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Ghosting Notes

The document provides troubleshooting steps for ghosting or replication artifacts seen on MRI images. It lists potential causes such as Bo instability, FSE adjustment, AC interference, or vibration. It then outlines steps to replicate the issue, evaluate different sequences and coils, and adjust tuning parameters to diagnose and resolve the problem.

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Muhammad Ahmad
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99 views2 pages

Ghosting Notes

The document provides troubleshooting steps for ghosting or replication artifacts seen on MRI images. It lists potential causes such as Bo instability, FSE adjustment, AC interference, or vibration. It then outlines steps to replicate the issue, evaluate different sequences and coils, and adjust tuning parameters to diagnose and resolve the problem.

Uploaded by

Muhammad Ahmad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Ghosting – See more than one image or smeared looking background

Replication – More distinct – one phantom then multiple phantoms

1. Bo instability
2. FSE adjustment if on fast spins only
3. AC interference
4. Vibration

Look to see if it is on every slice plane and phase direction. Does it happen on T1’s or
T2’s, do I see it only on specific sequence or specific coil. Is it MA coil or quadriture
coil.

T2’s more sensitive to ghosting.

1. Put phantom on.


2. Scan sequence they are complaining about
3. Look and see if I can duplicate. If I can’t then it is something with patient or
protocol, have them call helpline then send patient images and phantom images
in.
4. If you can duplicate it.
5. Take regular spin echo SNR scan and see if it is on that. If not, take TR to 520
and see if still have replication. If not then you have AC interference. If do see it
with 520, then put TR to 500 and TE out to 120. If it gets worse, then it might be
B0. ECC tool and zero out all B0 values. Repeat scan. If you don’t see artifact,
then you know its B0.
6. If you still see the artifact, then turn off the cold head, put phase encoding
gradient in standby, run the same scan and go into raw data and plot-vertical line
plot-looking for the way the characteristics of the signal. Should have equal
amplitute throughout raw data. If there is vibration then an anomaly will appear in
the raw data—will see fluctuation in signal intensity.
If only seeing on FSE, Case 2 is most sensitive to anything. So

1. What is the interecho time, what is the case, what slice plane, what phase
encoding direction, rephase on or off. IF ONLY SINGLE CASE (other than case
2), then tuning issue. (For every single case, have protocols, use protocol and
show what it looks like on a phantom.)
2. IF MULTIPLE CASES, then eddy currents—aka-then probably a B0 problem and
not adjusted right. Take an Axial right to left sequence, case 2, zero out B0 values
less than 5ms and zero out fast spin echo numbers. This is what it looks like
untuned. Then tune it, now show them how it looks like. Now adjust B0 and show
them the difference. FAST SPIN ECHO VERY SENSITIVE TO B0.
3. Run Case 2 protocol.
4. Look

UNLIKELY, could be caused by a clock. Would have clear replication. H1 would go up


really high (max is 511, 200-330 for a normal head coil on Altaire), would have PA
shutdowns. Very easily take o-scope and look at demodulating clocks 8MHz and 22MHz
that go to receive module in RFDC cabinet. Looking for ringing, bouncing, shifting
(frequency breathing from 7-8.5). Either SYNTH or TRANS module is wrong.

Major Ghosting was seen on an AIRIS Elite (in Ukraine).


Problem wound up being that the fiber-optic cable connected
from the rear of the RF Modules to the DGBC Board was not
connected. After connecting the FO cable the ghosting was
minimized (basically normal) and the SNR also went up
about 20 points.

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