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Lecture 2 - Load Balancing Method

1. The document describes load balancing methods (LBM) for prestressed concrete beams under different loading conditions. 2. Key formulas are presented for calculating the load capacity of prestressed beams based on the prestressing force, beam section properties, and eccentricity. 3. An example problem demonstrates applying LBM to calculate stresses at transfer and service stages for a given prestressed beam with a 20% loss in prestressing force over time. Stresses are verified to satisfy code limits.

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Lexi Barcelon
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418 views

Lecture 2 - Load Balancing Method

1. The document describes load balancing methods (LBM) for prestressed concrete beams under different loading conditions. 2. Key formulas are presented for calculating the load capacity of prestressed beams based on the prestressing force, beam section properties, and eccentricity. 3. An example problem demonstrates applying LBM to calculate stresses at transfer and service stages for a given prestressed beam with a 20% loss in prestressing force over time. Stresses are verified to satisfy code limits.

Uploaded by

Lexi Barcelon
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LOAD BALANCING METHOD

BASIC CONCEPT

a.) At zero prestressed:


A = BD
I=

Z=
If w = 0
t=0

w= (NO PRESTRESS IN THE BEAM)


b.) Axial Stress (let e =0)

STRESS DIAGRAM
= P = A(FPS)

w= (CARRYING CAPACITY OF BEAM

Where:
w = load capacity of the beam (kN/m)
P = P.S force (kN/N)
z = Section modulus of P.S Beam (mm3)
A = x-sectional area of P.S Beam (m
L = unsupported length of P.S Beam (m)
c.) With eccentricity below NA (e=P/6)

STRESS DIAGRAM

= (GENERAL FORMULA)
= = =

= (CARRYING CAPACITY OF BEAM)


Therefore by locating the prestress of an eccentricity D/6, the load carrying is effectivel doubled.

d.) Varying eccentricity e from zero at support to maximum at midspan.

Let θ = slope of cable


And since θ = very small; θ = sin θ = tan θ = 2e/L
Σ Fy = 0
R = 2Psinθ
R = 2P( ) = ( )  Equation 1 w=
If M =
M = Pe

e.) Parabolic cable (curve)

PARABOLIC EQUATION

y = 4e [ - ] Px = Pcos θ ΣFy =0

SLOPE: ] Px = P WF = PK

CURVATURE: =0 =k Py = Psin θ WF = P( )

@x = 0; θ = Py = WF =

@x = 0; θ =
EXAMPLE 1

GIVEN:

f’c =34.5 MPa


fci =27.6 MPa
fs = 1207 MPa
REQUIRED:
a. Sresses at transfer stage
b. Stresses at service stage with DL = and allow a 20% loss

SOLUTION:
a. Stress at transfer stage

As = 8[ (0.6 x 25.4)2]
As = 1459.32 mm2

P = fsA
P = 1207(1459.32)
P = 1.761 x 106 N

Due to axial:
fn = ; Aps = 762(508) = 387.096 mm2
fn = = 4.55 MPa
WB = γc(Aps)

WB = 23.54 (387,096 mm2)( )

WB =9.112

M=

M = 9.112

M = 169.53 kN.m

ftop = - = = -3.45 MPa

fbot = 3.45 MPa

STRESS DIAGRAM
Allow Stresses:

fcallow = 0.6fci = 0.6(27.6) = 16.56 MPa > 8 MPa > 1.10 MPa ∴ ok!
b. Stresses at service stage @20% loss
P = 0.8 (1.761 x 106)
P = 1.41 x 106 N
DUE TO AXIAL

fa =
fa = 3.64 MPa
DUE TO FLEXURE
Wt = DL + WB
Wt = 8 + 9.112 ftop = -3.64 – 6.48 = -10.12 MPa (C)
Wt = 17.112 fbot = -3.64 + 6.48 = 2.84 MPa (T)

Ms = = 3187.37 kN.m CHECK:

ftop = fcallow = 0.45 fc’ = 0.45(34.5) = 15.53 MPa >fcactual ∴ ok!

ftop = -6.48 MPa ftallow = 0.5 = 0.5 = 2.94 MPa >ftactual ∴ ok!

fbot = 6.48 MPa The 508 mm x 762 mm is safe to carry the given load

STRESS DIAGRAM
Problem 1

A PS beam section is subjected to load “w” as shown.

Required:

Load Capacity “w” of the beam using LBM

Use:

fc’= 30 MPa

fps=1200 MPa

let e= D/6

Solution:

Case 3. With PS and e=D/6

From Case 3:
w=

where:

P=fpsAps

P = 1200(4)( /4)(25)2= 2.356194 x 106 N

= = = 150 mm

Substitute all required values:

w= x ; w= 28.851 kN/m

Problem 2

A PS T-beam section is subjected to load “w” as shown.

Required:

Load Capacity “w” of the beam using LBM

Use:

fps=1300 MPa

sc=120 mm
Solution:

CASE 3

M=Pz ( + )

For P:
P=fpsA

P= 1300 x

P= 2.450442 x 106 N

In getting ybot:

ATotal= 400(800)+ 400(400)

ATotal = 480, 000 mm2


480 000 ybot =400(800)(600)+ 400(400)(200)

ybot= 466.667 mm

ytop= 800- 466.667 = 333.333 mm

In getting e:

e= ybot- sc

e=466.667-120

e = 346.667 mm

In getting z:

x= [ +800 (400) (133.333)2 ] + [ + 400(400) (266.667)2 ]

x= 2.346667 x 1010 mm4

z=

z=

z = 5.028569 x107 mm3


Substitute:

M= ( + )

M= 1 106.208 kN-m

Shear and Moment Diagram:

In getting the reactions:

RA= RB=
RA= RB= 8w

Maximum Moment = 16 w

16w= 1106.208

w=69.138 kN/m

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