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    Spirometry (PPT & Words) 1

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    Fluffyyy Babyyy
    Spirometry measures lung function by assessing the volume of air a patient can breathe out after taking the deepest breath possible. It can differentiate between obstructive lung diseases like asthma which narrow the airways from restrictive lung diseases like fibrosis which stiffen the lungs. Key measures include forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and their ratio (FEV1/FVC), which are compared to reference values based on age, sex, height and ethnicity to identify patterns and monitor severity. An obstructive pattern shows reduced FEV1 and FEV1/FVC ratio, while a restrictive pattern shows reduced FEV1 and FVC with a normal ratio.

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    Spirometry (PPT & Words) 1

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    Fluffyyy Babyyy
    77 views5 pages
    Spirometry measures lung function by assessing the volume of air a patient can breathe out after taking the deepest breath possible. It can differentiate between obstructive lung diseases like asthma which narrow the airways from restrictive lung diseases like fibrosis which stiffen the lungs. Key measures include forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and their ratio (FEV1/FVC), which are compared to reference values based on age, sex, height and ethnicity to identify patterns and monitor severity. An obstructive pattern shows reduced FEV1 and FEV1/FVC ratio, while a restrictive pattern shows reduced FEV1 and FVC with a normal ratio.

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    Spirometry (PPT & words) 1

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    Spirometry measures lung function by assessing the volume of air a patient can breathe out after taking the deepest breath possible. It can differentiate between obstructive lung diseases like asthma which narrow the airways from restrictive lung diseases like fibrosis which stiffen the lungs. Key measures include forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and their ratio (FEV1/FVC), which are compared to reference values based on age, sex, height and ethnicity to identify patterns and monitor severity. An obstructive pattern shows reduced FEV1 and FEV1/FVC ratio, while a restrictive pattern shows reduced FEV1 and FVC with a normal ratio.

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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    77 views5 pages

    Spirometry (PPT & Words) 1

    Uploaded by

    Fluffyyy Babyyy
    Spirometry measures lung function by assessing the volume of air a patient can breathe out after taking the deepest breath possible. It can differentiate between obstructive lung diseases like asthma which narrow the airways from restrictive lung diseases like fibrosis which stiffen the lungs. Key measures include forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and their ratio (FEV1/FVC), which are compared to reference values based on age, sex, height and ethnicity to identify patterns and monitor severity. An obstructive pattern shows reduced FEV1 and FEV1/FVC ratio, while a restrictive pattern shows reduced FEV1 and FVC with a normal ratio.

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    What is spirometry?

    Spirometry is a method of assessing lung function by measuring the volume of air that
    the patient is able to expel from the lungs after a maximal inspiration. It is a reliable
    method of differentiating between obstructive airways disorders (e.g. COPD, asthma)
    and restrictive diseases (e.g. fibrotic lung disease).

    Aside from being used to classify lung conditions into obstructive or restrictive
    patterns, it can also help to monitor disease severity. This guide aims to provide a
    basic approach to spirometry interpretation.

    Spirometry provides several important measures including:

     Forced expiratory volume in 1s (FEV1) – the volume exhaled in the first


    second after deep inspiration and forced expiration, similar to PEFR

     Forced vital capacity (FVC) – the total volume of air that the patient can
    forcibly exhale in one breath

     FEV1/FVC – the ratio of FEV1 to FVC expressed as a percentage

    Values of FEV1 and FVC are expressed as a percentage of the predicted normal for a
    person of the same sex, age and height.

    Reference ranges

     FEV1: >80% predicted

     FVC: >80% predicted

     FEV1/FVC ratio: >0.7

    Patient details

    Confirm the patient’s details:

     Name
     Age

     Gender

     Height

     Ethnicity

    Age, gender, height and ethnicity are used to calculate predicted normal values for the
    patient.

    Assess quality of results

    Three consistent volume-time curves are required, of which the best two curves
    should be within 5% of each other.

    The best of the three consistent readings of FEV1 and FVC should be used in your
    interpretation.

    The expiratory volume-time graph should also be smooth and free from abnormalities
    caused by:

     Coughing during expiration

     Extra breath during expiration

     Slow start to forced expiration

     Sub-maximal effortAbnormalities

    Obstructive pattern

     FEV1 reduced (<80% of the predicted normal)


     FVC reduced, but to a lesser extent than FEV1
     FEV1/FVC ratio reduced (<0.7)
    Spirometry: Obstructive lung disease

    Reversibility

    It can be useful to assess reversibility with a bronchodilator if considering asthma as a


    cause of obstructive airway disease.

    Patients should be asked to stop bronchodilator therapy prior to spirometry, to ensure


    previous treatments do not affect the results (if the patient has severe disease, this
    would not be advisable):

     Short acting beta-2-agonists should be stopped 6 hours prior to testing

     Long acting beta-2-agonists should be stopped 12 hours prior to testing

    To assess reversibility, administer 400 micrograms of salbutamol and repeat


    spirometry after 15 minutes:

     The presence of reversibility is suggestive of asthma

     The absence of reversibility suggests fixed obstructive respiratory pathology


    such as COPD

     Partial reversibility may suggest a coexisting diagnosis of asthma and another


    obstructive airway disease (e.g. COPD)

     
    Causes of obstructive lung disease

     COPD
     Asthma
     Emphysema
     Bronchiectasis / Cystic fibrosis

    Restrictive pattern

     FEV1 reduced (<80% of the predicted normal


     FVC reduced (<80% of the predicted normal)
     FEV1/FVC ratio normal (>0.7)

    Spirometry: Restrictive lung disease

    Causes of restrictive lung disease

    Pulmonary causes:

     Pulmonary fibrosis

     Pneumoconiosis

     Pulmonary oedema

     Lobectomy/pneumonectomy
     Parenchymal lung tumours

    Non-pulmonary causes:

     Skeletal abnormalities (e.g. kyphoscoliosis)


     Neuromuscular diseases (e.g. motor neuron disease, myasthenia gravis,
    Guillan-Barre)
     Connective tissue diseases
     Obesity or pregnancy

    References
    1. Spirometry in Practice: A Practical Guide to Using Spirometry in Primary Care
    2nd Ed (2005). British Thoracic Society COPD Consortium. Accessed at: [LINK]
    2. Dr Colin Tidy. Spirometry. Patient.info. Published 2nd Dec 2016. Accessed on 12th
    Dec 2017.

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