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Film cinematography began with early experimental films in the late 1880s, such as Roundhay Garden Scene, the earliest surviving motion picture filmed in 1888. In 1891, Thomas Edison developed the Kinetograph, a successful film camera. The following year, Charles Jenkins' Phantoscope allowed for the first audience viewing of projected moving pictures. In 1895, the Lumière brothers presented the Cinématographe, which could take, print and project film, becoming the first commercial motion picture exhibition. Throughout the 1890s-early 1900s, improvements were made including indoor lighting, animation, credits, and close-ups without moving the camera. By the late 1920s, most films had sound. Film remained

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107 views1 page

DGDG

Film cinematography began with early experimental films in the late 1880s, such as Roundhay Garden Scene, the earliest surviving motion picture filmed in 1888. In 1891, Thomas Edison developed the Kinetograph, a successful film camera. The following year, Charles Jenkins' Phantoscope allowed for the first audience viewing of projected moving pictures. In 1895, the Lumière brothers presented the Cinématographe, which could take, print and project film, becoming the first commercial motion picture exhibition. Throughout the 1890s-early 1900s, improvements were made including indoor lighting, animation, credits, and close-ups without moving the camera. By the late 1920s, most films had sound. Film remained

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Kishor Rai
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Film cinematography[edit]

Main article: Film stock

Roundhay Garden Scene (1888), the world's earliest surviving motion-picture film.

The experimental film Roundhay Garden Scene, filmed by Louis Le Prince on October 14, 1888
in Roundhay, Leeds, England, is the earliest surviving motion picture. [7] This movie was shot on
paper film.[8]
An experimental film camera was developed by British inventor William Friese Greene and patented
in 1889.[9] W. K. L. Dickson, working under the direction of Thomas Alva Edison, was the first to
design a successful apparatus, the Kinetograph,[10] patented in 1891.[11] This camera took a series of
instantaneous photographs on standard Eastman Kodak photographic emulsion coated onto a
transparent celluloid strip 35 mm wide. The results of this work were first shown in public in 1893,
using the viewing apparatus also designed by Dickson, the Kinetoscope. Contained within a large
box, only one person at a time looking into it through a peephole could view the movie.
In the following year, Charles Francis Jenkins and his projector, the Phantoscope,[12] made a
successful audience viewing while Louis and Auguste Lumière perfected the Cinématographe, an
apparatus that took, printed, and projected film, in Paris in December 1895. [13] The Lumière brothers
were the first to present projected, moving, photographic, pictures to a paying audience of more than
one person.
In 1896, movie theaters were open in France (Paris, Lyon, Bordeaux, Nice, Marseille); Italy
(Rome, Milan, Naples, Genoa, Venice, Bologna, Forlì); Brussels; and London. The chronological
improvements in the medium may be listed concisely. In 1896, Edison showed his improved
Vitascope projector, the first commercially successful projector in the U.S. Cooper Hewitt invented
mercury lamps which made it practical to shoot films indoors without sunlight in 1905. The first
animated cartoon was produced in 1906. Credits began to appear at the beginning of motion
pictures in 1911. The Bell and Howell 2709 movie camera invented in 1915 allowed directors to
make close-ups without physically moving the camera. By the late 1920s, most of the movies
produced were sound films. Wide screen formats were first experimented with in the 1950s. By the
1970s, most movies were color films. IMAX and other 70mm formats gained popularity. Wide
distribution of films became commonplace, setting the ground for "blockbusters." Film
cinematography dominated the motion picture industry from its inception until the 2010s when digital
cinematography became dominant. Film cinematography is still used by some directors, especially in
specific applications or out of fondness of the format. [citation needed]

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