Open Book/Notes: First Page of Your Submission and Sign It There

Stony Brook University
Department of Civil Engineering
CIV 420 – Hydraulics

Midterm Examination
October 13, 2020, 3:00-4:30 p.m.
OPEN BOOK/NOTES
Name (Print) ____________________________________________________
NOTES:
1. Put your initials at the bottom of all pages.
2. Read all questions carefully.
3. All calculations and assumptions must be clearly described to receive credit. Restating
the problems or writing just any equation does not constitute partial credit.
4. To obtain full credit for questions requiring a mathematical answer, supporting
calculations must be shown with proper use of units and significant. Use metric system.
5. In order to obtain full credit for questions requiring graphical solution, this needs to be
clearly demonstrated and the answer must be reported.
6. Make sure your handwriting is legible. No credit will be given otherwise.
7. Make sure to scan all pages of your solutions and submit as a single PDF file
Honor code:
“I certify that the calculations/data/answers in this exam were generated
independently, using only the tools and resources defined in the course and that I did
not receive any external help, coaching, or contributions during the production of this
work.”.
Signature ________________________
Note: If you are not using the exam sheet for your answers, copy the honor code on the
first page of your submission and sign it there.
Page 1 of 5
PART 1: SHORT-ANSWER QUESTION (20 POINTS)
1. Ignoring energy coefficient when analyzing flow in natural streams would lead to
overestimation of kinetic energy. (True/False) (2 Points)
2. The main difference between pipe flow and open channel flow is that the continuity
equation does not apply to pipe flows as opposed to open channel flows. (True/False)
(2 Points)
3. If there is no loss of energy due to internal friction between two sections of a channel
with a constant flow rate, the specific energy at the two sections will be equal.
(True/False) (2 Points)
4. When deriving Euler’s equation, the only assumption is that fluid is inviscid.
(True/False) (2 Points)
5. Water flowing in a channel with a convex bottom applies a pressure force on the
bottom that is less than the hydrostatic pressure force. (True/False) (2 Points)
6. In equation for specific force, indicate what Terms (1) and (2) imply. (3 Points)
(1) (2)
7. Write down in its simplest form, the specific energy equation for a sloping channel
(θ) with a rectangular cross-section of B wide, carrying a flow of constant rate Q.
Define any new parameters in your equation which are not already introduced here.
(3 Points)
Page 2 of 5
8. Determine the depth of flow on top of the steep slope spillway in the figure below. (4
Points)
El. 106m
?
El. 100m
spillway
Reservoir
Page 3 of 5
PART 2: PROBLEMS (80 POINTS)
Problem 1. Water flows at a rate of 100m3/s and 5m deep, in a gently sloped channel
which has a rectangular cross-sectional area and is 20m wide.
a. What is the flow regime in the channel? (5 points)
A water surface measuring gauge reports potential flow irregularities due to mechanical
failures of a sluice gate which regulates the flow into a steep channel downstream. The
gauge is located 360 m upstream of the gate. The fully open sluice gate suddenly shuts
down due to a mechanical failure.
b. How long does it take for the gauge to report the problem after the incident occurs?
Hint: consider this as small amplitude wave problem. (15 points)
c. Calculate the total thrust on the sluice gate following the incident. (15 points)
Sluice gate fully open
gauge
Sluice gate fully shut
Q=100m3/s y =5m
X= 360m
Fig.1 Side view of channel and gate system Steep

channel
Page 4 of 5
Problem 2. For a construction project, a rectangular channel of 50 m wide carrying a
flow with a volumetric rate of 500 m3/s at a depth of 5 m needs to be narrowed
temporarily using sheet-piles. Assuming that the transition at the contraction is smooth
(no energy loss), and that the channel bottom slope is gentle:
a. Determine the maximum contraction (∆B) such that the flow upstream of the channel
transition is not affected. (14 Points)
b. If the channel is narrowed to B2=20 m, determine the flow velocity and depth,
upstream of the channel transition. How much, if any, the channel walls should be
elevated to ovoid overflow under the new condition, given the walls are h= 5.2 m tall.
(16 Points)
c. Calculate and compare the total flow force on the section of the sheet-pile marked by
red color for (a) and (b). Report the percentage of change in the force? (15 Points)
Note: ∆B=B1-B2
∆B/2
B1=50m B2 Sheet-piles
∆B/2
(a) Plan view
h=5.2m y1=5m
Q=500m3/s
(b) Side view
Fig.2. Channel transition
Page 5 of 5

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Stony Brook University

Department of Civil Engineering

CIV 420 – Hydraulics

Name (Print) ____________________________________________________

Sluice gate fully open

Fig.1 Side view of channel and gate system Steep

(a) Plan view

(b) Side view

Fig.2. Channel transition

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