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Bayan" The Second Grade Was Kawal, The Kawal Passwrod Was "Gom-Bur-Za" The Third Grade Was Bayani, and The Password Was "Rizal"

The Katipunan was a secret society founded by Andres Bonifacio on July 7, 1892 in Manila to fight Spanish colonial rule. Its aims were civic, political, and moral in nature, seeking independence for the Philippines and teaching self-help and good values. Bonifacio served as its leader and guiding spirit, organizing its government structure and developing a secret alphabet to avoid Spanish detection. The Katipunan published a single issue newspaper called "Kalayaan" to propagate revolutionary ideas before the outbreak of the Philippine Revolution of 1896.

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73 views

Bayan" The Second Grade Was Kawal, The Kawal Passwrod Was "Gom-Bur-Za" The Third Grade Was Bayani, and The Password Was "Rizal"

The Katipunan was a secret society founded by Andres Bonifacio on July 7, 1892 in Manila to fight Spanish colonial rule. Its aims were civic, political, and moral in nature, seeking independence for the Philippines and teaching self-help and good values. Bonifacio served as its leader and guiding spirit, organizing its government structure and developing a secret alphabet to avoid Spanish detection. The Katipunan published a single issue newspaper called "Kalayaan" to propagate revolutionary ideas before the outbreak of the Philippine Revolution of 1896.

Uploaded by

joseph5689
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Lesson 5.

3 Bonifacio and the Katipunan

Introduction

The failure of the reform movement led a reformist like Marcelo H. Del Pilar to think of the revolution. “Insurrection”, Del
Pilar wrote in La Solidaridad, “is the last remedy, especially when the people have acquired the belief that peaceful means to
secure the remedies for evils prove futile”. There was general disullusionment among the Filipinos in Spain and in the Philippines
because the Government of Spain had refused, and continued to refuse, to introduce the reforms demanded by patriotic
Filipinos. An unknown member of the Liga, Andres Bonifacio, saw the uselessness of continuing the peaceful campaign for
reforms. He knew Spain would not listen to the demands of men like Rizal, del Pilar, Lopez, Jaena, and other, who did not
believed in arm revolution as remedy to the evils existing in the Philippines. He had a different idea: he would teach the people
to depend on themselves for their salvation. He wanted a society unlike the Liga and others which depended on Spanish mercy.
He would found a society whose aims were opposed to the aims of the reformist societies.

Content

A. Founding of the Katipunan


On July 7, 1892, a group of patriotic Filipinos met in a house of Azcarraga St. (now Claro M. Recto Ave.), Manila and decided to
found a society. These men were Andres Bonifacio, Teodoro Plata, Valentin Diaz, Ladislaw Diwa, Deodato Arellano, and one or
two others. They organized a society called Kataas-taasan Kagalang-galang na Katipunan nang mga Anak ng Bayan or Highest
and Most Respectable Association of the Sons of the People. The founders performed the old compact to show of their fellow
Filipinos, a sort of zeal of friendship. They get members through triangle method.

B. The Aims of the Katipunan


The three primary objectives of the Katipunan were:
1. Civic - principle of self-help and the defense of the weak and the poor
2. Political - separation of the Philippines from Spain, that is to secure independence of the Philippines.
3. Moral - teaching of good manners, hygiene and good moral character

C. The Katipunan Government


1. The highest governing body was the Kataastaasang Sanggunian or Sangguniang Balangay or Popular Council. They were
equivalent central government, provincial government, and the municipal government.
2. The Judicial Council called Sangguniang Hukuman which passed judgment on members who violated the ruled of the
Society.
3. The Katipunan Assembly
4. The Chamber - sentenced members who exposed the secret of the society.

1. The Katipunan Elections


The triangular method was not effective so they thought of electing officers of the society. Deodato Arellano was first
elected as the Supreme Council, however, Bonifacio was not satisfied of his of his performance so he was changed by the Roman
Basa.
2. Membership - The Katipunan members were of three kinds: the first grade was called Katipon, the password was “Anak ng
Bayan”; the second grade was Kawal, the Kawal passwrod was “Gom-Bur-Za”; the third grade was Bayani, and the password was
“Rizal”.
3. The Katipunan Codes- Because of the danger of discovery of the Society was always present, Bonifacio invented a system of
writing which would make it difficult for Spaniards to read the Katipunan letters or any written communications.

Spanish Alphabet Katipunan Alphabet


A Z
B B
C C
D D
E Q
F H
G G
H F
I N
J L
K K
L J
LL N
M V
N I
O C
P P
Q E
R R
S S
T T
U X
V M
W W
X U
Y Y

4. The Katipunan Flags


Benita Rodriguez, made the flag of the Katipunan with the help of the wife of Bonifacio, Gergori de Jesus. It consistent of a
rectangular piece of cloth with a white sun and eight white rays in the middle. Inside the circle representing the sun was the
letter K in the ancient Tagalog Script.

5. The Katipunan Women


To keep the secret of the Katipunan the women members were the wives and female children of the Katipuneros. Their
role is to have merry making while the male katipuneros are having a meeting. This was to make the police authorities believed
that no Katipunan meeting was held in the house.

Among the prominent women members of the Katipunan were Josefa Rizal, president; Gregoria de Jesus, vice-president;
Marina Dizon, secretary; and Angelica Lopez Rizal, Rizal’s niece, fiscal, Gregoria de Jesus, in particualr, frequently risked her life
because of keeping documents of the Katipunan.

6. The “Kalayaan”
Bonifacio and Jacinto believed that they could propagate the revolutionary ideas by having a printing press for them to
print the articles to be published in the “Kalayaan” newspaper of the Katipunan. The writers were Bonifacio, Jacinto, and
Valenzuela. To mislead the Spanish authorities, they put Yokohama as the place of publication and Marcelo H. Del Pilar as the
edito. Jacinto’s “Pahayag” (manifesto) and Bonifacio’s poem “Pag-ibig sa Lupang Tinubuan” (Love of Country) were published in
the only issue of thhe Kalayaan. They have pen names Pingkian and Dimas-Ilaw; Bonifacio used Agap-ito Bagumbayan; and
Valenzuel used Madalang Away. The Kalayaan influenced so many Filipinos.

7. Andres Bonifacio
Birth: November 30,1863 in Azcarraga Street near the present Manila Railroad station.
Parents: Santiago Bonifacio and Catalina de Castro.

Early Life
At early age, his parents died and so he supported his family through selling canes and fans. Because of poevert, he was not
able to finish the equivalent of Grade 4 today. Later, he served as agent of Fleming and Company and Fressel and Company.

Part in Katipunan
The Revolution of 1896 was the Katipunan Revolution, for it was the Katipunan that sowed theeed of revolt in the minds of
the masses. It was also the Katipunan which began and guided the Revolution of 1896. As founder of the Katipunan and its
guiding spirit. Bonifacio may be rightly regarded as the one Filipino who made the Revolution of 1896.

8. Emilio Jacinto - the “Brains of Katipunan”. Born in Tondo Manila on December 16,1875 to a poor family. He studied at the
University of Santo Tomas, he took up Law.
Activity 2

Compare the following

Date Places Leader Aim Means used Newspaper Result


founded to carry the
goal

Propagand
a

Katipunan

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