Albania

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=of Albania (Albanian: Republika e Shqiperise, pronounced [??pu?blika ? ?cip???i?

s?]), is a country in Southeast Europe on the Adriatic and Ionian Sea within the
Mediterranean Sea. It shares land borders with Montenegro to the northwest,
Kosovo[a] to the northeast, North Macedonia to the east, Greece to the south and
maritime borders with Greece, Montenegro and Italy to the west.

Geographically, Albania displays varied climatic, geological, hydrological, and


morphological conditions, defined in an area of 28,748 km2 (11,100 sq mi). It
possesses significant diversity with the landscape ranging from the snow-capped
mountains in the Albanian Alps as well as the Korab, Skanderbeg, Pindus and
Ceraunian Mountains to the hot and sunny coasts of the Albanian Adriatic and Ionian
Sea along the Mediterranean Sea.

Historically, Albania has been inhabited by numerous civilisations such as the


Illyrians, Thracians, Ancient Greeks, Romans, Byzantines, Venetians and Ottomans.
The Albanians established the autonomous Principality of Arber in the 12th century.
The Kingdom of Albania and Principality of Albania formed between the 13th and 14th
centuries. Prior to the Ottoman conquest of Albania in the 15th century, the
Albanian resistance to Ottoman expansion into Europe led by Gjergj Kastrioti
Skanderbeg won them acclaim over most of Europe.

Between the 18th and 19th centuries, cultural developments, widely attributed to
Albanians having gathered both spiritual and intellectual strength, conclusively
led to the Albanian Renaissance. After the defeat of the Ottomans in the Balkan
Wars, the modern nation state of Albania declared independence in 1912.[7] In the
20th century, the Kingdom of Albania was invaded by Italy which formed Greater
Albania before becoming a protectorate of Nazi Germany.[8] Enver Hoxha formed
Communist Albania after the Second World War and launched the Albanians on a path
of oppression and decades o

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