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Systems Development Life Cycle

The document discusses the systems development life cycle (SDLC), which includes planning, analysis, design, implementation, and maintenance phases. It describes the waterfall model as one of the earliest SDLC models and notes there are now many approaches, including iterative prototype, spiral, rapid application development, V-shaped, and object-oriented analysis and design models. The key phases and activities in the waterfall model are outlined.

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33 views19 pages

Systems Development Life Cycle

The document discusses the systems development life cycle (SDLC), which includes planning, analysis, design, implementation, and maintenance phases. It describes the waterfall model as one of the earliest SDLC models and notes there are now many approaches, including iterative prototype, spiral, rapid application development, V-shaped, and object-oriented analysis and design models. The key phases and activities in the waterfall model are outlined.

Uploaded by

Naglaa Mostafa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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SYSTEMS ANALYSIS & DESIGN

SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT LIFE


CYCLE
by
Roslina Abd Hamid
Faculty of Computer Systems & Software
Enginering
[email protected]
Chapter Description

Expected Outcomes

• To know the various stages in a system life cycle


• To understand few methodologies available for system development

References
• J.A Hoffer, J.F. George, and J.S. Valacich, "Modern Systems Analysis and Design", 7/E,
Addison-Wesley, 2014
• Kenneth E. Kendall, Julie E. Kendall.,“Systems Analysis and Design ”, Pearson, 2014
• D. Jeya Mala and S. Geeta, "Object Oriented Analysis & Design Using UML", McGrawHill,
2013
• Alan Dennis, Barbara Haley Wixom, David Tegarden, "Systems Analysis and Design With
UML : An Object-Oriented Approach ", John Wiley, 2010
• Klaus Pohl, "Requirement Engineering Fundamentals", Santa Barbara, CA : Rocky Nook,
2011
Introduction

• Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) Model is a concept on


standard and procedural to be followed when developing a
system.

• Waterfall Model is among the first been introduced.

• Nowadays many SDLC model can be referred to.


SDLC Phases
Phases in SDLC:
i. Planning
ii. Analysis
iii. Design
iv. Implementation
v. Maintenance
SDLC Phases

Planning

Maintenan
Analysis
ce

Implementati
Design
Figure 2.1 shows system on
development life cycle
SDLC Phases

• Planning stage involve many activities because it


initiates with a project development request.

• The main goal is to identify the problem.

• Therefore need to establish either it is new or


enhanced system.

• All possible alternative solutions must be think of. The


best solution as a ‘proposed system’ shall be chosen.
Planning
The proposed system is assess for its feasibility, meaning,
evaluate for its practical and beneficial to build that system.
Feasibility must be assess from developer and customer’s
point of view.
There are six feasibility factors :
i. Economical
ii. Technical
iii. Operational
iv. Legal
v. Schedule
vi. Political
Analysis

Analysis phase is a detailed investigation on


operations, relationship among functional units and
boundary of the system.
Study shall be conduct to elicit user’s information
requirement. Many tools are used during this
phase such as Questionnaires, Observation, Data
Flow Diagram, Use Case Diagram etc.
Analysis

System Analyst shall meet with client in order to


elicit, gather and collect their requirement.
One of the output (deliverable) produce in this
phase is Software Requirement Specification
(SRS).
Design

Once the analysis completed, the system analyst


must start design phase.
Software Requirement Specification shall be
used as a reference in this phase.
During design phase , the structure or design for
the proposed system is finalized.
Structure of files, databases, input, output,
processes, and screen or interfaces are decided.
Design

One of the output (deliverable) in design phase


is Software Design Document (SDD)
SDD include various graphical representations of
reports, user interaction screens, database
structure etc.
This document shall be used during
implementation of the system.
Implementation

In this phase, the design is transform into the


coding activities.
Programmers are responsible to coding and
documenting their work.
These documents are important to test the
program.
Several testing must be done on the system
Implementation

Testing stages:
i. Unit testing
ii. Integration testing
iii. System testing
iv. User Acceptance Test
Implementation

After user accept the system, it shall be


deployed/install at user site.
Developer also need to provide support and
training of the system to user
Maintenance

System also needs maintenance over period of


time.
Maintenance can be on hardware and software.
The system need to be maintain especially to
debug errors. It may also need to be upgraded
such as new functionality or demand from user.
SDLC Model

There are numbers of development models,


which follow SDLC phases.
Traditional SDLC model is Waterfall Model.
It was developed in late 1960s in an attempt to
introduce a more systematic engineering
approach to software development.
Waterfall Lifecycle Model

Analysis

Design

Coding/Implementation

Testing

Maintenance
Figure 2.2 Waterfall Lifecycle Model
Waterfall Lifecycle Model

Advantages:
i. Provides structure approach to new
developer
ii. Sets requirements early
iii. Easy to understand
iv. Milestones are better understood
Other SDLC Approaches

There are many other approaches to system


development model such as:
i. Iterative Prototype Model
ii. Spiral Model
iii. Rapid Application Development
iv. V-Shaped SDLC Model
v. OOAD Approach

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