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Operater Overloading C

The document discusses overloading relational, input/output, and increment/decrement operators in C++. It provides examples of overloading the less than operator (<) to compare Distance objects, overloading the insertion (<<) and extraction (>>) operators to input and output Distance objects, and overloading the prefix and postfix increment operators (++). Overloading operators allows user-defined types to be used with operators in a natural way.

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Syed Ijlal Hussain
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90 views

Operater Overloading C

The document discusses overloading relational, input/output, and increment/decrement operators in C++. It provides examples of overloading the less than operator (<) to compare Distance objects, overloading the insertion (<<) and extraction (>>) operators to input and output Distance objects, and overloading the prefix and postfix increment operators (++). Overloading operators allows user-defined types to be used with operators in a natural way.

Uploaded by

Syed Ijlal Hussain
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Relational Operators Overloading in C++

There are various relational operators supported by C++ language like (<, >, <=, >=,
==, etc.) which can be used to compare C++ built-in data types.
You can overload any of these operators, which can be used to compare the objects of
a class.
Following example explains how a < operator can be overloaded and similar way you
can overload other relational operators.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class Distance {
private:
int feet; // 0 to infinite
int inches; // 0 to 12

public:
// required constructors
Distance() {
feet = 0;
inches = 0;
}
Distance(int f, int i) {
feet = f;
inches = i;
}

// method to display distance


void displayDistance() {
cout << "F: " << feet << " I:" << inches <<endl;
}

// overloaded minus (-) operator


Distance operator- () {
feet = -feet;
inches = -inches;
return Distance(feet, inches);
}

// overloaded < operator


bool operator <(const Distance& d) {
if(feet < d.feet) {
return true;
}
if(feet == d.feet && inches < d.inches) {
return true;
}
return false;
}
};

int main() {
Distance D1(11, 10), D2(5, 11);

if( D1 < D2 ) {
cout << "D1 is less than D2 " << endl;
} else {
cout << "D2 is less than D1 " << endl;
}

return 0;
}

When the above code is compiled and executed, it produces the following result −
D2 is less than D1
Input/Output Operators Overloading in C++
C++ is able to input and output the built-in data types using the stream extraction
operator >> and the stream insertion operator <<. The stream insertion and stream
extraction operators also can be overloaded to perform input and output for user-
defined types like an object.
Here, it is important to make operator overloading function a friend of the class
because it would be called without creating an object.
Following example explains how extraction operator >> and insertion operator <<.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class Distance {
private:
int feet; // 0 to infinite
int inches; // 0 to 12

public:
// required constructors
Distance() {
feet = 0;
inches = 0;
}
Distance(int f, int i) {
feet = f;
inches = i;
}
friend ostream &operator<<(ostream &output, const Distance& D
) {
output << "F : " << D.feet << " I : " << D.inches;
return output;
}

friend istream &operator>>( istream &input, Distance& D ) {


input >> D.feet >> D.inches;
return input;
}
};

int main() {
Distance D1(11, 10), D2(5, 11), D3;

cout << "Enter the value of object : " << endl;


cin >> D3;
cout << "First Distance : " << D1 << endl;
cout << "Second Distance :" << D2 << endl;
cout << "Third Distance :" << D3 << endl;
return 0;
}

When the above code is compiled and executed, it produces the following result −
$./a.out
Enter the value of object :
70
10
First Distance : F : 11 I : 10
Second Distance :F : 5 I : 11
Third Distance :F : 70 I : 10

Overloading Increment ++ & Decrement --


The increment (++) and decrement (--) operators are two important unary operators
available in C++.
Following example explain how increment (++) operator can be overloaded for prefix
as well as postfix usage. Similar way, you can overload operator (--).
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class Time {
private:
int hours; // 0 to 23
int minutes; // 0 to 59

public:
// required constructors
Time() {
hours = 0;
minutes = 0;
}
Time(int h, int m) {
hours = h;
minutes = m;
}

// method to display time


void displayTime() {
cout << "H: " << hours << " M:" << minutes <<endl;
}

// overloaded prefix ++ operator


Time operator++ () {
++minutes; // increment this object
if(minutes >= 60) {
++hours;
minutes -= 60;
}
return Time(hours, minutes);
}

// overloaded postfix ++ operator


Time operator++( int ) {

// save the orignal value


Time T(hours, minutes);

// increment this object


++minutes;

if(minutes >= 60) {


++hours;
minutes -= 60;
}

// return old original value


return T;
}
};

int main() {
Time T1(11, 59), T2(10,40);

++T1; // increment T1
T1.displayTime(); // display T1
++T1; // increment T1 again
T1.displayTime(); // display T1

T2++; // increment T2
T2.displayTime(); // display T2
T2++; // increment T2 again
T2.displayTime(); // display T2
return 0;
}

When the above code is compiled and executed, it produces the following result −
H: 12 M:0
H: 12 M:1
H: 10 M:41
H: 10 M:42

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