x 0.950 x 2.1 0.449 0.150 0.068 Pv 0.0384 x 1.853 x 2.1 0.149 --- Ph 0.134 x 1.853 x 2.1 0.522 0.503* 0.263 ∑V 2.802 ∑M 1.372
Lever arm =M/V = 1.372 / 2.802 = 0.49 m
Eccentricity = 0.49 - 0.750 /2 = 0.115 m
Permissible 'e' = 0.750 /6 = 0.125 > 0.115
Max. comp. Stress = 2.802 x ( 1 + 6 x 0.115 ) = 7.173 t/sq.m.
0.750 0.750
Min. Stress = 2.802 x ( 1 - 6 x 0.115 ) = 0.299 t/sq.m.
0.750 0.750
(Note: 1.853 = 1.4502 - 0.5002 )
* Please refer "Lever Arm Calculations - I"
APWSIP VII - 6 Consultants’ Services for Engineering Design Taking moments about B (Stresses on soil)
Force Load Particulars L.A. Moment V H W1 0.30 x 0.800 x 2.4 0.576 0.750 0.432 W2 0.45 x 0.150 x 2.5 0.169 0.825 0.140 WLL1 0.45 x 0.400 0.180 0.825 0.149 WLL2 0.45 x 0.400 0.180 0.375 0.068 WLL3 0.15 x 0.400 0.060 0.075 0.005 W3 0.90 x 0.310 x 2.1 0.586 0.600 0.352 W4 0.50 x 0.450 x 0.95 x 2.4 0.513 0.450 0.231 W5 0.50 x 0.450 x 0.95 x 2.1 0.449 0.300 0.135 W6 0.15 x 1.450 x 2.1 0.457 0.075 0.035 W7 1.05 x 0.300 x 2.4 0.756 0.525 0.397 Pv 0.0384 x 2.814 x 2.1 0.227 --- Ph 0.134 x 2.814 x 2.1 0.792 0.633* 0.502 ∑V 4.152 ∑M 2.446
Lever arm = M/V = 2.446 / 4.152 = 0.589 m
Eccentricity 0.589 - 1.050 /2 = 0.064 m
Permissible 'e' = 1.050 /6 = 0.175 > 0.064
Max. comp. Stress = 4.152 x ( 1 + 6 x 0.064 ) = 5.401 t/sq.m.
1.050 1.050
Min. Stress = 4.152 x ( 1 - 6 x 0.064 ) = 2.508 t/sq.m.
1.050 1.050
(Note: 2.814 = 1.7502 - 0.5002 )
* Please refer "Lever Arm Calculations - II"
APWSIP VII - 7 Consultants’ Services for Engineering Design Lever Arm Calculations - I
Unit weight of Earth (w) = 2.1 t/cum
Live Load considered = 0.4 t/m2
h = (0.4 / 2.1) + 0.310 = 0.500 m
H = 1.450 m 0.6 x h = 0.300 m 0.4 x H = 0.580 m
P1 = 0.0384 x w x h2 = 0.0384 x 2.1 x h2 = 0.081 h2 P1 0.500
P2 = 0.0384 x w x H2 = 0.0384 x 2.1 x H2 = 0.081 H2 1.450 P2
Lever Arm (P2 x 0.4 H) - P1 x (H - 0.6 h)
= (L.A.) (P2 - P1)
0.081 H2 x 0.4 H - 0.081 h2 (H - 0.6 h)
= 0.081 (H2 - h2)
(H2 x 0.4 H) - (h2 (H - 0.6 h))
= (H2 - h2)
(0.4 x 1.4503) - ((0.500)2 (1.450 - 0.300)
= (1.4502 - 0.5002)
1.221 - 0.288 = 1.853
= 0.503 m
APWSIP VII - 8 Consultants’ Services for Engineering Design Lever Arm Calculations - II
Unit weight of Earth (w) = 2.1 t/cum
Live Load considered = 0.4 t/m2
h = (0.4 / 2.1) + 0.310 = 0.500 m
H = 1.750 m 0.6 x h = 0.300 m 0.4 x H = 0.700 m
P1 = 0.0384 x w x h2 = 0.0384 x 2.1 x h2 = 0.081 h2 P1 0.500
P2 = 0.0384 x w x H2 = 0.0384 x 2.1 x H2 = 0.081 H2 1.750 P2
Lever Arm (P2 x 0.4 H) - P1 x (H - 0.6 h)
= (L.A.) (P2 - P1)
0.081 H2 x 0.4 H - 0.081 h2 (H - 0.6 h)
= 0.081 (H2 - h2)
(H2 x 0.4 H) - (h2 (H - 0.6 h))
= (H2 - h2)
(0.4 x 1.7503) - ((0.500)2 (1.750 - 0.300)
= (1.7502 - 0.5002)
2.146 - 0.363 = 2.814
= 0.633 m
APWSIP VII - 9 Consultants’ Services for Engineering Design
