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chp5 SA

Here are the answers to the questions: 1. Common mistakes made by system analyst during requirements determination include: - Failing to involve key stakeholders - Making assumptions without validating them - Not clarifying ambiguous or incomplete requirements - Not prioritizing or categorizing requirements - Overlooking non-functional requirements like performance, security etc. 2. Advantages of direct observation include discovering what actually happens and confirming information through recall. Disadvantages include it being time consuming. 3. True. Structured English is a modified form of English language used to specify the logic of information system processes.

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23 views18 pages

chp5 SA

Here are the answers to the questions: 1. Common mistakes made by system analyst during requirements determination include: - Failing to involve key stakeholders - Making assumptions without validating them - Not clarifying ambiguous or incomplete requirements - Not prioritizing or categorizing requirements - Overlooking non-functional requirements like performance, security etc. 2. Advantages of direct observation include discovering what actually happens and confirming information through recall. Disadvantages include it being time consuming. 3. True. Structured English is a modified form of English language used to specify the logic of information system processes.

Uploaded by

Naglaa Mostafa
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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SYSTEMS ANALYSIS & DESIGN

SYSTEM ANALYSIS

by
Roslina Abd Hamid
Faculty of Computer Systems & Software
Enginering
[email protected]
Chapter Description

Expected Outcomes

• To discuss requirements determination


• To study methods in gathering requirements

References

• J.A Hoffer, J.F. George, and J.S. Valacich, "Modern Systems Analysis and Design", 7/E,
Addison-Wesley, 2014
• Kenneth E. Kendall, Julie E. Kendall.,“Systems Analysis and Design ”, Pearson, 2014
• D. Jeya Mala and S. Geeta, "Object Oriented Analysis & Design Using UML", McGrawHill, 2013
• Alan Dennis, Barbara Haley Wixom, David Tegarden, "Systems Analysis and Design With UML
: An Object-Oriented Approach ", John Wiley, 2010
• Klaus Pohl, "Requirement Engineering Fundamentals", Santa Barbara, CA : Rocky Nook, 2011
System Analysis

Analysis phase is important because every


project requirements and needs must be defined
accurately and completely. Based on these
requirements, the project will develop a system
which meets users expectation.
Systems analysis is a process of understanding
in detail what a system should accomplish.
.
.
System Analysis

Process of analysis is large and complicated, it


can be divided into two parts which are
requirements determination and requirements
modelling.
This process involves a huge amount of cost and
effort.
System Analysis

A system analyst must conduct eliciting


requirement process.
A good analyst should has certain characteristics
such as impertinence, impartiality and insight.
Impertinence- question everything and take
nothing for granted
Impartiality – unbiased investigation
Insight – assume that anything is possible
Requirement Characteristics

A well-stated requirements should have six basic


characteristics:
Testable and verifiable
Justifiable, accurate and correct
Unambiguous
Consistent
Understandable and modifiable
Traceable
Requirement Determination Methods

Gathering requirement can use various methods


and techniques. Each method has its advantages
and disadvantages,
Two general categories can be classified , which
are Traditional Methods and Modern Methods.
Traditional Methods

Traditional methods to gather requirements are


as follows:
Interviewing
Surveys and questionnaires
Observation
Analyzing documents
Form analysis
Modern Methods

Modern methods to gather requirements are as


follows:
Joint Application Design – JAD
CASE Tools
Iterative Prototyping
Interview

Direct Interview consists of meeting with


individuals or small groups to ask questions
about their roles, responsibilities and needs for
the proposed system.
This method can be classified into two types:
Structured interview – prior to interview session ,
the interviewer prepares specific set of questions.
Unstructured interview – interviewer has general
goals or subject
Interview

There are two basic forms of questions which


are:
Open-ended question – let the respondent to
answer the question in any way.
Closed-ended question – the respondent has
limit set of answers.
Interview

Advantages:
• Respondent can be motivated to answer freely
• Build an active contribution to the propose system
• Instant feedback
Disadvantages:
• Time consuming
• Geographical limitation
• Interviewer must has good communication skill
l
Questionnaires and Surveys
This method can be targeted to mass respondents and they
can complete the questionnaire at their own time.
Advantages:
• Responses can be easily tabulated and analyze
• Less expensive
Disadvantages:
• Response rate often low
• No opportunity to clarify points

t
Direct Observation

This method can be used to discover what happen


and how it happens. Information obtain can be
confirmed through recall that event or process.
Prior to use this method, analyst must know what to
observe and set the objectives.
Unfortunately, this method is time consuming.

t
Analyze Document

Analyst must locate and analyze all written


documents in order to gains better understanding
of the organization and current system.
By doing research on documents ,analyst can
confirm the correct requirements.
Disadvantages of this method is reliability of the
document if it is not up to date.
JAD

JAD has been developed in the late 1970s at


IBM. It focus to bring together the key
stakeholders of the proposed system. JAD
session is more highly structured associated with
the roles of participants.
It must be conducted in a facility located remotely
from participants’ working environment.
JAD participants consist of leader, user, manager,
analyst, scriber and IS staff
Iterative Prototyping

Iterative prototyping been used as a model for


evaluation by system stakeholders.
A prototype allows the analyst to quickly
transform the basic requirements into a limited
working model. By allowing user to use the
prototype, they can refine and add their needs.
Questions

1. Discuss common mistakes made by system


analyst during requirements determination?
2. What are the advantages and disadvantages
of direct observation?
3. Structured English is a modified form of
English language used to specify the logic of
information system processes. [ T/F ]

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