CPESC

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1. ... Track Walking 13. already covered by NPDES permit Phase I

facilities that engage in industrial activity (1987 -
2. A = R x K x LS x C x P RUSLE
Large municipal storm systems (>250,000) 1992)
Medium municipal storms systems (100 - 250 K)
erosion model designed to predict the
facilities that EPA said were significant
longtime average annual soil loss (A)
contributors
carried by runoff from specific slope s
in specified management conditions 14. the amount of eroded soil that is delivered to Sediment
a point in the watershed that is remote from yield
3. 0 degrees c At what
the original of the detached soil particles
temperature will
suspended 15. application of plant residues or suitable Mulching
particles have materials to the surface. Mulching helps to
lowest settling conserve moisture and modify surface
velocity temperature fluctuations, prevent surface
compaction or crusting, reduce runoff and
4. 1 in = 20 ft Recommenced
erosion, control weeds and help establish
1 in = 30 ft Erosion and
plant cover on soils subject to erosion.
1 in = 40 ft sediment control
1 in = 50 ft scales 16. Application rate What
contour intervals should be 2 feet or Coverage should be
less Anchorage to the Ground inspected
with
5. 3.3 to 13 bil in erosion Within the US,
mulches?
500 mill annually to remove sediment how much is
spent on solving 17. Apply seed first with no mulch, then apply the What
erosion problems hydraulic mulch. steps are
annually? necessary
for
6. 5 acres of more NPDES Phase 1
successful
disturbance includes clearing, grading
hydraulic
and excavation
planting
smaller parcels part of larger plan that
of seed?
affects at least 5 acres
18. aquatic life Beneficial
7. 13 mph What wind speed
swimming uses
initiates soil
fishing and fish consumption
movement
boating
8. 37,500 per violation...no maximum limit EPA maximum for aesthetic enjoyment
civil penalties
19. areas that are not adequately protected when wind
9. 280 NTU What is the high velocity winds blow across the land. erosion
numerical effluent
limits at storm field conditions best described as bare, loose
water discharge and dry, soil movement begins when wind
locations? reaches 13 miles per hour at one foot above
10. 3600 cubic feet per acre EpA rec for ground surface
sediment volume 20. Area subject to flooding by the base flood Base
of 10 acres or floodplain
more
21. as flow concentrates, small channels begin to Rill
11. Administrative orders 3 types of form in the soil surface Erosion
Civil actions enforcement
Criminal Prosecutions actions
12. agricultural return flows and runoff what are NPDES
from silviculture exempt
oil and gas operations
22. As frequency of rainfall increases, Climate 34. Changes in water chemistry Tss impacts?
water has less chance to drain Chemical influx to fish
through the soils. Soil remains Algal growth
saturated and runoff volume may Destruction of breeding areas
increase. Flooding possibilities
23. as soon as possible but in no case EPA corrective action 35. channel slopes must be smooth How does
later than 7 days after the frequency check slots/staple barrier are required seedbed
inspection preparation for
slope RECP's
24. At least 2 growing seasons How long should it
differ from and
be assumed that it
ECB and TRM?
will take to develop
adequate vegetative 36. Climate What
cover Soils parameters must
Location be considered
25. attraction between water and soil capillarity
Topography for successful
particles that cause water to move
Temperature seed planting?
in any direction through the soil
Moisture
mass regardless of gravitational
Slope Aspect
forces
37. Coastal zone act re authorization CZARA
26. Bales should not be placed on Describe the
amendments 1990
impervious surfaces where rock differences between
barriers can using bales and rock 38. Coastal Zone Act Reauthorization CZARA
around an area drain? Amendments (CZARA) of 1990 requires
Bales do not allow for percolation coastal zone states to develop Coastal
through the material where rock Nonpoint Pollution Control Programs
does
section 6217 nonpoint source in coastal
27. Bales Examples of common
areas
Silt fences sediment barriers
Berms 39. Collect data 4 steps for
Depressions Evaluate data effective SWPPP
Develop plan
28. Bank protection to prevent erosion Revetment
Implement plan
29. A bench or terrace between two Berm
40. combined LS factor in the RUSLE Topographic
slopes
represents ratio of soil loss on a given factor (LS)
30. biomass appears in clumps Bunch slope length and steepness to a soil loss
31. Bottom of a drainage facility which Invert from a slope that has a length of 72.6 ft
the lowest flows would pass and a steepness of 9%

32. caused by rain splash detaching soil sheet erosion 41. computed spacial average soil loss and A
particles lifting them up and temporal average soil loss per unit of
removing them by shallow "sheets" acres expressed in the units selected for
of water flowing down the sloped K and for the period selected for R.
soil surface
Typically selected in tons per acre per
33. C-Factor What two factors are
year
P-Factor used to calculate the
effectiveness of a 42. a concrete base generally constructed cradle
sediment and erosion to fit the shape of a structure that is to
control plan? be forced through earthen material by a
jacking operation. The cradle is
constructed to line and grade.
43. Concrete lined channels Convey 53. The direction of runoff Why is controlling wind-borne
Rock lined waterways Runoff waters is dictated by particles by structural measures
Grassed waterway (Waterways) gravity and channel more difficult than controlling
Grade stabilization structure confinement. sediment in runoff waters by
slope drains structural measures?
Wind-borne particles
44. Condition under which water discharges Free outlet
can travel in any
with no interface such as a pipe discharging
direction because of
into open air.
blowing wind and are
45. Cover management factor C not confined
ratio of soil loss from an area with specified
54. Distance from the top Flow path length
cover and management to soil loss from an
of the slope to the
identical area in a bare condition
closest waterway,
46. covers the ground with biomass Sod- forming diversion or design
47. December 1999, require construction sites Phase II point
disturbing equal to or greater than 1 acre 55. Does not calculate USLE
and less than 5 to control pollutants in annual erosion rates on
stormwater runoff. comstruction sites
48. deposition of eroded material Sedimentation 56. Don't use RUSLE for What does RUSLE not apply to?
49. deposits of silts, sands, gravels and similar alluvial disturbed forested
detrital material that have been conditions
transported by running water 57. Earth Dike Divert Runoff (Diversions)
50. depth of water in a conduit at which under critical depth Perimeter Dike
certain other conditions the maximum flow Water Bars
will occur. These other conditions are the Check Dams
conduit is on the critical slope with the Temporary Swales
water flowing at its critical velocity and 58. Earth dikes Structural (sediment control)
there is an adequate supply of water Silt fences
51. Design SWPP to match project 4 steps in Drainage Swales
Determine limits of clearing planning Sediment traps /basins
Divide site into natural drainage areas process Check dams
Design erosion and sediment control Level spreaders
practices Slope drains
Rock outlet protection
52. destruction of spawning areas, food Identify
sources, habitat instream 59. ease with which soil is soil erodibility
direct toxicity to wildlife damages of detached by splash
lake degradation sediment during rainfall or by
filling of navigation channels surface flow or both...
impacts to commercial fisheries (K)
reduction of water storage capacities
60. effect of topography on erosion Slope Length (L) 69. Erosion control blanket What is an ECB?
is LS
70. Erosion Control Soil Stabilization

erosion increases as slope length

combined with runoff management
increases, which is represented
to limit or control erosion.
by L
71. Erosion Control Practice Factor P
surface runoff will usually ratio of soil loss with certain
concentrate in less than 400 conservation practice to that of no
feet, which is a practical slope practice
length limit 72. erosion or scour by abrasion in corrasion
flowing water
slope length and steepness
73. Establishment and maintenance of What are the most
affect sheet and rill erosion
vegetation important factors in
61. Effluent Limitation Guidelines ELG minimizing erosion
during development
Effective, February 2010, requires
74. Evaluate the site for Planning
operators to sample stormwater
Pre-development conditions Considerations for
discharges and comply with a
Grading and construction Runoff Management
numeric standard for turbidity.
Developed conditions
August 2011, 20 acres of more
Feb 2014, sites more than 10 75. every 7 days or within 24 hours of EPA general permit
acres must comply with numeric 0.5 inch storm event inspection frequency
effuent limitations (280 NTUS) 76. Fabric material must be installed in What items are to be
a trench considered when
NEL waived for events exceeding Turn ends uphill installing, inspection
2 year 24hr storm Post are not to exceed 9 feet and maintaining silt
62. enacted April 1992, identified Storm Water apart fence barriers?
minimum requirements for NPDES Implementation Rule Frequent inspections
stormwater permits Repair splits and slumping material
Remove sediment when
63. EPA can impose fines and Administrative Order
accumulations reach one third of
penalties without court action
the fence height
Maximum is 11,000 per day with a
maximum of 32,500 for CLass 1 77. Federal Insecticide Fungicide and FIFRA
offenses, 16,000 per day and max Rodenticide Act
of 177,000 for class II offenses... 78. Federal Water Pollution Control Clean Water Act
64. EPA delegated authority or EPA State regulations Act enacted to restore and (CWA)
administered maintain the chemical, physical and
biological integrity of the waters
65. EPA prefers general contractor Permittee
of the US
66. eroded material suspended in Sediment
wind or water administered by USEPA
67. erosion by suction, especially in cavitation 79. Fewer than 100,000 Phase 2 population
the partial vacuum of a diverging
80. floating log or similar element boom
jet
designed to dampen surface waves
68. Erosion control Which should be the or control movement of drift
primary treatment on a
construction side:
sediment control or
erosion control
81. Flood or tide having a 1 percent chance of Base flood 96. Good Seedbed preparation What steps
being exceeded in any given year (100 planting of seed are
year flood) . Commonly referred to as anchor at top necessary
standard flood on federal flood insurance overlap material for
studies anchor to the soil installing
RECPs on a
82. flood stage or tide crest elevation design high
slope?
adopted for design of drainage and bank water
protection structures 97. Graphical representation of rainfall intensity Hyetograph
against time
83. Flow contribution to a creek by Base flow
groundwater, during dry periods base flow 98. Groundwater located above the water table Perched
constitutes the majority of stream flow and separated by it by a zone of water
impermeable material
84. flow over the upland area of the sheet flow
watershed where there is no defined 99. Group A soils have low runoff potential and Hydrologic
channel or watercourse. high infiltration rates even when wetted. Soil Group
They consist chiefly of deep, well to A
85. Flow with a stronge downward component Plunge
excessively drained sands or gravels and
86. Foliage and plants absorb rainfall and Interception have a high rate of water transmission
prevent soil detachment by splash (greater than 0.30 in/hr)
87. For 98% erosion reduction, 2 tons/ acre Recommended 100. Group B soils have moderate infiltration Hydrologic
mulch (hay or rates when thoroughly wetted and consist Soil Group
straw) chiefly of moderately deep to dep. B
88. a forcible separation, the sudden removal avulsion Moderately well to well drained solid with
of land from the estate of one person to moderately fine to moderately coarse
that of another, shift in channel location textures. These soils have a moderate rate of
water transmission. (0.15 - 0.30 in/hr)
89. Formed when runoff cuts rills deeper and Gully Erosion
wider or when flows from several rills 101. Group C soils have low infiltration rate when Hydrologic
come together and form a large channels thoroughly wetted and consist chiefly of Soil Group
soils with a layer that impedes downward C
90. A form of valve designed so a minimum Flap gate
movement of water and soils with
force is required to push it outer but when
moderately fine to fine texture. These soils
greater water pressure is present on the
ahve a low rate of water transmission (0.05 -
outside of the valve, it remains shut so as
0.15 in/hr)
to prevent water from flowing in the
wrong direction. 102. Group D soils have a high runoff potential. Hydrologic
They have very low infiltration rates when Soil Group
91. Foundation under a drainage structure Bedding
thoroughly wetted and consist chiefly of D
92. general and progressive raising of a aggradation clay soils with high swelling potential, soils
stream bed by deposition of sediment. with a high permanent water table, soils with
Modification of the earths surface in the a claypan or clay layer at or near the
direction of uniformity of grade or slope surface, and shallow soils over nearly
by deposition as in a river bed. impervious material. These soils have a very
93. generally considered due to the Natural low rate of water transmission (0-0.05 in/hr)
influences of climate on the surface of the erosion 103. Gully erosion 10 times volumes of soil per What type
earth unit that sheet and rill of soil
94. Germinate under cooler climatic and soil Cool season erosion
conditions dislodges
most
95. germinate under warmer climatic and soil Warm season sediment?
conditions
104. Hold then release Detention
105. The hydrology of streams Potamology
106. Ia is the sum of the losses that occur before Initial 113. the influence of slope gradient on erosion. Slope
runoff begins. Abstration Estimated in field by use of a clinometer, Steepness (S)
abney level or other device. May be
107. identify characteristics of the site: soils, Site
estimated from contour maps having 2 ft
surface waters, etc. Evaluation
contour intervals if care used.
(steps)
develop a site plan design (disturb smallest
Soil loss increases more with steepness
area, avoid sensitive areas, etc.)
than with length
describe construction activity 114. Install down slope and side slope EPA general
perimeter controls before land sequencing
Prepare pollution prevention site map disturbance occurs
108. Identify Quality Limited waters (compile TMDL
do not disturb an area until necessary for
303d list ) process (3
construction to proceed
steps)
Establish Priority Waters/ Watersheds for
cover or stabilize disturbed area as soon
TMDL development
as possible
Develop TMDLs
time construction activiites to limit impact
109. I'd onsite and offsite drainage basins, locate Why from seasonal climate changes or weather
problem areas, evaluate problems with important to events
diverting offsite flows, etc understand
drainage? delay construction of infiltration measures
110. Include provisions for restoring and Water until the end of the construction project
maintaining the chemical, physical and quality when upstream drainage areas have been
biological integrity of state waters standards stabilized
must do the
Achieve a level of water quality that following do not remove temporary perimiter
provides for the protection and controls until after all upstream areas are
propogration of fish, shellfish and wildlife finally stabilized
and recreation in an on the water 115. Internal Site Conditions Runoff
Divert and direct sediment laden water to considerations
Consider the use and value of state waters BMPs
for public water supplies, propagation of Use existing or new permanent controls
fish and wildlife, recreation, agriculture and ASAP
navigation Design temporary controls as needed
111. Increased flood hazards Name Off
increased water treatment costs stream Site perimeter
decreased capacity in conveyance facilities damages Manage run on from areas
higher infrastructure maintenance costs Manage runoff from sites draining
perimeter
112. increase in volume of flow due to air bulking
protect internal active inlets
entrainment, debris, bedload or suspended
sediment 116. larges rock transported by a stream or boulder
rolled in the surf
117. layer of graded rock between rock riprap backing layer
and underlying engineering fabric or filter
layer to prevent extrusion of the soil or
filter layer material through the riprap
118. Line drawn on a map joining points that Isohyet/isohyetal 132. Negligent 2500 to 50k/day/violation Criminal
receive the same amount of line Knowing 5k to 100k/day/violation penalties
precipitation Knowing endanger 250k to 1mil
False statement 10 - 20K
119. Line on a diagram of a channel Isovel
connecting points of equal velocity 133. Noi and NOT 5
SWPPP requirement
120. the loss from the top is lower than the On a long
Inspections with 1992
slope average and the loss from the uniform slope,
Amending plans ruling
bottom is considerably higher where is the
Record retention for 3 yrs
most loss?
134. No release Retention
121. may become unstable due to increased Channel Erosion
flows or changes in upstream sediment 135. Nov 16, 1990, stormwater application rule first
load regulations
April 1992, stormwater implementation rule of
122. Mechanical Drill List the methods
stormwater
Broadcasting for planting seed
Hydraulic Methods 136. NPDES Regs Section 402
123. movement of large sand particles surface creep 137. nutrients priority
(0.5mm and larger) along the ground pathogens pollutants
surface. The saltation process dislodges heavy metals include
these particles and the wind rolls them. toxics
sediment
124. movement of the intermediate size saltation
salts
(,0.05 to 0.5mm) particules (very fine,
detergents
fine and medium sand) that are lifted a
hydro carbons
short distance into the air and fall back
to dislodge more soil. This accounts for 138. occurs once flow begins to flow rills. This Shallow
one half of total soil movement generally begins within 150 feet of the concentrated
onset of runoff and seldom after 300 feet flow
125. Mulches control soil temperature Why are
of sheet flow
Reduce evaporation mulches
Protect the soil against erosion from important? 139. Of brief duration, as the flow of a stream in Ephemeral
rainfall an arid region
Reduce weed competition
140. once TMDL determined, regulatory agency Waste Load
126. Municipal Separate Storm Sewers MS4 allocates a portion to each source of that Allocations
Systems pollutant within a particular watershed (WLA)
127. Must be used along slope contours Identify 141. Onsite infiltration Eps recs for
Small contributing areas limitations of Flow attenuation by vegetation pollutant
Shouldn't be used for long flow lengths sediment Outfall dissipation devices reductions
Only for temporary storage of runoff barriers Retention structures/ artificial wetlands
Not to be used where concentrated Detention facilities
flow exists
142. open channel flow occurs where channels channel flow
128. National environmental policy act NEPA are visible on aerial photos where blue lines
exist on USGS quad sheets or channel
129. National Pollutant Discharge Elimination NPDES
existence can be verified in the field.
System
Mannings equation generally used to
130. Nationwide Urban Runoff Program NURP predict velocity for channel flow
1987-1983
143. an open frame structure loaded with earth crib
led to EPA regulating stormwater
or stone ballast to act as a baffle in bank
131. natural erosion plus human activities Accelerated protection
erosion
144. Outer layer of slope revetments Face
145. outward growth of bank or shore by Accretion 158. Pre Construction : mark sensitive areas Steps in
sedimentation. increase of extension of Construction Access: construction Construction
boundaries of land by action of natural entrances, etc Sequencing
forces Sediment Barriers and Traps: install
basin after site assessed
146. Parallel to a contour when on a hillside Inappropriate
Runoff control: diversions, outlet
In channels or areas of concentrated flow places for
protection
barriers
Runoff Conveyance
147. peak discharge of the flood associated with design flood Land Clearing and Grading
the probability of exceedence selected for Surface Stabilization
the design of an encroachment in a FEMA Building Construction
Flood plain Landscaping and Final Stabilizaiton
148. Perforated risers Effective 159. problems for down slope property Problems
Siphon drawdowns outlet owners associated with
Subsurface drains structures nuisance problems on streets construction
Skimmers clog streams and storm drains related erosion
149. Permanent and deep rooted Perennial increased turbidity downstream
cover sensitive habitat with sediment
150. Pertaining to being left behind Reliction
160. process in which, by the actions of wind Erosion
151. phase 3 BMP
and/or water, soil particles detached
Selection and
and transported
review state and local requirements Plan Design
select erosion and sediment controls 161. Property of soils that permits passage Permeability
stormwater management controls of any fluid. Depends on grain size,
other controls void ratio, shape and arrangement of
prepare inspection and maintenance plan pores.
description of controls 162. protect the beneficial uses of surface Purpose of
sequence of activities waters Clean Water Act
152. physio-graphic form of sediment deposit cone 163. Public Education and Outreach 6 minimum
washed from a gorge channel onto an Public Participation / Involvement measures of
open plain, a debris cone also called an Illicit Discharge Detection and SWMP
alluvial fan Elimination
153. Plants help maintain. Soil porosity and Infiltration Construction Site Runoff Control
permeability delaying onset of runoff Post Construction Runoff Control
Pollution Prevention / Good
154. Portion of a cone, sometimes used to Fan
Housekeeping
emphasize definition of radial channels.
Also reference to spreading out of water
(PPICPP)
or soils associated with waters leaving a
confined channel 164. Pure Live Seed PLS

155. precast prismatic unit for riprap structure block

PLS = germination % x purity / 100
156. precipitation (P) Factors
165. Q = volume of the runoff in watershed Runoff Volume
time affecting
inches multiplied by the watershed
watershed area runoff
area.
ground cover
antecedent moisture condition 166. qp = qu x A x Q x Fp Peak Discharge
storage in the watershed
soil permeability qp= peak discharge
qu = unit peak discharge
157. Precipitation - Surface Runoff - Infiltration Hydrologic
A = watershed area
- Transipiration- Percolation -Evaporation Cycle
q = runoff in watershed inches
Fp = adjustment for watershed storage
167. Q p as cubic feet per second cfs Peak Rate 179. Reduce rainfall impact Benefits of vegetation
of Runoff Enhance infiltration
Reduce surface water velocities
168. quantifies six factors: rainfall and runoff USLE
Trap vegetation in vegetative
erosiveness, soil erodibility, slope length, Universal
shoots
slope steepness, cover management Soil Loss
Retain soil in roots
practices and support conservation Equation
Promote establishment of
practices
permanent vegetation
169. quantity of flow that is expected at a certain design
180. Reduces particle detachment and List the benefits for
point as a result of a design storm. Usually discharge
wind velocity using vegetation to
expressed as a rate of flow in cubic meters
Absorbs the impact of moving control wind erosion
per second
particles
170. Rain and natural biodegredation remove the What
181. refers to the corrosive properties aggressive
product removes
of soil and water
hydraulic
mulches 182. regulates dredge / fill permitting Section 404
into waters of the US administered
171. raindrop impact energy is enough to Splash
by USACE
dislodge surface sediments erosion
183. Resource Conservation and RCRA
172. rainfall amounts provided through isoheytal
recovery act 1976
meteorological records map
maps provide 2 to 100 year frequency, 24 184. ridging (to trap soil particles and practices used to
duration storms most of the US decrease surface area exposed to make soil surface
wind velocity) condition less erodible
173. Rainfall energy Rate of
by the wind include
Intensity erosion is
turning over the soil to increase
Duration related to
cloddiness
what 3
factors
irrigating to increase cohesiveness
174. Rainfall Most and weight of soil particles and
Runoff construction decreasing detachability
site erosion
results growing vegetation to increase
from? organic matter and increase
175. Rainfall-runoff erosivity factor R aggregation in the surface area
Rainfall erosion index plus a factor for any
significant runoff from snowmelt using vegetation as surface cover

176. Ratio of change in elevation divided by the Slope 185. Rock outlet protection Stabilize Outlet
respective change in the horizontal distance level spreader
paved flume
177. the recurrence interval for hydrologic design
events used for design purposes frequency 186. rock smaller than a boulder and cobble
larger than gravel
178. Reduce flow velocities and contain some What is
runoff waters value of 187. Rolled Erosion Control Product What is RECP?
sediment 188. Root systems physically bind or Restraints
barrier restrain soil particles while above
ground portions filter out
sediment from runoff
189. Roughens the soil surface by Soil Roughening 201. Sediment that moves by rolling, sliding Bed load
mechanical means or skipping along the bed and is
Typically performed parallel to the essentially in contact with the stream
slop contours and perpendicular to bed
the direction of the runoff
202. Selecting proper seed mix that includes What must be
190. Roughen surface and intercept flow How do warm season grasses, the use of soil considered in
ie slow and capture management amendments, and planting when soil establishing
practices reduce moisture exists. vegetation
erosion?
203. Settling velocity What are 2most
191. Roughen the ground What structural Discharge important
Install measures that reduce wind methods can be factors when
velocity used to control calculate
windborne surface area of
particles? a sediment
containment
192. Roughness coefficient in the N value
system
manning formula for determination
of the discharge in the Chezy 204. shear stress What do you
formula velocity evaluate for
selection of an
193. Runoff volume Surface Runoff
ECB and TRM?
Peak rate of discharge Predictions
205. Silt Soil types in
194. A - sand, loamy sand or sandy loam Disturbed Soil
Sand order of most
B - silt loam or loam Profiles
Clay erodible to least
C- sandy clay loam
Gravel
D- clay loam, silty clay loam, sandy
clay, silty clay or clay 206. Site evaluation and design 6 phases of
development stormwater
195. seasonal variation in temperature Season
Project Assessment pollution
and rainfall defines periods of high
Control selection and plan design prevention for
erosion potential during the year
Certification and notification construction
196. second phase in preparing SWPPP Project Assessment Construction / implementation activiites
Final stabilization / termination
Measure site areas
207. Site perimeter List appropriate
Determine drainage area
Below areas subject to sheet or rill places for
Calculate the runoff
erosion sediment
197. section 303 d of the clean water act what does TMDL Below toe of slope barriers
established TMDL process to guide do Toe of stream bank
the application of state water quality Around drains or inlets
standards.
208. slope drains Identify some
198. Sediment barriers Examples of type 3 diversion berms runoff measures
containment for controlling
systems? erosion
199. sediment can affect light Suspended material 209. Slope length and steepness influence Topography
penetration, channel stability, volume and velocity of surface runoff.
fisheries and habitat Long slopes deliver more runoff to the
200. Sediment Pollutants with base of the slopes and steep slopes
Nitrogen/phosphorus ( fertilizers) construction increase runoff velocity. Both enhance
Heavy metals activities? potential for erosion
Hydrocarbons
210. Slope length factor L 218. Soils are classified into hydrologic soil Soil
ration of soil loss from the field slope groups (HSG) to indicate the minimum rate Permeability
length to soil loss from a 72.6 ft length of infiltration obtained for bare soil after
under identical conditions prolonged wetting. The HSGs are one
element used in runoff curve numbers. The
211. Slope steepness factor S
infiltration rate is the rate at which water
ratio of soil loss from the field slop
enters the soil at the soil surface. HSG also
gradient to soil loss from a 9% slope under
indicates the transmission rate (rate at
otherwise identical conditions
which the water moves within the soil),
212. Small channels down an embankment that Rills which is controlled by the soil profile.
are 3 inches or less in depth
219. some soils are in D because of a high water Drainage
213. Smother spawning areas Impact of table that creates a drainage problem. and Group
Light pollution construction Once these soils are drained, they are D
to wetlands placed in a different group
214. soil erodibility factor K 220. splash Types of
the soil - loss rate per erosion index unit sheet Erosion
for a specific soil rill
215. Soil erodibility Factors that gully
Vegetative Cover influence channel
Topography erosion 221. Stabilize and protect disturbed soils from: What do
Climate Rainfall impact RECP do?
Season Erosion and concentrated flows
216. soil exposed to erosion from wind and Hazards Increase infiltration
water associated Conserve soil moisture
increased water runoff, soil movement and with urban Assist with seed germination
sediment accumulation from: removal of developments 222. stabilize slopes Basic
plant cover, construction of impervious manage surface and groundwater i.e. Principles
areas, changes in drainage areas caused seepage that apply
by grading, changes in volume and stockpile topsoil and reapply where to
duration of flows caused by altering possible establishing
steepness, distance and surface vegetation
roughness, soil compaction by heavy
223. Stabilize slopes Basic
equipment, ...
Manage surface and groundwater Principles
217. soil loss from gullies, channels and other Other erosion Stockpile topsoil that apply
concentrated flow may be determined by Retain natural vegetation to
calculating the annual volume of soil Utilize suitable species establishing
removed from the eroded areas. Prepare an adequate seed bed vegetation
Apply soil amendments as needed
Annual tons of soil loss can be
224. Stabilize the toe of the slope Retaining
determined by multiply the volume by the
Reduce Slope Steepness Walls
weight of the soil
225. The stable slope of a bank or revetments Repose
expressed asa an angle or the ratio of
horizontal to vertical projection
226. Stems and foliage increase surface Retardation
roughness and slow runoff velocity
227. Stone 10 to 75 mm in diameter including Pebble
coarse gravel
228. Stormwater Management Plan SWMP
229. stormwater must be in any discernable, NPDES 239. swamp formed by water rising to the cienega
confined, and discrete conveyance, stormwater surface at a fault
including but not limited to any pipe, ditch, regulation
240. T=95(V x Qp)0.56 x l x LS xC x P MUSLE
channel, tunnel, well, discrete fissure, say
container, rolling stock, concentrated
T= sediment yield in tons for a storm
feeding operation....
event
230. stormwater runoff, snow melt runoff, and stormwater V = volume of runoff for the storm
surface runoff and drainage event, acre- feet
Qp= peak flow for the storm event,
231. straw Identify
cfs
coconut types of
K, LS, C, P = same in RUSLE
excelsior materials
coir RECPs are 241. Temp and permanent seeding Nob structural
polypropylene constructed Mulching BMPs include
nylon from Sod
Vegetative buffers
232. straw/hay Name three
Protection of trees
wood fiber types of
paper fiber mulch 242. Temp and permanent seeding..must Non structural
bark be initiated within 14 days erosion control
Mulching practices
233. Strengthen Subsurface : Structural and Soil
Sod stabilization
Biotechnical Stabilization
Vegetative buffer strips
Disturbed Surface Areas: Vegetative and
Non Vegetative Cover 243. temporary, fast growing, shallow Annual
rooted
234. Structure that treats less than 5 acres Sediment
trap 244. A temporary of permanent sediment EPA general
basin be installed in any drainage permit requires
235. sum of the calculated sheet and rill erosion total
location where more than 10 acres in how many acres
plus other erosion estimated
the upstream drainage area are and how much
erosion
disturbed at one time. storage for
236. sum of the waste load allocations for point TMDL temporary
source, nonpoint source and natural sources The basin must provide at least 3600 sediment basin?
plus a margin of safety. They must identify cubic feet of storage for every acre
links between: water body use impairment of land that it drains.
or threat of concern, cause of impariment,
245. Tendency for soil particles to become Erodibility
load reductions or actions needed to
detached by wind or water
remedy or prevent the impairment
246. Term used by river engineers Poised strean
237. Surface Soil (A layer): upper part of natural Soil Layers
applying to a stream that over a
horizon (topsoil) generally dark in color and
period of time is neither degrading
0-10 inches thick
nor ag grading its channel and is at
near equilibrium as to sediment
Subsoil (B layer): subsoil between A layer
transport and supply
and parent material, 10-26 inches thick
247. Term used in expressing strength of D load
Substratum (C layer) upper part of parent concrete pipe. The cracking d load
material, 26-60 inches thick represents the test load required to
produce a 0.3 mm crack for a length
238. susceptibility of soil to erosion Major
of 300 mm
variables
potential erosivity of rainfall and runoff that affect 248. that flow in open channels at which critical flow
soil erosion the energy content of the fluid is at a
soil protection by plant cover by water minimum. Also, that flow that has a
froude number of one
249. They are not efficient in removing sediment What is a 258. Track Walking Types of
during larger runoff events major Scarifying Soil
limitation Stair Stepping Roughening
They can divert runoff to downstream with using Imprinting
locations that can cause flooding and barriers to Sheepsfoot rolling
sedimentation control
259. transient solitary wave in a narrow or bore
sediment
convergine channel advancing with a steep
entering an
turbulent front, product of flash floods or
inlet
incoming tides
250. They must be removed Once
260. Traps Identify
basins have
Basins Sediment
been
Silt Fence control
stabilized,
Stabilized Construction Entrances practices
what must
Protection of Storm Drain Inlets
occur with
Road Stabilization
all
Turbidity Curtians, etc
barriers?
261. Travel time (Tt ) it takes runoff to travel from Travel time
251. Time of Concentration (Tc) is the time it take Time
one location to another in a watershed
runoff to travel from the hydraulically most
distant point in the watershed to the design 262. Treats more than 5 Sediment
point. The time of concentration is basin
computed by summing all the travel times 263. Tss major pollutant, heavy metals major What did
for consecutive components of the pollutants in urban runoff NURP
conveyance system Erosion rates 10-20 times higher at study
252. Time required for storm runoff to flow from Inlet time construction sites than u disturbed lands discover?
the remote point, in flow time, of a drainage 264. turbulent break in a water surface by boil
area to the point where it enters a drain or upwelling
culvert
265. Turf Reinforcement Mat What is a
253. to determine potential soil loss from wind why are TRM
and the methods used to reduce this loss wind
266. Types of facilities subject to NPDES Storm
erosion
water
guides
application
used
rule
254. tool for rainfall erosion factor (r) isoerodent
267. Unobstructed distance over water in which Fetch
map
waves are generated by wind of relatively
255. top growth shields the surface from raindrop Vegetative constant direction and speed
impact while the root mass holds soil Cover
268. Unrestricted development What
particles in place. Filter strips filter sediment
removal of surface cover problems
from runoff, grasses slow velocity and
increased imperviousness can
maintain infiltration
poor stewardship accelerated
256. To strike and attack directly, as in curvilinear Impinge erosion
flow where the current does not follow he cause?
curve but continues on a tangent into the
269. upward adjustment of the profile of a camber
bank on the outside of bend in he channel
drainage facility under a heavy loading
257. Total Maximum Daily Loads TMDL (usually a high embankment ) and poor soil
define the amount of a particular pollutant conditions, so that as the drainage facility
that a water body can assimilate on a daily settles it approaches the design profile
basis without violating applicable water
quality standards.
270. Urbanization and development What has 280. a wall at the end of a drainage structure, cutoff wall
increased the the top of which is an integral part of the
amount of drainage structure. This wall is usually
impervious buried, and its function is to prevent
surface in our undermining of the drainage structure if the
watersheds? natural material at the outlet of the
structure is scoured by the water
271. USDA categorized storm events into 4 Storm Types
discharging from the end of the structure.
types based on rainfall
Cutoff walls are sometimes used at the
272. users need to be aware that A (in addition RUSLE upstream end of a structure when there is a
to being longtime average annual soil loss) possibility of erosion at this point
is the AVERAGE loss over a slope and that
281. A wall placed at the end of. A culvert. May Endwall
the losses at various parts of the slope
serve 3 purposes:
may differ greatly from one another.
273. USLE What is the Hold the embankment away from pipe and
major soil prevent sloughing into pipe outlet channel
conversation
planning tool Provide a wall that will prevent erosion of
274. usually less expensive than structural Biotechnical the roadway
no specialized installation skills slope
typically no heavy equipment needed protection Prevent flotation of the pipe
environmentally compatible advantages 282. water quality certification Section 401
natural aesthetic appearance requires applicant, including any
provide wildlife habitat and cover construction or operation of a facility, to
275. a value obtained with RUSLE may be Partial year obtain certification to discharge ANY
modified by a factor M to estimate the soil soil loss pollutant.
loss for a portion of the year administered by the State

276. Vegetation Name some 283. waters used for interstate or foreign waters of
Mulches practices for commerce the US
Soil Binders controlling all interstate waters including wetlands
erosion all other waters, the use ofr degeration of
which would affect interstate or foreign
277. velocity of a moving wave, as distinguished celerity
commerce
from velocity of particles oscillating in the
impoundments of waters
wave
territorial sea
278. very fine particles (<0.05mm) soil particles suspension wetlands adjacent to waters above
and aggregates that are carried high into
284. waterway of an ephemeral stream deeply arroyo
the air
carved in rock or ancient alluvium
279. vulnerability of a soil to different erosion Soil
285. Wedged collection of drift in a constriction Jam
processes. Soil structure, texture and Erodibility
of a channel such as a gorge or bridge
percentage of organic matter influence
opening
erodibility.
286. weighted average of erosion control How are C
The presence of clay or organic matter practices found in a sediment and erosion Factors
tends to decrease soil erodibility. Clays control plan determined?
are cohesive and tend to bind soil 287. weighted value of the sediment control How are net
particles together, organic matter helps to practices through which runoff waters pass P-Factor
maintain stable soil structure at the discharge points values
determined?
288. Wind velocity Two factors affecting wind erosivity
Surface roughness
289. within 14 days after the last disturbance How quickly does EPA general permit require site to be stabilized