7

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This article is about the number. For the year, see AD 7. For symbolism, see Symbolism of the number 7. For
other uses, see 7 (disambiguation) and No. 7 (disambiguation).

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←6 7 8→

-1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 →

List of numbers — Integers

← 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 →

Cardinal seven

Ordinal 7th

(seventh)

Numeral system septenary

Factorization prime

Prime 4th

Divisors1, 7

Greek numeral Ζ´

Roman numeral VII, vii

Greek prefix hepta-/hept-

Latin prefix septua-

Binary 1112

Ternary 213

Octal 78

Duodecimal 712

Hexadecimal 716

Greek numeral Z, ζ

Amharic ፯
Arabic, Kurdish, Persian ٧

Sindhi, Urdu ۷

Bengali ৭

Chinese numeral七, 柒

Devanā garī ७

Telugu ౭

Tamil ௭

Hebrew ‫ז‬

Khmer ៧

Thai ๗

Kannada ೭

Malayalam ൭

7 (seven) is the natural number following 6 and preceding 8. It is a prime number, and is often considered
lucky in Western culture, and is often seen as highly symbolic.

It is the first number whose pronunciation contains more than one syllable, not counting 0.

Contents

1 Evolution of the glyph

2 Mathematics

2.1 Basic calculations

3 See also

4 Notes

5 References

Evolution of the glyph

SevenGlyph.svg

In the beginning, various Hindus wrote 7 more or less in one stroke as a curve that looks like an uppercase J
vertically inverted. The western Ghubar Arabs' main contribution was to make the longer line diagonal rather
than straight, though they showed some tendencies to making the character more rectilinear. The eastern
Arabs developed the character from a 6 lookalike into an uppercase V lookalike. Both modern Arab forms
influenced the European form, a two-stroke character consisting of a horizontal upper line joined at its right
to a line going down to the bottom left corner, a line that is slightly curved in some font variants. As is the case
with the European glyph, the Cham and Khmer glyph for 7 also evolved to look like their glyph for 1, though
in a different way, so they were also concerned with making their 7 more different. For the Khmer this often
involved adding a horizontal line above the glyph.[1] This is analogous to the horizontal stroke through the
middle that is sometimes used in handwriting in the Western world but which is almost never used in
computer fonts. This horizontal stroke is, however, important to distinguish the glyph for seven from the
glyph for one in writings that use a long upstroke in the glyph for 1. In some Greek dialects of early 12th
century the longer line diagonal was drawn in a rather semicircular transverse line.

Digital77.svg

On the seven-segment displays of pocket calculators and digital watches, 7 is the number with the most
common glyph variation (1, 6 and 9 also have variant glyphs). Most calculators use three line segments, but
on Sharp, Casio, and a few other brands of calculators, 7 is written with four line segments because, in Japan,
Korea and Taiwan 7 is written with a "hook" on the left, as ① in the following illustration.

Sevens.svg

While the shape of the 7 character has an ascender in most modern typefaces, in typefaces with text figures
the character usually has a descender, as, for example, in TextFigs078.svg.

Hand Written 7.svg

Most people in Continental Europe,[2] and some in Britain and Ireland as well as Latin America, write 7 with
a line in the middle ("7"), sometimes with the top line crooked. The line through the middle is useful to clearly
differentiate the character from the number one, as the two can appear similar when written in certain styles
of handwriting. This glyph is used in official handwriting rules for primary school in Russia, Ukraine, Bulgaria,
Poland, other Slavic countries,[3] France, Italy, Belgium, Finland,[4] Romania, Germany, Greece,[5] and
Hungary.[6][failed verification]

Mathematics

Seven, the fourth prime number, is not only a Mersenne prime (since 23 − 1 = 7) but also a double Mersenne
prime since the exponent, 3, is itself a Mersenne prime.[7] It is also a Newman–Shanks–Williams prime,[8] a
Woodall prime,[9] a factorial prime,[10] a lucky prime,[11] a happy number (happy prime),[12] a safe prime
(the only Mersenne safe prime), and the fourth Heegner number.[13]

Seven is the lowest natural number that cannot be represented as the sum of the squares of three integers.
(See Lagrange's four-square theorem#Historical development.)

Seven is the aliquot sum of one number, the cubic number 8 and is the base of the 7-aliquot tree.

7 is the only number D for which the equation 2n − D = x2 has more than two solutions for n and x natural. In
particular, the equation 2n − 7 = x2 is known as the Ramanujan–Nagell equation.

7 is the only dimension, besides the familiar 3, in which a vector cross product can be defined.

7 is the lowest dimension of a known exotic sphere, although there may exist as yet unknown exotic smooth
structures on the 4-dimensional sphere.
999,999 divided by 7 is exactly 142,857. Therefore, when a vulgar fraction with 7 in the denominator is
converted to a decimal expansion, the result has the same six-digit repeating sequence after the decimal
point, but the sequence can start with any of those six digits.[14] For example, 1/7 = 0.142857 142857... and
2/7 = 0.285714 285714....

In fact, if one sorts the digits in the number 142,857 in ascending order, 124578, it is possible to know from
which of the digits the decimal part of the number is going to begin with. The remainder of dividing any
number by 7 will give the position in the sequence 124578 that the decimal part of the resulting number will
start. For example, 628 ÷ 7 = 89+

; here 5 is the remainder, and would correspond to number 7 in the ranking of the ascending sequence. So in
this case, 628 ÷ 7 = 89.714285. Another example, 5238 ÷ 7 = 748+

, hence the remainder is 2, and this corresponds to number 2 in the sequence. In this case, 5238 ÷ 7 =
748.285714.

A seven-sided shape is a heptagon.[15] The regular n-gons for n ≤ 6 can be constructed by compass and
straightedge alone, but the regular heptagon cannot.[16] Figurate numbers representing heptagons
(including seven) are called heptagonal numbers. Seven is also a centered hexagonal number.[17]

There are seven frieze groups,[18] the groups consisting of symmetries of the plane whose group of
translations is isomorphic to the group of integers.

There are seven fundamental types of catastrophes.[19]

Graph of the probability distribution of the sum of 2 six-sided dice

When rolling two standard six-sided dice, seven has a 6 in 62 (or

) probability of being rolled (1–6, 6–1, 2–5, 5–2, 3–4, or 4–3), the greatest of any number.[20]

The Millennium Prize Problems are seven problems in mathematics that were stated by the Clay Mathematics
Institute in 2000.[21] Currently, six of the problems remain unsolved.[22]

Basic calculations

Multiplication 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 15
25 50 100 1000
7×x 7 14 21 28 35 42 49 56 63 70 105 175
350 700 7000

Division1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

11 12 13 14 15

7÷x 7 3.5 2.3 1.75 1.4 1.16 1 0.875 0.7 0.7

0.63 0.583 0.538461 0.5 0.46

x÷7 0.142857 0.285714 0.428571 0.571428 0.714285 0.857142

1.571428 1.714285 1.857142 2 2.142857

Exponentiation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

7x 7 49 343 2401 16807 117649 823543 5764801 40353607

x7 1 128 2187 16384 78125 279936 823543 2097152 4782969

Radix 1 5 10 15 20 25 30 40 50 60 70 80
90 100

110 120 130 140 150 200 250 500 1000 10000 100000 1000000

x7 1 5 137 217 267 347 427 557 1017 1147 1307 1437
1567 2027

2157 2317 2447 2607 3037 4047 5057 13137 26267 411047 5643557
113333117

See also

icon Mathematics portal

Wikimedia Commons has media related to 7 (number).

Look up seven in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Septenary (numeral system)

Septenary (Theosophy)

Seven climes

Year Seven (School)

Se7en (disambiguation)

Sevens (disambiguation)

Luck

One-seventh area triangle

List of highways numbered 7